Abstract: A heated seat (302) comprising: a cushion with one or more trench (30) areas; a heater (300) comprising: a carrier (2) with a periphery, the carrier (2) further including: a first electrically functional layer (4) that is made of a conductive material that substantially circumscribes at least a portion of the carrier (2); and a second electrically functional layer (8) that is made of a resistive material; one or more electrical conductors {12} attached to the first electrically functional layer; a trim layer (40) that covers the cushion when the heater is placed over the cushion, and wherein the periphery includes a first side edge (18) and a second side edge (20), and each side edge includes a cutout (26), and the cutouts are located adjacent to each other—forming a neck portion (28); wherein the heater is attached to the cushion by placing an attachment device (32) over the neck portion (28) of the heater and securing one or both ends of the attachment, device (32) to the cushion so that the neck portion (2

Abstract: A heatable side window assembly for an automobile, wherein the automobile includes a sideview mirror mounted generally adjacent the heatable side window assembly. The heatable side window assembly includes a glass sheet having an interior surface and an exterior surface and one or more continuous, electrical conductor strips mounted to the interior surface of the glass sheet. The conductor strip outputs radiant heat in response to an electrical current flow therethrough. The conductor strip is positioned such that it generally bounds, but does not enter, an area defined by an operator's line of sight to the sideview mirror of the vehicle. A pair of conductor pads are electrically coupled to the ends of the conductor strip. A switch is provided for selectively outputting a control signal and a controller is electrically coupled between a power supply and the pair of conductor pads.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat heating element in particular for heating surfaces in contact with the user in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one electrical conductor. According to the invention, the electrical conductivity of at least one of these electrical conductors is at least temporarily reduced if the temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a layered heat exchanger that can prevent deterioration of sealing property due to deformation of sealing portions of inlet and outlet header sections when a PTC heater is sandwiched between flat heat exchanger tubes, and is pressed to be brought into close contact with the flat heat exchanger tubes, and a heat medium heating apparatus and a vehicle air-conditioning apparatus using the layered heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heated wiper blade for motor vehicles includes an elongated flexible beam and a heating element extending along the beam. The heating element may be configured to provide increased heat at the central portion of the blade and at the opposite ends of the blade. The heating element is comprised of an electrical conductor material that varies the amperage drawn between hot and cold ambient temperature operation. The flexible beam may include curved end portions and a flat or reduced curvature central portion. The heating element is preferably covered and sealed off to prevent loss of heat energy.

Abstract: A heating device for a seat exhibiting excellent durability, reliability, safety and enhanced workability in fixing work to a seat while reducing the cost and weight and ensuring comfortable feeling at seating without causing a strange feeling. The heating device for a seat comprises a heating matter (4) including a base substance (2) and a heating wire (3) arranged on the base substance, a temperature detection element (5) for detecting temperature of the heating matter, and a temperature control circuit (1) for controlling temperature of the heating matter based on the output from the temperature detection element, characterized in that the temperature detection element and the temperature control circuit are arranged at predetermined positions on the base substance. The temperature control circuit is insulation-covered together with a part of lead wires connected to the temperature control circuit.

Abstract: An adaptive heating apparatus for heating a recreational vehicle, including a first heat unit configured to be powered by a first energy type, a second heat unit configured to be powered by a second energy type that is different than the first energy type, and a forced-air circulation unit. The adaptive heating apparatus is operable to employ the first heat unit during a first heating operation, or alternatively to employ the second heat unit during a second heating operation. The forced-air circulation unit is configured to circulate air through the both heat units during the first heating operation and to circulate air through both heating units during the second heating operation.

Abstract: A Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) rod assembly and a preheater incorporating the same. The PTC rod assembly includes a negative terminal and a positive terminal coupled with opposite surfaces of a PTC rod, the negative and positive terminals being spaced apart from and parallel to each other; a PTC element interposed between and being in electrical contact with the negative and positive terminals, an insulating film adhered to exposed portions of the negative and positive terminals, which are coupled with the PTC rod, and a PTC rod housing. The PTC rod housing stores the PTC rod therein, the negative and positive terminals and the PTC element coupled with the PTC rod, and the insulating film adhered to the PTC rod. The PTC rod assembly is used stably even when a high voltage is applied thereto. A short circuit is prevented from occurring between the two terminals due to contact.

Abstract: A heater for heating air passing through a conduit to an aircraft cabin includes a first support ring in the conduit, defining an air passage there through. A plurality of serpentine heating elements is provided, with each heating element extending across the air passage and being supported at both sides of the air passage by the support ring. The serpentine heating elements are generally parallel to each other and evenly spaced in the air passage. A power supply supplies electrical current to the heating elements such that air passing through the air passage is heated by the heating elements. The heating elements may are non-planar, wavy, corrugated in shape, permitting them to be supported only at their side edges.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a consumer appliance that uses RF energy to heat foods stored in a container that is suitable for RF heating.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a motor vehicle includes a frame that has openings formed on oppositely situated sides for the passage of a medium to be heated, a layer structure, arranged in the frame, and a connecting housing. The layer structure comprises layers of corrugated-rib elements and heat generating elements, and each heat generating element has at least one PTC element arranged between parallel contact plates. At least one power dissipation generating power switch is provided in the connecting housing. A heat sink lies exposed on the outside of the connecting housing. Improved and adequate cooling of the electrical heating device having the power switch is created as a result of the insertion of the heat sink into the connecting housing in a sealing manner.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a motor vehicle includes a frame in which is accommodated a layer structure with corrugated-rib elements and heat generating elements. Each heat generating element includes a positional frame which forms a receptacle in which a PTC element is accommodated, and which includes contact plates abutting on two oppositely situated sides of the PTC element. The heat generating element is formed such that the receptacle is sealed and is accessible through at least one inspection channel that is accessible from the outside. The electrical heating device has a sleeve receptacle which is adapted for the sealing accommodation of a connection piece that protrudes from the heat generating element. Also disclosed is a method for the manufacture of an electrical heating device in which the sealing of the heat generating elements is checked.

Abstract: A heat generating element for an electrical heating device of a motor vehicle includes a positional frame which forms a receptacle in which a PTC element is accommodated, and two contact plates abutting on oppositely situated sides of the PTC element. A heat generating element has a sheet metal cover that is connected to the positional frame. Also provided are a frame, which has oppositely situated side openings for the passage of a medium to be heated, and a layer structure, which is arranged in the frame and which comprises layers of corrugated-rib and heat generating elements, such that the heat generating element has at least one PTC element arranged between two parallel contact plates. The electrical heating device is protected against EMC via sheet metal covers that are arranged on both sides of the heat generating element and between the corrugated-rib elements and the contact plates.

Abstract: A sensor or camera assembly for a vehicle comprises a housing that is mountable to a vehicle component. The sensor or camera is located within the housing and has an exterior facing surface. A defrost element is located proximate to the sensor or camera and is electrically connectable to a defrost system. The defrost element is arranged to defrost the surface of the sensor or camera. A nozzle is located proximate to the sensor or camera and is fluidly connectable to a washer system for the vehicle. The nozzle is arranged to direct a fluid from the washer system over the surface of the sensor or camera. Therefore, the camera or sensor cleaning system minimizes any reduction in effectiveness and efficiency of the sensor by use of the clean or defrost feature. Maintaining effectiveness and efficiency of the sensor provides a key improvement in safety for the vehicle.

Abstract: A heater control unit controls electric power supplied to a heater provided in a seat. The heater control unit includes an outside air temperature measuring portion that measures an outside air temperature, a seat surface temperature measuring portion that measures a surface temperature of the seat, and a control portion. The control portion controls a time for which an initial electric power larger than an electric power in a steady state after the initial state is output to the heater, according to the measured outside air temperature and the measured seat surface temperature in an initial state immediately after the heater is activated.

Abstract: A system for effectively defrosting a plastic window includes a transparent plastic panel, a heater grid having a plurality of grid lines that are integrally formed with the plastic panel, and equalizing means for equalizing the electrical current traveling through each of the grid lines.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle cabin heating system includes setting a target temperature for a vehicle cabin interior space. The method also includes measuring current temperature within the vehicle cabin interior space at a location spaced apart from a first infrared heater and spaced apart from a target surface within the vehicle cabin interior space, the first infrared heater being aimed to heat the target surface. A surface temperature of the target surface is estimated based the current temperature. The first infrared heater is controlled such that the heater is turned on in response to the estimated surface temperature of the target surface falling below the target temperature by a predetermined amount, and the heater is turned off in response to the estimated surface temperature rising above the target temperature by the predetermined amount.

Abstract: A heating element for use with a mirror element is provided that includes a heating-element substrate, electrical terminals on the substrate configured to receive electrical power from a power source, and at least one heating zone defined by an electrically-conductive trace disposed on the spatially-continuous heating-element substrate in electrical connection with the electrical terminals, wherein an indicia portion of at least one heating zone includes a diagram represented by the electrically-conductive trace.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a wiper blade with heating elements embedded therein and coupled to a wiper arm of a vehicle to wipe a glass surface while moving together with the wiper arm. The method includes: detecting the operation or not of an engine of a vehicle; detecting the external temperature outside of the vehicle; and automatically supplying power to the heating elements based on the detected information on the operation of the engine and the temperature information. A wiper blade with heating elements capable of optimally maintaining a condition of the wiper blade even when the external temperature is low is also provided.

Abstract: A thermally regulated electrical deicing apparatus with a flexible cover portion is mounted to an exterior surface of a vehicular windshield; the flexible cover portion includes an electrical deicing element with either a resistance element heat tape or a serpentine woven heating element directed therethrough in electrical communication with an alternating current power supply. A thermistor effects selective heating in the heating element. The electrical deicing element further includes a male alternating current electrical plug conducting current to the heating element through an electrical power supply line, wherein the thermistor is interposed between the male alternating current plug and the heating element, and controls the current conducted to the heating element; and a female alternating current electrical plug attached to the power supply line, which provides a connection means for a second thermally regulated electrical deicing apparatus.

Abstract: A heat pad assembly for installation and/or removal of a bracket from a structure comprises a heating element. The heat pad assembly may have at least one and, more preferably, a plurality of perforations formed therein. The heating element may be configured to generate heat upon the application of electrical current passing therethrough. The heat pad assembly may be used for temporary installation of a bracket to a mounting surface through the use of an adhesive which is installable between the bracket and the structure.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing system for a heating element comprises a capacitive detector connectable to the heating element and a common mode choke for connecting the heating element with a heating current supply. The detector drives an alternating current into the heating element and produces an output depending on the capacitive load, which the alternating current is subject to. Depending on the object sensed, the load varies in a range between a minimum and a maximum value. The choke represents an inductive load in parallel of the capacitive load. The capacitive load and the inductive load contribute to a complex impedance dominated by the inductive load. A compensation capacitor arranged parallel to the choke represents an additional capacitive load also contributing to the complex impedance. The compensation capacitor is dimensioned such that the sum of additional capacitive load and maximum value amounts to at least 50% of the inductive load.

Abstract: A transportable heating assembly for converting a fluid bearing structure on a vehicle into a heatable fluid bearing structure is provided with a relay system for receiving power and distributing electrical currents, a power system for supplying power to the relay system, and at least one heating cable for receiving electrical currents distributed from the relay system.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing system for being connected to a heating element comprises a capacitive detector connectable to the heating element and a common mode choke for essentially preventing alternating current from flowing from the heating element to the heating current supply. The capacitive detector is configured for driving an alternating current into the heating element and for producing an output indicative of capacitance based upon the alternating current. The choke has a first and a second winding for connecting the heating element with the heating current supply. The choke comprises a third winding connected in parallel of the first and/or second winding. The capacitive detector is configured for measuring a portion of the alternating current flowing across the third winding and for taking into account the measured portion of alternating current when producing the output.

Abstract: An electric auxiliary heating unit for a motor vehicle reliably avoids temperature overshoots of the heated air, especially during acceleration phases of the vehicle. The temperature of adjustment the discharged hot air is adjusted in dependence upon the vehicle speed. This is preferably done via a stored characteristic field via which a plurality of vehicle parameters, such as the vehicle speed, the opening condition of the convertible top, the outside temperature, etc., can easily be taken into account. The temperature of the incoming air can also be derived from temperature values which are already available in the vehicle. This heating can preferably be used locally in the vehicle, e.g. in the vehicle seat or in the rear of the passenger compartment. Temperature fluctuations in the heated air can be avoided reliably and easily even in the case of dynamically varying operating conditions of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A powertrain/driveline warm-up system includes a vehicle controller, an electrical power source interfacing with the vehicle controller, at least one heater interfacing with the vehicle controller and at least a portion of a vehicle powertrain provided in thermal contact with the at least one heater.

Abstract: Systems to apply heat to an aircraft surface are disclosed. In some embodiments, heaters are embedded in a composite structure of an aircraft. In one embodiment, a composite aircraft structure comprises a base comprising a plurality of resin impregnated plies, a heating layer adjacent the base, wherein the heating layer comprises at least one heater, an adhesive layer adjacent the heating layer, a lightning protection layer adjacent the heating layer, and an exterior surface layer adjacent the lightning protection layer. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: A heater comprising: at least one carrier comprising: a first electrically functional layer disposed on the carrier; a second electrically functional layer disposed on the carrier and in contact with the first electrically functional layer; and one or more electrical conductors connected to the first electrically functional layers for applying power to the heater; wherein the heater includes one or more of the following features: (1) heating around the through holes in the heater (2) variable widths of the electrically functional layers so that the current density in the heating regions is constant; (3) multiple discrete carriers that are electrically connected; and (4) split buss bars that provide an equal current density around the through holes and to the heating regions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical device for melting snow and ice that has accumulated on the surface of a vehicle. During inclement weather, snow, sleet, rain or hail accumulate on all exposed surfaces of the automobile, in particular on the flat surfaces, such as on the roof, the hood, the trunk, or a truck bed of a vehicle. These areas of snow coverage are relatively large and significantly high off the ground, presenting a challenge to clean in terms of time and effort. Frequently, the owners of the vehicles need to use their automobiles early in the morning, when snow or ice that has accumulated over night is at its hardest. Since it is unsafe, and sometimes unlawful, to operate a vehicle that has not been properly snow dusted and deiced, cleaning must be effectuated before a vehicle can be driven on the roads.

Abstract: An electrical heating device, includes a housing in which at least one heat generating element with at least one PTC element and electrical strip conductors abutting oppositely situated lateral faces of the PTC element and a plurality of heat dissipating elements arranged in parallel layers are accommodated. The heat dissipating elements are held abutted on oppositely situated sides of the heat generating element, with the intermediate positioning of an electrical insulation. In order to be capable of improved high voltage operation, at least one conducting element electrically connects together a plurality of heat dissipating elements.

Abstract: A heat generating element for heating air in an electric auxiliary heater of a motor vehicle includes at least one PTC heating element and an insulating housing surrounding the PTC heating element as well as electric strip conductors lying against the PTC heating element at opposite sides. The housing is embodied in two parts with a housing shell element and a shell counter element which are lying against each other with the interposition of a sealing strip and sealingly surround the at least one PTC heating element. The present invention further relates to an electric auxiliary heater for a motor vehicle with a layer composition held in a frame, comprising the at least one heat generating element.

Abstract: An electrical heating device, which includes a housing, in which at least one heat generating element with at least one PTC element and electrical strip conductors abutting oppositely situated lateral faces of the PTC element and a plurality of heat dissipating elements arranged in parallel layers are accommodated, which are held abutted on oppositely situated sides of the heat generating element. An electrical heating device according to the invention and which fulfils the practical requirements, in particular with high voltage operation in an improved manner has at least one heat dissipating element which is situated, with the intermediate positioning of an electrically insulating layer, on the assigned heat generating element and can be electrically connected to a ground potential.

Abstract: A heat-generating element includes at least one PTC heating element and an insulating housing enclosing the PTC heating element, as well as electric conductors whose inner surfaces are in contact with opposed sides of the PTC heating element. The respective outer surfaces of the electric conductors are covered by an insulating layer comprising at least two interconnected plastic sheets and fixedly connected to the housing. In another aspect, a heating device includes a plurality of heat-generating elements can comprise at least one PTC element and electric conductors that contact opposed lateral surfaces of the PTC element, and heat-emitting elements arranged in parallel layers in contact with opposed sides of the heat-generating element. The heating device has heat-emitting elements which are in contact with opposed sides of the heat-generating element via an interposed insulating layer comprising at least two interconnected plastic sheets.

Abstract: A wiper assembly having a wiper with an inductively heatable portion, and an induction heating device including an induction work coil which is configured to be placed near the wiper to inductively heat the inductively heatable portion. The inductively heatable portion may be in the wiper blade, the wiper arm which supports the blade, or both. The induction work coil may be placed on or near the windshield or other surface which is cleaned by the wiper and may heat the wiper regardless of its position or only when the wiper is at a specific location such as its retracted “rest” position. The wiper assembly may also include a temperature sensor for sensing a current temperature of the wiper and control circuitry associated with the induction heating device for controlling operation of the work coil.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrical cartridge heater (1) with supply cable (7), wherein the cartridge heater (1) comprises a metal jacket (2), in which at least one electrical conductor (3) is arranged in an insulated fashion, which conductor is connected with a metal terminal pin (6) protruding from the jacket (2), wherein the supply cable (7) is exposed at an end region, is enclosed in the exposed region by a housing, wherein the housing encloses a contact bush (10) fixed at the free end of the supply cable (7), into which contact bush the terminal pin (6) can be inserted or is inserted, wherein finally the housing is connected or can be connected immediately detachably with the cartridge heater (1), which while keeping the advantage of the easy exchangeability of the cartridge heater without supply cable, secures a simplified manufacture, a safe assembly and a high tightness against environmental influences such as hydraulic oil, splash or surge water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wiper arm/wiper blade connection between a wiper blade (3, 3a, 3b) and a wiper arm (1) of a windscreen wiper installation for vehicles, comprising a wiper blade adapter (4) which is mounted on the wiper blade for detachably fastening the wiper blade to the wiper arm. The wiper blade is designed as a flat wiper blade and comprises at least one nozzle opening (11.1, 12.1) and/or at least one spray or distribution channel (11, 12) having nozzle openings for applying a cleaning or washing liquid to a vehicle screen on at least one wiper blade longitudinal side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric heater apparatus including a switch control part for controlling a switching part according to a control command of an air-conditioner controlling part; the switching part switched according to a switching control signal of the switch control part for supplying electric power of the power supply part from a heating part; and the heating part for receiving the electric power of the switching part and generating heat, wherein the switching part includes a plurality of switching modules set to control an output load of the heating part, and the switch control part operates one or more switching modules in serial order according to a target heating temperature.

Abstract: A cigar lighter has a heating element and a movable knob biased by a spring. The heating element has a first electrical terminal in contact with a first contact element disposed around the perimeter of the heating element and a second centrally located terminal in contact with a centrally disposed fastener. A bimetal element is in contact with the second terminal of the heating element and has two engaging clips. A movable contact moves with the knob and has a first position wherein it does not engage the clips and the heating element is unenergized and a second position wherein it engages the clips to energize the heating element.

Abstract: Provided is a heat-transfer-medium heating apparatus including: a first heat-transfer-medium circulating box and a second heat-transfer-medium circulating box, which are attached to each other in a fluid-tight manner, in which heat-transfer-medium circulating paths are formed therein in close contact with both surfaces of a PTC heater; an electrical-component cooling wall member that is provided in, for example, the first heat-transfer-medium circulating box so as to be located adjacent to the heat-transfer-medium circulating path; and an electrical component that is fixed on the electrical-component cooling wall member, wherein a protruding portion is formed on the surface at the heat-transfer-medium circulating path side of the electrical-component cooling wall member so as to be positioned at exactly behind an installation position of the electrical component and to extend towards the heat-transfer-medium circulating path.

Abstract: A vehicle radiant heating control system is provided that comprises a radiant heating element, a power source and a controller. The power source is operatively connected to the radiant heating element. The controller operatively controls the radiant heating element and the power source. The controller operates the radiant heating element by intermittently supplying power generated by the power source to the radiant heating element.

Abstract: A windshield heater for heating the bottom section of a vehicle windshield includes a heating element located proximate the windshield selectively energized by direct current from the electrical circuit of the vehicle. The heater may be a heating element directly adhered to the windshield. Alternatively, the heater may include a sleeve enveloping the length of the heating element and a corresponding length of compressible material to lodge the heater between the windshield and the adjacent section of a dashboard to place the heating element proximate the windshield.

Abstract: A ceramic joining unit, ceramic heater and gas sensor, the ceramic joining unit including: a ceramic base member; an electrode pad provided on a surface of the ceramic base member; a coupling terminal; and a joining portion, wherein the electrode pad includes: a first layer in contact with the ceramic base member; and a second layer laminated on a surface of the first layer and in contact with the joining portion, wherein each of the first and second layers contains a ceramic material as a main component, a content of the ceramic material in the first layer is greater than that of the second layer, and a contour of the first layer is located outside of a contour of the second layer at an entire periphery of the first layer.

Abstract: An electric heater, comprises a heating block held in a housing and including parallel layers of heat-emitting and heat generating elements. A grid arrangement covers the respective frame apertures in the housing and reinforces the housing. First struts of the grid arrangement, extending at right angles with respect to the layers, are assigned to the housing, and second struts extending parallel with respect to the layers are defined by the heating block. Moreover, a heat generating element of an electric heater, comprises a position frame made of an insulating material and defining receptacles arranged side by side each for at least one PTC heating element. The receptacles are arranged between conductor paths against which the PTC heating elements are placed in an electrically conductive manner.

Abstract: A vehicular rearview assembly with a heating element. The heating element is affixed behind and in thermal communication with the mirror element of the assembly. The heating element includes a plurality of heating zones that operate in alternation according to a pre-determined time-sequence. A peripheral area of the mirror element is heated up to at least as high a temperature as an inner area of the mirror element. Switching the heating zones on and off so as to have only one heating zone on at a time is determined by a controlling circuitry at least a portion of which may be separated from the assembly and disposed in a different part of the vehicle.

Abstract: A variable reflectance mirror reflective element assembly for an exterior mirror assembly includes a heater pad disposed at the fourth surface of the rear substrate. The heater pad includes a first connector that electrically connects with the transparent electrically conductive coating disposed at the second surface of the front substrate, and a second connector that electrically connects with the metallic electrically conductive coating disposed at the third surface of the rear substrate. The heater pad includes third and fourth connectors that provide, at least in part, electrical conductive connection with a heating element. The connectors are part of a unitary multi-pin connector that is configured to connect with a corresponding wire harness connector to provide electrical power to the heating element and to the transparent electrically conductive coating and the metallic electrically conductive coating of the reflective element when the exterior minor assembly is mounted at the vehicle.

Abstract: A heating accessory system for a vehicle comprising: a heating unit, where said heating unit is placed in a duct of an existing heating system; a power inverter/transformer, where the power inverter/transformer supplies power to the heating unit; and a power source, where the power source sends power to the power inverter/transformer. The heating unit may include a series of wired coils wrapped with insulating materials.

Abstract: An on-vehicle heater according to the invention includes: a heating body unit including a heater element; an electrode member overlapped in contact with the heater element; an insulating sheet enveloping the heater element and the electrode member; and a tube housing the heater element and the electrode member enveloped in the insulating sheet; a radiator unit stacked on the heating body unit; and a cap mounted on an end portion of the heating body unit, the electrode member having a terminal portion being led out of the tube from an end opening of the tube, bent to pass through the cap, and led out of the cap.

Abstract: An electrically heated towel rack including two parallel retractable arms (1,1?) and an electric heating board (2) is provided. Each of the retractable arms has a fixed portion (12) and a retractable portion (14). A connecting member (11) is disposed at one end of the fixed portion (12) for connecting the fixed portion (12) and a wall (3). The electric heating board (2) is rotatably disposed between the two retractable arms (1,1?) and supported by two support members (13), the support members (13) being respectively disposed on inner sides of the retractable portions (14) of the two retractable arms (1,1?). The electric heating board (2) can be an electric glass board. The distance between the electric heating board (2) and the wall (3) can be adjusted by pushing or pulling the retractable portions (14). Alternatively, the electric heating board (2) can be rotated to a vertical position.

Abstract: A wiper blade is provided capable of wiping a windshield of a vehicle in a suitable operating condition even in a cold winter season. The wiper blade includes a wiper strip configured to contact and wipe a glass surface of the windshield, a frame coupled to the wiper strip, an adapter disposed at a center of the frame and configured to be joined to the wiper arm, and a heating unit attached to the frame to heat the wiper blade. The heating unit includes a power source and a heating element heated by power supplied from the power source.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a rear window and a defroster assembly including heating lines extending across the rear window. A protective barrier at least partially covers the heating lines. The protective barrier includes a film that provides a barrier between the heating lines and sulfur gases generated by components of the vehicle.