Abstract: A process for preparing white mineral oil from a mineral oil distillate of lubricating viscosity by first contacting the distillate with hydrogen in the presence of sulfur-resistant catalyst to form hydrogenated oil and then second contacting at least a portion of the hydrogenated oil with hydrogen in the presence of a second catalyst to form a refined oil from which white oil is recovered. The second catalyst, which comprises a support, at least one palladium component and at least one halogen component, possess improved catalyst activity.

Abstract: A transformer is disclosed which comprises a tank comprising a laminated magnetic core and a winding immersed in a fluid which comprises bright stock catalytically hydrogenated to an aromaticity of 5 to 30 percent. This fluid provides inexpensive insulation for transformers without the need for additives to obtain acceptable physical and electrical properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon extrusion oil for preparing carbon and graphite electrodes. The composition comprises a mixture of straight-chain paraffin hydrocarbons and cylinder stock derived from a naphthenic type of crude oil. This invention relates to a method for producing extruded carbon or graphite bodies and to a composition for use therein.

Abstract: A product useful as a pour point depressant which comprises the asphaltene component of a thermally treated shale oil is disclosed, as is a process for making it, a method for using it and a concentrate and a composition containing it.

Abstract: A power transformer having an operating temperature in excess of 200.degree. C. and including a casing or tank, an electrical core and coil assembly having an asbestos based barrier material and being supported in said casing, and a low cost saturated hydrocarbon insulating fluid substantially filling the casing and having a vapor pressure at 200.degree. C. less than 10 millimeters of mercury and a flash point in excess of 230.degree. C.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil composition consisting essentially of (I) 50-95 parts by weight of a mineral oil-derived electrical insulating oil, (II) 5-50 parts by weight of at least one oil selected from diarylalkanes, polybutene, an oil having a specified refractive index and a hydrocarbon oil-derived hydrofined oil, and (III) 0.001-1.0% by weight of a hydrocarbon-derived pour point depressant, based on the total weight of the oils (I) and (II).

Abstract: Sulfonic acids are converted into a hydrocarbon oil of superior oxidation stability by transforming the acids into compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfonates, substituted ammonium sulfonates, and sulfonic acid esters; and hydrotreating the resultant sulfonic acid derivatives at elevated temperatures in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst. The hydrotreating process frees the parent hydrocarbons that originally constituted the organic portion of the sulfonic acids by cleaving the carbon-sulfur bond of the sulfonic acid derivatives. These parent hydrocarbons are recovered from the reaction products of the hydrotreating step and comprise a hydrocarbon oil that exhibits a higher stability toward oxidation than can otherwise be obtained from other hydrocarbon oils of similar composition and viscosity.

Abstract: A process for preparing light distillate fractions and medicinal oil from heavy hydrocarbon oils comprises two-stage hydrocracking, fractionation distillation and catalytic hydrotreatment of at least part of the fractionation residue.

Abstract: A crude shale oil is produced by in situ retorting of oil shale in a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort in a subterranean formation containing oil shale. A combustion zone is advanced through the fragmented mass by introducing an oxygen containing gas to the mass on the trailing side of the combustion zone and withdrawing an off gas from the fragmented mass on the advancing side of the combustion zone. Gas flow advances the combustion zone through the fragmented mass and transfers heat of combustion to a retorting zone on the advancing side of the combustion zone. Kerogen in oil shale in the retorting zone is decomposed to produce gaseous and liquid products including crude shale oil. Crude shale oil produced by such a process and having characteristics described herein is withdrawn from the fragmented mass on the advancing side of the retorting zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel electric insulating oil compositions and a process for preparing the same. The electric insulating compositions of the invention comprise distillates within a boiling range in terms of normal pressure between 265.degree. C. and 360.degree. C. obtained by processing a hydrocarbon mixture from cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons at a temperature of 700.degree. C. or higher principally composed of components with a boiling range between 75.degree. C. and 198.degree. C., said components mainly containing monocyclic aromatics and comprising aromatic olefins of said boiling range, in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst under such conditions that the reaction temperature is from 0.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., the liquid residence time is from 0.1 hour to 5 hours and the concentration of aromatic olefins in the reaction system is 10% by weight or below.

Abstract: The pour point of a high-pour-point shale oil is lowered by mixing it with a low-pour-point whole shale oil. Both the method and the resulting composition are claimed.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having both high positive and high negative direct current breakdown voltage values is prepared by catalytically reforming a petroleum naphtha or similar feedstock and then fractionating or otherwise treating the reformed material to produce a highly aromatic oil which boils in the range between about 400.degree. and about 700.degree. F., contains less than about 1.0 weight percent of polar compounds, and includes less than about 2.5 weight percent of aromatic compounds having four or more condensed aromatic rings per molecule. This aromatic oil may be blended with up to about 75 volume percent, based on the total blend, of a low aromatic petroleum fraction which has been hydrogen treated, solvent extracted or acid treated to reduce its aromatics content to a level less than about 20% by weight. The aromatic oil or blend may be hydrogen treated or contacted with an adsorbent to improve further its stability and other properties.

Abstract: A process for producing a mixture of shale oils containing spherulites which comprises adding an effective amount of an about 1050.degree. F. plus fraction of a raw shale oil containing spherulites, e.g. prepared by a solid-upflow fluid-downflow oil shale retorting process, to a waxy shale oil not containing spherulites, e.g. prepared by a solid-downflow fluid-upflow oil shale retorting process. The formation of spherulites in the mixture is accompanied by a lowered reduction in the pour point of the resulting shale oil mixture.

Abstract: A transformer oil processing sequence is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a naphthenic based oil with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a permanganate under mild oxidation conditions of temperature and pressure and caustic washing the resultant product. The caustic washed product is then subjected to two pass hydrogenation to provide a transformer oil having superior Doble oxidation resistance values.

Abstract: A transformer oil processing sequence is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a naphthenic based oil with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a free radical initiating catalyst under mild oxidation conditions of temperature and pressure, fractionally distilling the resultant product and then hydrogenating the oil.

Abstract: Specialty oils of very low pour point and excellent stability, such as transformer oils and refrigerator oils, are produced from waxy crude distillates by solvent refining, catalytic dewaxing over a zeolite catalyst in the nature of zeolite ZSM-5 and hydrotreating.

Abstract: Transformer oil feedstocks are produced by double solvent extracting a raw, untreated, light distillate fraction from a waxy crude oil to produce a second, wax-containing extract. The second extract oil is hydrotreated to mildly crack same, reduce the sulfur content and improve the viscosity oxidation and color stability thereof. This hydrotreated oil is then distilled to produce a transformer oil feedstock of relatively low wax content as a heart cut fraction having a 5 to 95 LV% boiling range between about 595.degree. to 750.degree. F. The transformer oil feedstock may then be dewaxed using any well known method such as solvent or catalytic dewaxing to obtain a low pour point transformer oil.

Abstract: Sulfonic acids are converted into a hydrocarbon oil of superior oxidation stability by transforming the acids into compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfonates, substituted ammonium sulfonates, and sulfonic acid esters; and hydrotreating the resultant sulfonic acid derivatives at elevated temperatures in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst. The hydrotreating process frees the parent hydrocarbons that originally constituted the organic portion of the sulfonic acids by cleaving the carbon-sulfur bond of the sulfonic acid derivatives. These parent hydrocarbons are recovered from the reaction products of the hydrotreating step and comprise a hydrocarbon oil that exhibits a higher stability toward oxidation than can otherwise be obtained from other hydrocarbon oils of similar composition and viscosity.

Abstract: Coal can be extracted with high boiling aromatic oils produced by extracting the aromatic constituents of a heavy petroleum material, e.g. a bitumen residue, using a selective solvent, mixing the extract with a low-boiling aromatic solvent, adding water and separating the aromatic-containing phase and recovering said aromatic constituents. The resulting coal extract is particularly suitable for the production of electrode coke.

Abstract: A petroleum oxidate of gel resistant properties characterized by a Neut. No. between about 40 and 50, a Sap. No. between about 85 and 105, a specific gravity between about 0.99 and 1.03, a viscosity (SUS at 210.degree. F.) of between about 1200 and 2500 and a melting point of between about 85.degree. and 115.degree. F.; a calcium soap thereof having a calcium content of between about 1.2 and 1.9 wt. % and a melting point between about 155.degree. and 230.degree. F. of gel resistant properties under cutback conditions; said oxidate, calcium soap and cutback thereof respectively prepared by contacting a deasphalted naphthene base residual oil having a molecular weight of between about 300 and 900, a saturate content between about 40 and 60 wt. %, an aromatic content between about 60 and 40 wt. %, a methylene to methyl group mole ratio of between about 1:1 and 2.5:1, and an SUS viscosity (210.degree. F.) of between about 150 and 170, with air at an air rate of between about 5 and 40 SCFH/lb.

Abstract: The unique, relatively nonflammable, environmentally safe, insulating oil comprises a saturated hydrocarbon oil having a molecular weight of about 500 to about 700, and a fire point above 200.degree. C. The electrical equipment comprises an oil-sealed tank, a unique insulating oil filling said tank, and an electrical component such as a conductive coil immersed in said insulating oil. A method of filling the oil-sealed tank of an electrical apparatus with the unique insulating oil also is disclosed.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having excellent oxidation stability, thermal stability, corona resistance and corrosion resistance and, if desired, low-temperature properties, which consist essentially of a blend of a refined oil (I) derived from a paraffin or mixed base crude oil, a refined oil (II) prepared from a lubricating oil fraction of a mineral oil and, if desired, an amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer (III). The oils (I) and (II) may be blended together in ratios by weight of 80- 99:1- 20. In one embodiment, the copolymer may be added to the blend of the oils (I) and (II) in ratios by weight of 0.001- 1.0 to 100 thereby to obtain an electrical insulating oil having excellent low-temperature properties in addition to the above-mentioned excellent properties.

Abstract: A process for making technical white oils in a single step hydrogenation and without the need for acid treating to meet white oil specification by hydrogenating a hydrocracked solvent extracted lubricating oil distilling between 650.degree. and 1050.degree. F., having a SUS/100.degree. F. viscosity of about 200 and an aromatic content of less than about 15% in a single step at 600.degree. to 700.degree. F., and at 2000 to 3000 psig in the presence of a catalyst comprising nickel and tungsten supported on silica-alumina, subjecting the hydrogenated solvent extracted lube oil to atmospheric distillation to remove distillates useful as fuels and subjecting the bottoms of said atmospheric distillation to a vacuum distillation to yield various viscosity grades of technical white oils.

Abstract: In the process of manufacturing a refrigeration oil where an oil stock is dewaxed by forming a complex with urea in the presence of an activator, the improvement of adding hot vacuum gas oil to the separated urea complex whereby the activator is flashed off and is recycled for reuse and the slurry of the urea complex in the gas oil is treated with hot water to break the adduct and separate a water-urea mixture and oil and paraffin. The improved method enables accurate and uniform temperature control and degradation of urea is suppressed.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil composition having satisfactory oxidation stability, electrical properties and low-temperature performances, consisting essentially of (I) an electrical insulating oil having a sulphur content of 0.1-0.35 wt.% prepared from a paraffin or mixed base crude oil and (II) 0.001-1.0% by weight, based on said insulating oil, of an essentially amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer having an average molecular weight of 10,000-200,000 and a propylene content of 10-70 mol%.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil consisting essentially of (1) a mineral oil, as the base oil for the product oil, containing not more than 0.35 wt.% of sulphur and being prepared by refining a distillate containing at least 80 wt.% of a fraction boiling at 230.degree.-430.degree. C at atmospheric pressure, the distillate being obtained by the distillation of paraffin or mixed base crude oils, (2) at least one arylalkane and, if desired, (3) a hydrocarbon-derived pour point depressant.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having excellent thermal stability and low-temperature properties, which consists essentially of (A) 80-99 parts by weight of refined oil having a low sulphur content and considerable aromatic content and being prepared from a distillate contained in a fraction boiling between 230.degree.-430.degree. C of a paraffin or mixed base crude oil origin, (B) 1-20 parts by weight of a refined oil prepared from a lubricating oil fraction of a mineral oil boiling between 230.degree.-460.degree. C of any crude oil origin and, if desired, (C) 0.001-1.0 part by weight of an essentially ethylene-propylene copolymer as the additive.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having excellent oxidation stability, thermal stability, corona resistance, corrosion resistance and, if desired, a particularly low pour point, which consists essentially of a blend of a refined oil (I) derived from a paraffin or mixed base crude oil, a refined oil (II) prepared from a lubricating oil fraction of a mineral oil, at least one arylalkane (III) such as an alkylbenzene, and, if desired, an essentially amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer (IV).

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil having excellent oxidation stability, thermal stability and/or hydrogen absorbability consisting essentially of (A) a base hydrocarbon oil obtained by hydrofining and then dewaxing a fraction boiling at 280.degree.-400.degree. derived from a paraffin or mixed base crude oil, (B) a highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil obtained by hydrofining and/or distilling a heavy hydrocarbon fraction boiling at 250.degree.-400.degree. C produced as a by-product at the time of catalytically reforming naphtha or the like and, if desired, (C) an oil obtained by treating a lubricating oil fraction boiling at 230.degree.-500.degree. C derived from a crude petroleum oil.

Abstract: A novel oil-containing rubber composition is prepared by admixing a rubber from the group consisting of natural rubber, homopolymers of conjugated diolefins, and copolymers of conjugated diolefins with ethylenically unsaturated monomers, with mineral oil having at least 10 weight percent aromatic compounds which has been obtained byA. mixing a mineral oil starting material with an acidic reagent comprising anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in amount from 10 to 40 percent by weight of said starting material; thereby to form an acid phase insoluble in said mineral oil and containing components extracted from said starting material, and an oil phase comprising unextracted components of said starting material and containing dissolved acidic material,B. separating said acid phase from said oil phase,C. mixing said oil phase with an alkaline reagent to neutralize said dissolved acidic material and form neutralization products, andD. separating said neutralization products from said oil phase.

Abstract: A technical grade white oil of low UV absorptivity is made by the hydrogenation of a paraffinic distillate under specified conditions.

Abstract: Refrigeration oils are prepared by subjecting a crude lubricating oil fraction to mild hydrogenation, acid treating, dewaxing and clay percolation.

Abstract: A heat soaked polymer by-product from the production of gasoline using the 90.degree.-400.degree.F. steam cracker naphtha as feed is upgraded by first subjecting the same to a thermal polymerization and then subjecting the thermal polymerization product to a hydrotreating or hydrogenation step or both. Generally, the hydrotreatment is accomplished at relatively mild conditions so as to avoid any change in aromatic ring structure. Hydrogenation, on the other hand, is accomplished at more severe conditions so as to effect hydrogenation of the aromatic rings. In those cases where a mild hydrotreatment only is used, the products obtained are, generally, useful as aromatic oils of light color. Where more severe hydrogenation is used, on the other hand, the products are useful as naphthenic oils.

Abstract: A method for producing uninhibited transformer oil is disclosed which includes isolating a petroleum distillate that is primarily naphthenic and aromatic in character, boiling above 400.degree.F, having a viscosity between 50 and 100 SSU at 100.degree.F, and containing sulfur compounds; contacting the distillate with a solvent selective for aromatic hydrocarbons under conditions to produce a raffinate phase containing 15-30%v aromatic hydrocarbons; hydrotreating the raffinate phase to reduce the nitrogen content to at most 25 PPM, to maintain the sulfur content greater than 0.08%w, and to maintain the aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 15%v. The product is an uninhibited transformer oil, and it can be further improved by regenerative clay treatment and by the addition of certain aromatic hydrocarbon compounds containing two or more six carbon membered fused or unfused rings, at least one of which is a benzene ring.