Abstract: A reconstituted non-asphaltenic oil Pa comprising at least 28% by weight of naphtha N, having a ratio R of 1.5 or more and a gasoline potential, POTg, in the range 47 to 70, in which: R=(0.9 N+0.5 VGO+)/(MD+0.1 VGO+), POTg=0.9N+0.5 VGO+, with in % by weight: N=naphtha: [30° C./170° C.]; MD=middle distillates: ]170° C./360° C.] and VGO+=fraction boiling above 360° C. R indicates the relative gasoline potential of a non residual oil over middle distillates during its subsequent refining.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a crude product composition. The crude product composition has, per gram of crude product: at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C. at 0.101 MPa, at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 204° C. and about 300° C. at 0.101 MPa, at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 300° C. and about 400° C. at 0.101 MPa, and at least 0.001 grams of hydrocarbons with a boiling range distribution between about 400° C. and about 538° C. at 0.101 MPa. The hydrocarbons that have a boiling range distribution of at most 204° C. comprise iso-paraffins and n-paraffins with a weight ratio of the iso-paraffins to the n-paraffins of at most 1.4.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of thermal and acidic treatment. Further, the invention describes a method for making a water-in-oil emulsion, or a solids-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion with a reduced viscosity. The emulsion can be used in enhanced oil recovery methods, including using the emulsion as a drive fluid to displace hydrocarbons in a subterranean formation, and using the emulsion as a barrier fluid for diverting flow of fluids in the formation.

Abstract: A process for steam cracking liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks containing synthetic crude oil comprises i) hydroprocessing a wide boiling range aliquot containing a) normally liquid hydrocarbon portion substantially free of resids and b) thermally cracked hydrocarbon liquid, boiling in a range from about 600° to about 1050° F., to provide a synthetic crude oil substantially free of resids; ii) adding to the synthetic crude oil a normally liquid hydrocarbon component boiling in a range from about 100° to about 1050° F.; and iii) cracking the mixture resulting from ii) in a cracker furnace comprising a radiant coil outlet to provide a cracked effluent, wherein the cracking is carried out under conditions sufficient to effect a radiant coil outlet temperature which is greater than the optimum radiant coil outlet temperature for cracking the synthetic crude oil separately. A method for upgrading synthetic crude for use in cracking is also provided, as well as a feedstock for cracking.

Abstract: Method for making base oil, comprising transporting a height of greater than 7.5 meters of granular solid wax particles comprising a highly paraffinic wax with defined boiling points and a powder coating to a distant location, and hydroprocessing the transported wax. Also, a method comprising: a) selecting a Fischer-Tropsch wax having a broad boiling range, b) powder coating the wax, and c) transporting and d) hydroprocessing the wax. Also, a method comprising forming inorganic powder coated granular solid wax particles that withstand heavy loads without clumping or sticking together from highly paraffinic wax, wherein the amount of powder is between 0.1 and 5 wt %, transporting, and hydroprocessing the solid wax particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks comprising a blend of a Fischer-Tropsch derived product and a petroleum derived product that is hydrocracked under conditions to preserve aromatics. The resulting distillate fuel product is a low sulfur, moderately aromatic distillate fuel. The resulting distillate fuel or distillate fuel blend stock exhibits excellent properties, including good seal swell, density, and thermal stability. The present invention also relates to processes for making these distillate fuels or distillate fuel blend stocks.

Abstract: A method of blending delayed coker feedstocks to produce a coke that is easier to remove from a coker drum. A first feedstock is selected having less than about 250 wppm dispersed metals content and greater than about 5.24 API gravity. A second delayed coker feedstock is blended with said first resid feedstock so that the total dispersed metals content of the blend will be greater than about 250 wppm and the API gravity will be less than about 5.24.

Abstract: A heat treatment oil composition comprising a mixed base oil containing 50-95 weight % of (A) a low viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of 5-60 mm2/s at 40° C., and 50-5 weight % of (B) a high viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of more than 300 mm2/s at 40° C. is proposed. By the use of this heat treatment oil composition for hardening of metallic material, it enables to generate little cooling unevenness, to assure the hardness of hardening processed product, and to reduce quenching distortion.

Abstract: The invention includes a process for producing synthetic middle distillates and synthetic middle distillates produced therefrom. In one embodiment, the process comprises fractionating a hydrocarbon synthesis product to at least generate a light middle distillate, a heavy middle distillate, and a waxy fraction; thermally cracking the waxy fraction; and isomerizing the heavy middle distillate. A synthetic diesel or blending component is formed by the combination of at least a portion of the light middle distillate; at least a portion or fraction of the thermally cracked product; and at least a portion or fraction of the isomerized product. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon synthesis product and/or the thermally cracked product may be hydrotreated. In other embodiments, a synthetic middle distillate comprises at least two fractions: a light fraction with not more than 10% branched hydrocarbons, and a heavy fraction with at least 30% branched hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fluids are produced by hydrocracking a vacuum gas oil stream, fractionating and/or hydrogenating the hydrocracked vacuum gas oil. The fluids typically have ASTM D86 boiling point ranges within the range 100° C. to 400° C. the range being no more than 75° C., they also have a naphthenic content greater than 60%, the naphthenics containing polycyclic materials, an aromatic content below 2% and an aniline point below 100° C. The fluids are particularly useful as solvents, for printing inks, drilling fluids, metal working fluids and as silicone extenders.

Abstract: A process to prepare a catalytically dewaxed gas oil or gas oil blending component by performing the following steps: (a) hydrocracking/hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch product; (b) separating the product of step (a) into at least one or more fuel fractions and a gas oil precursor fraction; (c) catalytically dewaxing the gas oil precursor fraction obtained in step (b); and, (d) isolating the catalytically dewaxed gas oil or gas oil blending component from the product of step (c) by means of distillation.

Abstract: The process for desulfurizing a gas oil fraction according to the invention comprises a low-boiling gas oil fraction hydrodesulfurization step (I) wherein a low-boiling gas oil fraction is desulsurized under the condition of a H2/Oil ratio of 70 to 200 Nm3/kl to obtain a treated oil, a high-boiling gas oil fraction hydrodesulfurization step (II) wherein a high-boiling gas oil fraction is desulsurized under the condition of a H2Oil ratio of 200 to 800 Nm3/kl to obtain a treated oil, and a step (III) wherein the treated oil obtained in the step (I) is mixed with the treated oil obtained in the step (II), and in this process, at least a part of a gas containing unreacted hydrogen in the step (II) is used for the hydrodesulfurization of the step (I).

Abstract: Dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic wax are provided. Further provided are processes for making these dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic wax. The dielectric fluids are useful as insulating and cooling mediums in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, circuit breakers, switchgear, underground electrical cables, and attendant equipment.

Abstract: An alternative fuel source, preferably for use in a boiler, is provided. The fuel source is comprised of a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and diesel fuel. Preferably, the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil has a Iodine Value (IV) ranging from approximately 50 to approximately 120.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition having enhanced lubricity, said composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel as base fuel blended with a minor amount of a nitrogen rich fraction characterised in that the nitrogen rich fraction is derived from a source material selected from (i) a solvent extract of a solid or semi-solid natural fossil, or, (ii) a refinery process stream or blend, the sulphur to nitrogen atom ratio in the nitrogen rich fraction being less than 4. The nitrogen rich fraction has an absolute nitrogen content of at least 1000 ppm by weight and this fraction is (re)blended with the base fuel is no more than 1% by weight of the total fuel composition. Methods of separating, recovering and reblending such naturally occurring nitrogen compounds can be installed or retrofitted at existing refinery and crude oil processing facilities without any substantial increase in production costs.

Abstract: A composition of white oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 cSt and 36 cSt, a viscosity index greater than an amount calculated by the equation: Viscosity Index=28×Ln(the Kinematic Viscosity at 100° C.)+105, less than 18 weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffin functionality, a pour point less than zero degrees C., and a Saybolt color of +20 or greater. Also, a composition of white oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 cSt and 36 cSt, a viscosity index greater than an amount calculated by the equation: Viscosity Index=28×Ln(the Kinematic Viscosity at 100° C.)+95, between 5 and less than 18 weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffin functionality, less than 1.2 weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality, a pour point less than zero degrees C., and a Saybolt color of +20 or greater.

Abstract: An alternative fuel source, preferably for use in a boiler, is provided. The fuel source is comprised of a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and diesel fuel. Preferably, the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil has a Iodine Value (IV) ranging from approximately 50 to approximately 120.

Abstract: The invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a solvent and combining the sodium/solvent solution with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The pressure of combination is above the vapor pressure of the solvent. The combined hydrocarbon feed and solvent solution are placed in a low pressure environment to vaporize the solvent. The resulting stream is combined with hydrogen gas and this stream is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. This product is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: A fuel for a fuel cell system comprising hydrocarbon compounds, which fuel has distillation properties of the initial boiling point (initial boiling point 0) in distillation of over 40° C. and 100° C. or lower, the 10 vol. % distillation temperature (T10) of over 50° C. and 120° C. or lower, the 90 vol. % distillation temperature (T90) of 110° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, and the final boiling point in distillation of 130° C. or higher and 210° C. or lower.

Abstract: A fuel for a fuel cell system comprising hydrocarbon compounds, which fuel has distillation properties of the initial boiling point (initial boiling point 0) in distillation of 24° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower, the 10 vol. % distillation temperature (T10) of 25° C. or higher and 50° C. or lower, the 90 vol. % distillation temperature (T90) of 45° C. or higher and 130° C. or lower, and the final boiling point in distillation of 55° C. or higher and 150° C. or lower.

Abstract: A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises wherein said fuel has distillation properties, the initial boiling point (initial boiling point 0) in distillation of 24° C. or higher and 50° C. or lower, the 10 vol. % distillation temperature (T10) of 35° C. or higher and 70° C. or lower, the 90 vol. % distillation temperature (T90) of 100° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, and the final boiling point in distillation of 130° C. or higher and 210° C. or lower. The fuel for a fuel cell system has a high power generation quantity per weight, a high power generation quantity per CO2 emission, a low fuel consumption, a small evaporative gas (evapo-emission), small deterioration of a fuel cell system comprising such as a reforming catalyst, a water gas shift reaction catalyst, a carbon monoxide removal catalyst, fuel cell stacks and the like to maintain the initial performances for a long duration, good handling properties in view of storage stability and inflammability, and a low preheating heat quantity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber process oil in which the content of polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) as determined by the IP 346 method is less than 3% by mass and which is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, and a method for producing the same. The aniline point of the rubber process oil is 80° C. or less, and the % CA value as determined by ring analysis according to the Kurtz method is from 20 to 50%. The rubber process oil is produced by using extraction of lube oil fraction with a solvent having a selective affinity for aromatics. The extraction conditions are determined so that the extraction yield is regulated to a predetermined requirement defined by the PCAs content of the lube oil fraction. Alternatively, the extract is cooled to further separate into the extract and the raffinate, and the second raffinate is used for the rubber process oil.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a low-sulfur motor gasoline and the product made therefrom. In one embodiment, process involves separating a catalytically cracked naphtha into at least a light fraction boiling below about 165° F. and a heavy fraction boiling above about 165° F. The light fraction is treated to remove sulfur by a non-hydrotreating method, and the heavy fraction is hydrotreated to remove sulfur to a level of less than about 100 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates blended hydrocarbonaceous products comprising Fischer Tropsch derived products that resist oxidation and to methods of inhibiting oxidation in Fischer Tropsch products. The present invention also relates to Fischer Tropsch products containing an effective amount of a petroleum-derived hydrocarbonaceous product such that the Fischer Tropsch product resists oxidation.

Abstract: The invention is a low viscosity oil composition derived from crude oils and crude oil residuum comprising dispersed asphaltene salts in a hydrocarbon continuous phase.

Abstract: Fractions derived from a high sulfur content crude oil, having a sulfur content of about 2 wt. % or greater, is hydrotreated to produce a petroleum pitch not only having a low sulfur content of about 1 wt % or less but also a low polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of about 13,000 mg/kg or less.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of thermal and acidic treatment. Further, the invention describes a method for making a water-in-oil emulsion, or a solids-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion with a reduced viscosity. The emulsion can be used in enhanced oil recovery methods, including using the emulsion as a drive fluid to displace hydrocarbons in a subterranean formation, and using the emulsion as a barrier fluid for diverting flow of fluids in the formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the cold-flow properties of crude and distillate oils, where the additive is obtainable by extraction of crude oil with supercritical gas.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: The introduction of nanotubes in a liquid provides a means for changing the physical and/or chemical properties of the liquid. Improvements in heat transfer, electrical properties, viscosity, and lubricity can be realized upon dispersion of nanotubes in liquids; however, nanotubes behave like hydrophobic particles and tend to clump together in liquids. Methods of preparing stable dispersions of nanotubes are described and surfactants/dispersants are identified which can disperse carbon nanotubes in aqueous and petroleum liquid medium. The appropriate dispersant is chosen for the carbon nanotube and the water or oil based medium and the dispersant is dissolved into the liquid medium to form a solution. The carbon nanotube is added to the dispersant containing the solution with agitation, ultrasonication, and/or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of lower olefins by a thermal cracking process, a process for the preparation of a synthetic hydrocarbon feedstock for such a process, and a composition of a high performance feedstock usable in said process.

Abstract: A kerosene composition useful as heating fuels is provided containing at least 99 wt % of n-paraffins which have from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and/or iso-paraffins which have from 7 to 18 carbon atoms along with cyclo-paraffins which have from 9 to 18 carbon atoms and/or alkyl derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefinic naphtha and a process for producing lower olefinc from this naphtha. In the process of the present invention for producing lower olefins, preferably ethylene, at least a portion of a hydrocarbon asset is converted to synthesis gas and at least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to an olefinic naphtha by a Fischer-Tropsch process. At least a portion of the olefinic naphtha is converted in a naphtha cracker to a product stream comprising lower olefins, and at least a portion of the lower olefins from the product stream of the cracker are recovered.

Abstract: A description follows of an aqueous dispersion of heavy oil residues, suitable for undergoing combustion with a low emission of SOx, comprising: (a) a heavy oil residue; (b) a dispersing agent; (c) a desulfurizing agent selected from CaCO3, MgCO3, dolomite and relative mixtures; (d) a desulfurizing agent with stabilizing and anti-corrosive properties selected from MgO, Mg(OH)2, CaO, Ca(OH)2 and relative mixtures; (e) water; the weight percentage of (e) with respect of the sum of (a) + (e) being at least 15%.

Abstract: The formation of deposits on the injectors of gasoline direct injection engines controlled by combustion in said engine of a fuel comprising a gasoline containing about 12 to 65 vol % aromatics when the aromatics present in the fuel are attributable to the presence in the fuel of light fluid cat cracker stream product, reformate or a mixture thereof, preferably predominantly reformate.

Abstract: A method and reactor for upgrading a hydrocarbon in which an oxygen source and a hydrocarbon source are ignited and the resulting synthetic gas is used to initiate a gas phase heavy oil upgrade reaction. The upgrade reaction is quenched quickly after initiation of the gas phase reaction.

Abstract: Process to prepare a spindle oil, light machine oil and a medium machine oil base oil grade by (a) performing a separate catalytic dewaxing on a spindle oil fraction, a light machine oil fraction and a medium machine oil fraction as obtained in a vacuum distillation of a bottoms fraction of a fuels hydrocracking process; (b) performing a separate hydrofinishing of the light and medium machine oil fractions obtained in step (a); (c) separating the low boiling compounds from the spindle oil, light machine oil and medium machine oil fractions as obtained in step (a) and (b) and obtaining the spindle oil, light machine oil and medium machine oil base oil grade; (e) wherein the vacuum distillation is performed by alternatingly performing the distillation in two modes wherein the first mode (d1) the bottoms fraction is separated into a gas oil fraction, a spindle oil fraction, a medium machine oil fraction and a first rest fraction boiling between said spindle oil and medium machine oil fraction and in the second m

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fluids are produced by hydrocracking a vacuum gas oil stream, fractionating and/or hydrogenating the hydrocracked vacuum gas oil. The fluids typically have ASTM D86 boiling point ranges within the range 100° C. to 400° C. the range being no more than 75° C., they also have a naphthenic content greater than 60%, the naphthenics containing polycyclic materials, an aromatic content below 2% and an aniline point below 100° C. The fluids are particularly useful as solvents, for printing inks, drilling fluids, metal working fluids and as silicone extenders.

Abstract: An integrated fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and desulfurization system for processing hydrocarbon-containing fluids. The integrated system employs a cracking/desulfurization unit having a reactor, a regenerator, and a reducer. A mixture of solid FCC catalyst particulates and solid sulfur sorbent particulates are circulated through the reactor, regenerator, and reducer to provide for substantially continuous cracking and desulfurization of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, as well as substantially continuous regeneration of both the FCC catalyst and the sulfur sorbent.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposits in the fuel vaporizer of a fuel reformer used to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon for use as a fuel in a fuel cell which comprises introducing into the fuel vaporizer a liquid hydrocarbon containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive and a fuel composition suitable for use in a fuel cell which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling range at atmospheric pressure falling between about 77 degrees F. (25 degrees C.) and about 437 degrees F. (225 degrees C.), a total sulfur content of less than 3 ppm, and containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating naphtha. The method comprises providing naphtha feed, and the naphtha feed comprises naphthene ring-containing compounds. The naphtha feed is contacted with a ring opening catalyst containing a Group VIII metal under conditions effective to ring open the naphthene rings to form a ring opened product. The ring open product can then be contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst under effective cracking conditions to form an olefin product. The olefin product will be particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.

Abstract: A heat treatment oil composition comprising a mixed base oil containing 50-95 weight % of (A) a low viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of 5-60 mm2/s at 40° C., and 50-5 weight % of (B) a high viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of more than 300 mm2/s at 40° C. is proposed. By the use of this heat treatment oil composition for hardening of metallic material, it enables to generate little cooling unevenness, to assure the hardness of hardening processed product, and to reduce quenching distortion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a low-sulfur motor gasoline and the product made therefrom. In one embodiment, process involves separating a catalytically cracked naphtha into at least a light fraction boiling below about 165° F. and a heavy fraction boiling above about 165° F. The light fraction is treated to remove sulfur by a non-hydrotreating method, and the heavy fraction is hydrotreated to remove sulfur to a level of less than about 100 ppm.

Abstract: Low molecular weight oxazine ring-containing Mannich base condensates of hydroxy aromatic compounds, aldehyde; and amine. Such compounds are useful as soot dispersants in lubricating oils when used alone, or in combination with high molecular weight dispersants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a low-sulfur motor gasoline and the product made therefrom. In one embodiment, process involves separating a catalytically cracked naphtha into at least a light fraction boiling below about 165° F. and a heavy fraction boiling above about 165° F. The light fraction is treated to remove sulfur by a non-hydrotreating method, and the heavy fraction is hydrotreated to remove sulfur to a level of less than about 100 ppm.

Abstract: Total combustion and evaporative emissions from gasoline pump fuels can be controlled with total emissions no higher than those currently allowed by the addition of an evaporative factor such as RVP to the model predicting emissions, based on a number of considerations including the sensitivity of emission parameters (toxics, hydrocarbons, CO and NOx) as related to the variables in the predictive model (oxygenate content, sulfur, T90, T50, aromatics, olefins, benzene and RVP). The present pump gasolines will normally have compositions including T10 no greater than 140° F., T90 no greater than 330° F., RVP no greater than 7 psi and usually lower and sulfur no greater than 50 ppmw. Oxygenates may be eliminated, permitting T50 values to increase which is not unfavorable from the viewpoint of total emissions provided other parameters are held within specified limits. Aromatics, olefins and benzene are normally held to maximum of 35, 10 and 1 vol % respectively to achieve satisfactorily low total emissions.