Abstract: A method and system for attenuating a shockwave propagating through a first medium by heating a selected region of the first fluid medium rapidly to create a second, transient medium that intercepts the shockwave and attenuates its energy density before it reaches a protected asset. The second medium may attenuate the shockwave by one or more of reflection, refraction, dispersion, absorption and momentum transfer. The method and system may include a sensor for detecting a shockwave-producing event, determining a direction and distance of the shockwave relative to a defended target and calculating a firing plan, and an arc generator for creating the second medium. The arc generator may create the second medium by creating an electric arc that travels along an electrically conductive path utilizing at least one of high intensity laser pulses, pellets forming a conductive ion trail, sacrificial conductors, projectiles trailing electrical wires, and magnetic induction.

Abstract: Electrical apparatus such as a heater (2) for an ice protection system for an aircraft (1) comprises a laminate such as a heater mat (3) and a connector (41-49). The laminate (3) comprises dielectric layers (50-58) and an electrical element such as a heater element (501), and each dielectric layer of the laminate comprises thermoplastic material. The connector (41-49) comprises a ribbon having first and second ends and a metal conductor (413, 423, 433). The ribbon comprises thermoplastic material and its first end (415, 425, 435, 445, 455, 465, 475, 485) is embedded in the laminate and is laminated to adjacent first and second ones of the dielectric layers (50-58) of the laminate. Because the thermoplastic material of the ribbon is the same as or is compatible with the thermoplastic material of the first and second dielectric layers, the formation of an undesirable discontinuity at the interfaces between the first end of the ribbon and the first and second dielectric layers is prevented.

Abstract: A heater apparatus for a vehicle may include a main heater of a vehicle, and an auxiliary heater coupled with the main heater at the rear side thereof and having a housing including an edge part and an inner part, wherein heat radiation fins and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element assemblies are coupled with the housing at the front surface thereof.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a vehicle HVAC system includes: a housing that defines at least first and second air conduits to a vehicle interior compartment; and at least first and second heat rods that each traverses the first and second air conduits, wherein a first positive temperature coefficient along a length of the first heat rod is greater at the first air conduit than at the second air conduit, and wherein a second positive temperature coefficient along a length of the second heat rod is greater at the second air conduit than at the first air conduit.

Abstract: An adaptive heating system for optimizing energy resources while heating a confined area. The adaptive heating system includes at least the following components: a controller, a first heat source, a switch device, and a wireline system. The wireline system is configured to connect the controller to the first heat source, a second heat source, and the switch device. The controller is configured to receive an input from the switch device, determine whether the input indicates a selection of the first heat source or a selection of the second heat source, and then initiate operation of either the first or the second heat source, based on the determined selection. The first heat source is associated with an electric heater and the second heat source is associated with a gas furnace.

Abstract: A method of forming a heating element includes depositing a conductive ink of silver particles in an epoxy resin on a dielectric film to create a conductive circuit, and heat curing the conductive circuit to achieve a resistivity of the heating element less than 1.68×10?6 ohm·meter. An aircraft heated floor panel includes at least one floor panel of an aircraft includes a conductive circuit positioned within the floor panel having a conductive ink of silver particles in an epoxy resin on a dielectric film.

Abstract: A panel for an aircraft is disclosed. The panel has a body with an integral conductor for the transmission of electrical power and/or signals therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interior lining for vehicles and aircraft having a carrier and a heating layer and an upper layer, wherein the at least one heating layer is arranged between the carrier and the upper layer, and the heating layer and the upper layer are directly or indirectly interconnected, and to a method for producing such an interior lining, wherein at least one heating layer is pre-laminated onto an upper layer to form a layer composite, and the layer composite is press-laminated, membrane-laminated or vacuum-laminated onto a carrier, or alternatively, in order to produce such an interior lining, a heating layer is pre-laminated onto a carrier to form a carrier/layer composite, and an upper layer is press-laminated, membrane-laminated or vacuum-laminated onto the carrier/layer composite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid heating device for an automobile that comprises two independent liquid flow paths (10a, 10b) integrally formed in at least one part (1a) made of a heat-conducting material, each liquid flow path (10a) being capable of enabling a flow of liquid between a connection terminal defining an inlet and a connection terminal defining an outlet (12a, 12b), each of the connection terminals being capable of sealingly receiving a liquid supply duct or tube, and a heating means (14) thermally coupled with said part (1a) and capable of heating said part (1a) so that the liquid flowing through said flow paths can absorb the heat of said part (1a). The invention advantageously enables the very flexible use thereof for one or more systems requiring heated liquid inside a single vehicle.

Abstract: A formed body having a curved surface, a method of producing the formed body, a front cover for a vehicle lighting device, and a method of producing the front cover. A front cover for a vehicle lighting device, mounted to a front opening in a vehicle lighting device having a lamp body and a light source which is provided in the lamp body, wherein a heat generating body is provided in a substantially rectangular region of that surface of the front cover which faces the light source. The heat generating body maintains the relationship of Ra =(2 R0), where R0 is the electric resistance value (initial value) of the heat generating body before the heat generating body is elongated and Ra is the electric resistance value of the heat generating body after the heat generating body is elongated 5%.

Abstract: A vehicle heater (10) comprises a main body (12) carrying a non-intrinsically safe heat conductor layer (14), and a temperature monitoring device (16, 18, 20, 44) assigned to the heat conductor layer (14). The temperature monitoring device (16, 18, 20, 44) is designed to distinguish and to report at least the three following states: normal operation, reversible malfunction and irreversible malfunction. Moreover, a method for monitoring a vehicle heater (10) is suggested in which the following states are distinguished and reported: normal operation, reversible malfunction and irreversible malfunction.

Abstract: An engine pre-heater system comprising a housing having a passage extending therethrough for passage of coolant through the pre-heater. The housing provides at least one opening defined therein separate from the passage, and an electric heating element is inserted therein, the heating element projecting into the passage whereby the heating element is in direct contact with the coolant to heat it. The heating element is supplied with electrical power from a power source for enabling it to heat the coolant, and a lower end of the heating element is L-shaped, the lower end thus being substantially perpendicular in relationship to the remainder of the heating element, giving the heating element a greater surface area with which to contact, and thus heat the coolant. The engine pre-heater system is also operably able to heat the coolant, engine oil and transmission oil, therefore heating the coolant and warming the engine in a faster and more efficient manner for quick start-ups.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning system includes an electric powered refrigerant compressing device, an evaporator, an electric heater, an air temperature determining component, a cabin interior temperature controlling component, an upper limit electric power setting component, and an electric power distribution controller. The evaporator receives refrigerant from the compressing device. The heater is downstream of the evaporator in an air passageway. The determining component determines a first air temperature upstream of the evaporator and a second air temperature between the evaporator and the heater. The controlling component sets a vehicle interior discharge air temperature at a position downstream of the heater to a target temperature. The power setting component sets an upper limit for power supplied to the compressing device and the heater.

Abstract: A heating device for a sensor element of a gas sensor, in particular for use in exhaust gas analysis of internal combustion engines, has a heating element, which has an electrical resistor layer. The heating element is electrically insulated from at least one solid electrolyte layer by a layer containing barium and/or strontium and/or calcium. For this purpose, the heating element is embedded in a first insulator, which is adjoined by a second insulator. The first insulator has a higher barium and/or strontium and/or calcium content (expressed in weight percentage) than the second insulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a control device for controlling a heating device (26) for heating a component (24), in particular a lambda sensor.

Abstract: A system for generating radiant heat in a transit vehicle includes at least one floor panel having at least one heating element disposed therein, and a power switch operably disposed intermediate a power supply source and the heating element for selectively providing and discontinuing a supply of predetermined power generated by such power supply source to and from such at least one heating element.

Abstract: An ice detection system comprising a first group of sensors and a second group of sensors. The first group of sensors is located in a first group of locations on an aircraft. The first group of sensors in the first group of locations is configured to detect a first type of icing condition for the aircraft. The second group of sensors is located in a second group of locations on the aircraft. The second group of sensors in the second group of locations is configured to detect a second type of icing condition for the aircraft.

Abstract: Provided is a heat-transfer-medium heating apparatus including: a first heat-transfer-medium circulating box and a second heat-transfer-medium circulating box, which are attached to each other in a fluid-tight manner, in which heat-transfer-medium circulating paths are formed therein in close contact with both surfaces of a PTC heater; an electrical-component cooling wall member that is provided in, for example, the first heat-transfer-medium circulating box so as to be located adjacent to the heat-transfer-medium circulating path; and an electrical component that is fixed on the electrical-component cooling wall member, wherein a protruding portion is formed on the surface at the heat-transfer-medium circulating path side of the electrical-component cooling wall member so as to be positioned at exactly behind an installation position of the electrical component and to extend towards the heat-transfer-medium circulating path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating system for heating a living being, for instance, a person (2) within a vehicle (1) being preferentially a hybrid car or an electric car. The heating system comprises an infrared laser system (5, 6) for illuminating the living being with infrared laser light, thereby heating the living being. Thus, heating radiation is used, which has a high collimation and which can be focused relatively easily. The heating can therefore be confined to a certain region, in which the living being is located. The heating can even be confined to the living being or to parts of the living being only. This more focused heating allows for a reduction of the energy consumption.

Abstract: A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) rod assembly is provided for a PTC heater. PTC elements and an electrode terminal to which an insulator is attached may be retained in a channel-shaped rod cover having an open side so as to be exposed to the outside, and a heat-radiating fin is in direct contact with one surface of the rod cover so as to conduct heat, and another heat-radiating fin may be in direct contact with one surface of the insulator attached to an outer surface of the electrode terminal so as to conduct heat, so that the PTC rod assembly minimizes empty space in an inner space of the rod cover, increases heat transfer efficiency, and is easily manufactured due to a simple structure and reduction in the number of parts.

Abstract: A heater mat for a rotor blade includes a plurality of electrically conductive heater wires extending in a path along a span of the rotor blade and a plurality of yarn thread knitted to the plurality of heater wires, each of the yarn threads looping around at least one of the plurality of heater wires. A warp thread is positioned between adjacent heater wires and knitted to adjacent pairs of the yarn threads without looping around the plurality of heater wires, to maintain spacing between adjacent heater wires of the plurality of heater wires. An electrical current flowed through the plurality of heater wires inhibits ice accumulation on the rotor blade assembly.

Abstract: A combination heater and sensor comprising: (a) a heating layer, a sensing layer, or both; (b) one or more power application portions, one or more sensing application portions, or both; wherein the heating layer and the sensing layer are located within the same plane; and wherein the heating layer is a nonwoven layer that is comprised of a plurality of metallized fibers that are randomly oriented forming the heating layer so that upon application of power the heating layer provides heat.

Abstract: A heat pad assembly for installation and/or removal of a bracket from a structure comprises a heating element. The heat pad assembly may have at least one and, more preferably, a plurality of perforations formed therein. The heating element may be configured to generate heat upon the application of electrical current passing therethrough. The heat pad assembly may be used for temporary installation of a bracket to a mounting surface through the use of an adhesive which is installable between the bracket and the structure.

Abstract: A method for heating a fluid line system with at least two electric heating elements (R1, R2, R3), which are operated electrically in parallel and each heating element (R1/R2/R3) is separately supplied with a controlled operating current (I1/I2/I3) for adjusting its heating power. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating system for such a fluid line system (1), in particular for the application of the method according to the present invention. The heating system has heating elements (R1-R3) which are electrically connected in parallel and are each connected to a separate control element (T1, T2, T3). Each heating element (R1/R2/R3) can be controlled via its associated control element (T1, T2, T3) for the individual adjustment of its heating power.

Abstract: A heatable luminaire cover is described. The heatable luminaire cover has a polymeric main body, a first busbar, a second busbar and at least two conductor tracks on the inside of the polymeric main body.

Abstract: When a seat heater and a planar electric heater on a surface of an interior member are used in parallel, the seat heater and the planar electric heater cannot be heated sufficiently due to a limitation on an electric capacity of a vehicle, and in particular, in a vehicle having good engine efficiency, heating of an interior of a passenger compartment by air conditioning utilizing hot air generated by heat expelled from an engine is not sufficient, whereby there sometimes occurs a situation where occupants feel cold. A heating device 2 is provided in a side door panel 1 of a vehicle and a seat heater is made to be heated mainly at an initial stage of heating after an occupant gets in the vehicle, whereas the heating device 2 is made to be heated after a predetermined period of time elapses, whereby the body of the occupant can be warmed quickly and efficiently without making the occupant feel cold physically.

Abstract: An improved heating element, comprising: (a) an electrically insulated resistive heating wire; (b) a flexible substrate that supports the electrically insulated resistive wire: (c) one or more electrical connection for an operational component of the heating element, the electrical connection including at least two wires that are joined together; (d) a spacer controlling spacing between the at least two wires approaching the electrical connection; wherein at least a portion of the electrical connection including the spacer is encapsulated in a shrunken heat shrinkable sheath that includes at least one mass of hot melt adhesive within the sheath so that the electrical connection is insulated from fluid penetration.

Abstract: An electric heater, and an apparatus, a heating and air conditioning system and a vehicle, each comprising the electric heater, are provided. The electric heater comprises an outer frame; a heating core configured to connect to a power source and disposed within the outer frame; and a sealing-waterproof glue member disposed within the outer frame and configured to encase at least one end of the heating core. The heating core further comprises: a plurality of heat dissipating components and heating components arranged alternately, and each of the heat dissipating component is coupled with a heating component via a thermal conductor. Each of the heating components further comprises a core tube and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor disposed in the core tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to an accessory for wiper of motor vehicle comprising at least one heating channel (16; 16a, 16b) for receiving a heating element of the wiper, characterized in that said accessory (6; 10; 26) is made of a first part (17; 27) movable with respect to a second part (18; 28) in order to open said at least one heating channel (16; 16a, 16b) longitudinally. This invention also relates to a wiper of motor vehicle comprising such accessory.

Abstract: A heating system for an aircraft or spacecraft with a control device which includes at least one power line data transmission transceiver and one sensor controller, and at least one remote component which has a sensor element and a heating element, the at least one power line data transmission transceiver being connected to the at least one remote component via a connecting cable, the control device being designed to supply the at least one heating element with power via the connecting cable and the sensor controller being designed to exchange first control signals with the sensor element via the connecting cable.

Abstract: A heatable current collector for establishing an electrical contact between a current carrying line and an electric vehicle includes a lifting mechanism, a sliding contact rail, a rod, an electrical resistance heating conductor and a resilient hose. The rail is mounted on the lifting mechanism and has a longitudinal hole disposed perpendicular to the current carrying line. The electrical resistance heating conductor is disposed in grooves of an outer threading of the rod. One end of the resilient hose is sealed off and is connected to an end of the rod. The rod, the electrical resistance heating conductor and the resilient hose are disposed in the hole. The resilient hose presses the rod and the electrical resistance heating conductor against an inside surface of the hole. The hole is formed so close beneath a surface of the rail that a section of the hole forms a slit in the surface.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a polymer thick film positive temperature coefficient carbon resistor composition consisting essentially of; (a) organic medium consisting of: (i) a fluoropolymer resin consisting of a copolymer of vinylidene difluoride and hexafluoropropylene; and (ii) an organic solvent consisting of triethyl phosphate; and (b) conductive carbon powder. The composition may be processed at a time and temperature necessary to remove all solvent. The invention is further directed to positive temperature coefficient (PTC) circuits comprising the composition of the invention which has been dried to remove the solvent and to articles, e.g., mirror heaters and seat heaters, containing such PTC circuits as well as a method for making such PTC circuits.

Abstract: A vehicle cabin heating system is provided basically with an infrared heater, a temperature sensor and a controller. The infrared heater is aimed to heat a target surface in front of the infrared heater within a vehicle cabin interior space. The temperature sensor is disposed in front of the first infrared heater to detect a measured temperature in front of the first infrared heater. The controller is operatively coupled to the first infrared heater to selectively operate the first infrared heater to a target surface temperature within the vehicle cabin interior space whenever an estimated surface temperature of a target surface is determined based on the measured temperature by the temperature sensor falls below a prescribed temperature range below the target surface temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heater for an automotive vehicle or other article of manufacture. The heater typically includes a first conductive medium and a second conductive medium disposed upon a carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the first conductive medium includes a first section and a second section that are electrically connected by a second conductive medium. The second conductive medium preferably exhibits a positive thermal coefficient.

Abstract: A passenger compartment with an air distribution system for a means of transport and a method for regulating an air outlet temperature of an air distribution system in a passenger compartment of a means of transport are provided. In this arrangement the passenger compartment comprises a multitude of temperature zones in each case with several temperature regions with different heat loads. The air distribution system is designed to calculate the heating energy for a heating element in such a manner that the temperature in the entire temperature zone is as uniform as possible.

Abstract: A deicing device for propfan-type aircraft propulsion unit blades, wherein the propulsion unit includes a turbomachine that drives in rotation at least one rotor including a plurality of blades arranged around an annular crown moving with the blades, which forms with its outer wall part of the outer envelope of the propulsion unit, the outer envelope being subjected to atmospheric conditions outside the propulsion unit, the turbomachine generating a flow of hot gases that exit via an annular hot vein, which is concentric with the moving annular crown, and defined for part of its surface by an inner wall of the moving annular crown. The deicing device includes: a mechanism transforming thermal energy into electrical energy, within the moving annular part; a mechanism transferring the generated electrical energy towards the rotor blades; and a mechanism transforming the electrical energy into thermal energy onto at least a part of the surface of the blades.

Abstract: A portable work apparatus has a combustion engine for driving a work tool. An air/fuel mixture is supplied to the engine via a carburetor which is provided with an electrical heating element for heating to a given temperature. The heating element is connected to a switch via which electrical energy, which is provided by a generator driven by the engine, is supplied. When a given temperature is exceeded, the switch interrupts the energy supply. To achieve an exact temperature control, the ohmic resistance value of the heating element is stored in a memory in dependence on the temperature. The current flowing through the heating element and the voltage drop at the heating element are measured and the instantaneous resistance of the heating element is calculated therefrom. This calculated value is compared to the value stored in the memory to open or close the switch in dependence on the comparison.

Abstract: A heater assembly used in connection with a diesel emissions fluid tank in a vehicle, the heater assembly including a first heater connectable to an alternating current power supply; a second heater connectable to a direct current power supply within the vehicle; wherein the first heater is adapted to operate at a higher power than the second heater; wherein the first heater is closer to the tank than the second heater; a temperature sensor in sensing communication with the tank and adapted to provide a tank temperature; a control circuit connected to the second heater and the vehicle power supply, wherein the temperature sensor communicates the tank temperature to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit selectively activates the second heater to obtain a desired tank temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible transparent heating element using graphene and a method for manufacturing the same. The heating element comprises a flexible transparent substrate; a graphene layer formed to at least one side of the flexible transparent substrate; and an electrode connected with the graphene layer.

Abstract: An electrothermal heater mat (3) is provided for an ice protection system for an aircraft (1) or the like. The heater mat (3) is a laminated heater mat and comprises dielectric layers (50-58), a heater element (501) and a temperature sensor (507). Each dielectric layer (50-58) comprises thermoplastic material, and the temperature sensor (507) comprises a sprayed metal track (5010, 5012) deposited on a substrate (50, 5019) comprising thermoplastic material. The substrate may be one of the dielectric layers (50) or a separate carrier (5019) which is smaller than the dielectric layers (50-58).

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating device with cathode oxygen depletion (COD) function for a fuel cell vehicle, in which an existing COD and a heating device for improving cold startability of the fuel cell vehicle are integrated. For this purpose, the present invention provides a heating device with COD function for a fuel cell vehicle, the heating device including: a housing having an inlet and an outlet formed on both ends thereof; a start-up heater and a shut-down heater provided in parallel on one side of the housing in a direction perpendicular to a coolant flow direction; and a plurality of heaters for heating coolant provided in parallel on the other side of the housing in a direction perpendicular to the coolant flow direction, wherein cross sections in the coolant flow direction of each of the respective heaters change periodically along the longitudinal direction of the heater so as to cause a flow disturbance.

Abstract: A structural substrate for an aircraft structure and methods are presented. A multi-layer hybrid composite material comprises an outermost layer, an intermediate layer, and an innermost layer. The outermost layer comprises an electrically conductive metal matrix composite that conducts electricity to provide electric heating. The intermediate layer comprises an electrical insulator coupled to the outermost layer. The innermost layer comprises a composite coupled to the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer electrically insulates the outermost layer from the innermost layer.

Abstract: An electric heating device for a motor vehicle includes at least one PTC heating element with contact metal sheets extending substantially parallel to one another and accommodating between them at least one PTC element, and a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has formed therein at least one opening through which a contact tongue projects. The contact tongue serves to establish an electric connection between the PTC heating element and the printed circuit board. For providing an electric heating device having a compact structural design, a punched-out connection piece connected to a conductor path of the printed circuit board in an electrically conductive manner. The connection piece defines a fixing portion which rests on the printed circuit board, and also defines and at least one spring tongue projecting into the opening.

Abstract: A steering wheel is provided and may include an armature having a rim and a coating at least partially surrounding the rim. A pair of electrodes may be respectively disposed within a pair of grooves formed in the coating. A polymer paint may be disposed on the coating and may include a plurality of carbon filaments that receive voltage from at least one of the pair of electrodes to selectively generate heat.

Abstract: A system for removing frozen precipitation that has accumulated on an upper exterior surface of a road vehicle. In an embodiment, the system includes a hydrophobic and/or low friction sheet attached to an upper exterior surface of the road vehicle. The system may further include a heating array attached to the surface and a power source.

Abstract: A radiant heat raised access floor panel is provided. The panel includes a panel core. The core has four corner portions, four lateral edge portions, an upper load bearing surface, a lower plenum surface, a heating element, and an electrical connector in the lower surface adapted to connect to a pedestal head of a raised floor pedestal support system. A power and control circuit is in electrical communication with said connector and is adapted to variably and radiantly heat a predetermined lower occupied zone of an underfloor air distribution system.

Abstract: A system for generating radiant heat in a transit vehicle includes at least one floor panel having at least one heating element disposed therein, and a power switch operably disposed intermediate a power supply source and the heating element for selectively providing and discontinuing a supply of a predetermined power generated by such power supply source to and from such at least one heating element.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a heating substrate equipped with a conductive thin film and electrodes. The heating substrate includes a transparent substrate, a plurality of electrodes formed on a first face of the substrate, and a conductive thin film formed on the first face of the substrate and including a plurality of regions electrically connected each other in parallel by the plurality of electrodes. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a heating substrate equipped with a conductive thin film and electrodes according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes forming the conductive thin film on a substrate, forming main electrodes so as to extend on the substrate while being adjacent to edges of the conductive thin film, and forming branched electrodes that are extended from the conductive thin film across one side of the conductive thin film while coming in contact with the conductive thin film.

Abstract: An electrically heatable honeycomb body has cavities through which a fluid can flow and contains at least one power distribution structure. The power distribution structure can be connected to a power source via a power feed line. At least one of the power feed line and the power distribution structure contains at least one closed-loop control element made of a material with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) which can be placed at least in thermal contact with a fluid flowing through the honeycomb body. The electrically heatable honeycomb body permits, through the formation of a self-regulating closed-loop control element made for example from the PTC material, the implementation of a simple measure for performing closed-loop control on the heating power of the electrically heatable honeycomb body since the rest of the open-loop control or closed-loop control electronics can be significantly simplified or can even be dispensed with.

Abstract: A charger includes a charging cable and a charging connector. A heater is configured to heat the charging connector using electric power supplied through the charging cable. A state determining device is configured to detect a charge state of a vehicle-mounted battery and to determine whether a heating condition to heat the charging connector is met. A heating controller is configured to control heating performed by the heater based on a determination made by the state determining device. The heater is able to be switched into a post-charge heating state in which the heater heats the charging connector after completion of charging of the vehicle-mounted battery. The heating controller switches the heater into the post-charge heating state and controls heating performed by the heater when the state determining device detects that charging of the vehicle-mounted battery is completed and determines that a heating condition is met.