Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel charging controlled RRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory), and various methods of making such a charging controlled RRAM device. In one example, a device disclosed herein includes a first word line structure formed above a substrate, wherein the first word line structure includes a gate electrode and a nano-crystal containing layer of insulating material, a second word line structure formed above the substrate, wherein the second word line structure comprises a gate electrode and a nano-crystal containing layer of insulating material, a first implant region formed in the substrate proximate the first word line structure, wherein the first implant region defines a first bit line, and a second implant region formed in the substrate proximate the second word line structure, wherein the second implant region defines a second bit line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an RRAM device with free-forming conductive filament(s), and various methods of making such an RRAM device. In one example, a device disclosed herein includes a first electrode, a second electrode positioned above the first electrode and a variable resistance material positioned between the first and second electrodes, wherein the variable resistance material is a metal oxide with a plurality of metal nano-crystals embedded therein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally include a method of forming a nonvolatile memory device that contains a resistive switching memory element that has improved device switching performance and lifetime, due to the addition of a current limiting component disposed therein. The electrical properties of the current limiting component are configured to lower the current flow through the variable resistance layer during the logic state programming steps by adding a fixed series resistance in the resistive switching memory element of the nonvolatile memory device. In one embodiment, the current limiting component comprises a tunnel oxide that is a current limiting material disposed within a resistive switching memory element in a nonvolatile resistive switching memory device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory device includes a first interconnect group, a second interconnect group, and a memory cell. In the first interconnect group, first interconnects are stacked. The first interconnect group includes first regions in which the first interconnects are formed along a first direction, and a second region in which first contact plugs are formed on the first interconnects. In the second region, the first interconnect group includes a step portion. Heights of adjacent terraces of the step portion are different from each other by the two or more first interconnects.

Abstract: A memory array is disclosed having bipolar current-voltage (IV) resistive random access memory cells with built-in “on” state rectifying IV characteristics. In one embodiment, a bipolar switching resistive random access memory cell may have a metal/solid electrolyte/semiconductor stack that forms a Schottky diode when switched to the “on” state. In another embodiment, a bipolar switching resistive random access memory cell may have a metal/solid electrolyte/tunnel barrier/electrode stack that forms a metal-insulator-metal device when switched to the “on” state. Methods of operating the memory array are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device including a metal gate transistor and a resistor are provided. A method includes providing a substrate including a transistor device region and an isolation region, forming a dummy gate over the transistor device region and a resistor over the isolation region, and implanting the resistor with a dopant. The method further includes wet etching the dummy gate to remove the dummy gate, and then forming a metal gate over the transistor device region to replace the dummy gate.

Abstract: Memory cells (e.g., CBRAM cells) include an ion source material over an active material and an electrode comprising metal silicide over the ion source material. The ion source material may include at least one of a chalcogenide material and a metal. Apparatuses, such as systems and devices, include a plurality of such memory cells. Memory cells include an adhesion material of metal silicide between a ion source material and an electrode of elemental metal. Methods of forming a memory cell include forming a first electrode, forming an active material, forming an ion source material, and forming a second electrode including metal silicide over the metal ion source material. Methods of adhering a material including copper and a material including tungsten include forming a tungsten silicide material over a material including copper and treating the materials.

Abstract: A reprocessing method of a semiconductor device, the reprocessing method includes adjusting a resistance value of a first resistor by first trimming the first resistor, wherein the first resistor is electrically connected between a first pad and a second pad, forming a second resistor on the first trimmed first resistor, and adjusting a resistance value of the second resistor by second trimming the second resistor.

Abstract: A resistor array includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of isolation regions, a plurality of dummy active regions and a plurality of unit resistors. The plurality of isolation regions are formed in the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of dummy active regions are formed in the semiconductor substrate between the plurality of isolation regions. The plurality of unit resistors are formed on the plurality of dummy active regions.

Abstract: A resistance variable memory device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; a resistance variable layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and nano particles that are disposed in the resistance variable layer and have a lower dielectric constant than the resistance variable layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a device and a method for forming a precision temperature sensor switch with a Wheatstone bridge configuration of four resistors and a comparator. When the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold, the switch will change states. The four resistors in the Wheatstone bridge have the same resistance, with three of the resistors having a low temperature coefficient of resistance and the fourth resistor having a high temperature coefficient of resistance. As the temperature increases, the resistance of the fourth resistor will change. The change in resistance of the fourth resistor will change a voltage across the bridge. The voltage across the bridge is coupled to the comparator and compares the voltage with the threshold temperature, such that when the threshold temperature is exceeded, the comparator switches the output off.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of fabricating dual trench isolated epitaxial diode array. This method starts with the formation of heavily-doped first conductivity type regions and heavily-doped second conductivity type regions on the substrate, followed by epitaxial growth, then the formation of the isolations between diode array word lines by deep trench etch and the formation of the isolations between bit lines vertical to deep trenches by shallow trench etch, and finally the formation of separate diode array cells in the regions enclosed by deep and shallow trench isolations by ion implantation. This invention also provides a method of preventing the crosstalk current between adjacent word lines and bit lines of epitaxial diode arrays isolated by foregoing dual shallow trenches.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a conductive bridging memory device includes a first wiring layer having a plurality of first wiring portions extending in a first direction, a second wiring layer having a plurality of second wiring portions extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a resistance change layer provided continuously along a plane having the first direction and the second direction between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer. Each of the first wiring portions includes a first wiring extending in the first direction. Each of the second wiring portions includes a second wiring extending in the second direction, and an ion metal layer provided between the second wiring and the resistance change layer and extending in the second direction.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor structure includes forming at least one trench in an insulator layer formed on a substrate. A distance between a bottom edge of the at least one trench and a top surface of a substrate is shorter than a distance between an uppermost surface of the insulator layer and the top surface of the substrate. The method also includes: forming a resistor on the insulator layer and extending into the at least one trench; forming a first contact in contact with the resistor; and forming a second contact in contact with the resistor such that current is configured to flow from the first contact to the second contact through a central portion of the resistor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit. An electrically resistive layer of a material for serving as a thin film resistor (TFR) is deposited. A first electrically insulating layer is deposited on the electrically resistive layer of the TFR. An electrically conductive layer of an electrically conductive material is deposited. An area is left without the conductive layer and the area overlaps the electrically resistive layer of the TFR. A second electrically insulating layer is deposited on top of the conductive layer. A first VIA opening is etched through the second insulating layer, the area without the conductive layer adjacent to the electrically conductive layer and through the first insulating layer down to the electrically resistive layer of the TFR. A conductive material is deposited in the first VIA opening so as to electrically connect the conductive layer and the electrically resistive layer of the TFR.

Abstract: A self-aligning stacked memory cell array structure and method for fabricating such structure. The memory cell array includes a stack of memory cells disposed adjacent to opposing sides of a conductive line that is formed within a trench. The memory cells are stacked such that the memory element surface of each memory cell forms a portion of the sidewall of the conductive line. The conductive line is formed within the trench such that electrical contact is made across the entire memory element surface of each memory cell. Such structure and method for making such structure is a self-aligning process that does not require the use of any additional masks.

Abstract: A resistive memory device capable of improving an integration density is provided. The resistive memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of resistive memory cells configured to be stacked on the semiconductor substrate and insulated from one another, where each of the plurality of resistive memory cells includes a switching transistor and a resistive device layer electrically connected to the switching transistor, a common source line electrically connected to the plurality of stacked resistive memory cells, and a bit line electrically connected to the plurality of stacked resistive memory cells and being insulated from the common source line.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprising a bit line extending in a first direction, a vertical gate cell including a gate oxide layer and a gate metal layer that are formed in a pillar shape, a lower electrode and a data storage material layer formed on the vertical gate cell, and an interconnection layer formed on the data storage material layer.

Abstract: Resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices, and methods of manufacturing the same, include a RRAM device having a switching device, and a storage node connected to the switching device, wherein the storage node includes a first electrode, a metal oxide layer, and a second electrode sequentially stacked. The metal oxide layer contains a semiconductor material element affecting resistance of the storage node.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor structure includes forming an isolation region in a semiconductor substrate; forming a conductive layer over the isolation region; forming a first dielectric layer over the conductive layer; forming a plurality of conductive vias extending through the first dielectric layer to the conductive layer and electrically contacting the conductive layer; forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; and forming a conductive ground plane in the second dielectric layer. Each of the plurality of conductive vias is in electrical contact with the conductive ground plane, and the conductive ground plane includes an opening, wherein the opening is located directly over the conductive layer. At least one interconnect layer may be formed over the second dielectric layer and may include a transmission line which transmits a signal having a frequency of at least 30 gigahertz.

Abstract: A resistive memory device may include a substrate, gate electrode structures, a first impurity region, a second impurity region, a first metal silicide pattern and a second metal silicide pattern. The substrate may have a first region where isolation patterns and first active patterns may be alternately arranged in a first direction, and a second region where linear second active patterns may be extended in the first direction. The gate electrode structures may be arranged between the first region and the second region of the substrate. The first and second impurity regions may be formed in the first and second impurity regions. The first metal silicide pattern may have an isolated shape configured to make contact with an upper surface of the first impurity region. The second metal silicide pattern may make contact with an upper surface of the second impurity region.

Abstract: A memory device includes a plurality of side-wall electrodes formed on a first side-wall of a trench within an insulating layer over a first plurality of contacts in an array of contacts in a substrate. The plurality of side-wall electrodes contact respective top surfaces of the first plurality of contacts. The side-wall electrodes respectively comprise a layer of tantalum nitride, having a composition TaxNy, where y is greater than x, and a layer of electrode material having a lower electrical resistivity and a lower thermal resistivity than the layer of tantalum nitride. Top surfaces of the plurality of side-wall electrodes contact memory material. A second plurality of side-wall electrodes may be formed on a second side-wall of the trench over a second plurality of contacts in the array of contacts.

Abstract: A nonvolatile resistive memory element has a novel variable resistance layer that is passivated with non-metallic dopant atoms, such as nitrogen, either during or after deposition of the switching layer. The presence of the non-metallic dopant atoms in the variable resistance layer enables the switching layer to operate with reduced switching current while maintaining improved data retention properties.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device with a variable resistance element includes a plurality of active areas isolated from one another by an isolation layer formed in a substrate, a plurality of word lines crossing over the plurality of active areas, an auxiliary source line disposed between two selected word lines and commonly connected to at least two active areas among the plurality of active areas between the two selected word lines, and a plurality of contact plugs each connected to a corresponding active area.

Abstract: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used to form a dielectric layer of zirconium oxide for use in a variety of electronic devices. Forming the dielectric layer includes depositing zirconium oxide using atomic layer deposition. A method of atomic layer deposition to produce a metal-rich metal oxide comprises the steps of providing a silicon substrate in a reaction chamber, pulsing a zirconium precursor for a predetermined time to deposit a first layer, and oxidizing the first layer with water vapor to produce the metal-rich metal oxide. The metal-rich metal oxide has superior properties for non-volatile resistive-switching memories.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device made by the method is disclosed. The method comprises forming a buried N+ layer in an upper portion of a P-type substrate; performing ion implantation on the buried N+ layer; annealing the buried N+ layer; forming an epitaxial semiconductor layer on the buried N+ layer through epitaxial deposition, wherein, an upper portion of said epitaxial semiconductor layer and a portion underlying said P+ region of said epitaxial semiconductor layer are doped to form a P+ region and an N? region, respectively. Increasing the ion implant dosage of the BNL layer, adjusting the method of annealing the BNL layer to increase the width of the BNL layer, or increasing the thickness of the EPI layer, reduces the vertical BJT current gain and suppressed the substrate leakage current.

Abstract: In an embodiment a circuit provides an active resistance that is adjusted with temperature, the active resistance has a magnitude and temperature coefficient that is selected by the values of external resistors. The active resistance is controlled by an active resistance controller that uses a temperature dependent source and a temperature stable source to control adjustment of a first adjustable resistance to maintain correspondence between a temperature dependent parameter and a temperature stable parameter, and adjusts a second adjustable resistance that is part of the active resistance in correspondence with adjustment of the first adjustable resistance.

Abstract: A phase change RAM device includes a semiconductor substrate having a phase change cell area and a voltage application area; a first oxide layer, a nitride layer and a second oxide layer sequentially formed on the semiconductor substrate; a first plug formed in the first oxide layer, the nitride layer and the second oxide layer of the phase change cell area; a second plug formed in the first oxide layer and the nitride layer of the voltage application area; a conductive line formed in the second oxide layer; a third oxide layer formed on the second oxide layer; a lower electrode shaped like a plug, the lower electrode being formed so as to directly make contact with the first plug; and a phase change layer and an upper electrode sequentially formed on the lower electrode in a pattern form.

Abstract: A method for fabricating passive devices such as resistors and capacitors for a 3D non-volatile memory device. In a peripheral area of a substrate, alternating layers of a dielectric such as oxide and a conductive material such as heavily doped polysilicon or metal silicide are provided in a stack. The substrate includes one or more lower metal layers connected to circuitry. One or more upper metal layers are formed above the stack. Contact structures are formed which extend from the layers of conductive material to portions of the one or more upper metal layers so that the layers of conductive material are connected to one another in parallel or serially by the contact structures and the at least one upper metal layer. Additional contact structures can connect the circuitry to the one or more upper metal layers. The passive device can be fabricated concurrently with a 3D memory array using common processing steps.

Abstract: Resistive random access memory (RRAM) using stacked dielectrics and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, where a setting power of only 4 ?W, an ultra-low reset power of 2 nW, good switching uniformity and excellent cycling endurance up to 5×109 cycles were achieved simultaneously. Such record high performances were reached in a Ni/GeOx/nano-crystal-TiO2/TaON/TaN RRAM device, where the excellent endurance is 4˜6 orders of magnitude larger than existing Flash memory. The very long endurance and low switching energy RRAM is not only satisfactory for portable SSD in a computer, but may also create new applications such as being used for a Data Center to replace high power consumption hard discs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for hybrid MOS capacitors in replacement gate process. A method is disclosed including patterning a gate dielectric layer and a polysilicon gate layer to form a polysilicon gate region over a substrate; forming an inter-level dielectric layer over the substrate and surrounding the polysilicon gate region; defining polysilicon resistor regions each containing at least one portion of the polysilicon gate region and not containing at least one other portion of the polysilicon gate region, forming dummy gate regions removing the dummy gate regions and the gate dielectric layer underneath the dummy gate regions to leave trenches; and forming high-k metal gate devices in the trenches. A capacitor region including a high-k metal gate and a polysilicon gate next to the high-k metal gate is disclosed. Additional hybrid capacitor apparatuses are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for polysilicon MOS capacitors in a replacement gate process. A method includes disposing a gate dielectric layer over a semiconductor substrate; disposing a polysilicon gate layer over the dielectric layer; patterning the gate dielectric layer and the polysilicon gate layer to form a plurality of polysilicon gates spaced by at least a minimum polysilicon to polysilicon pitch; defining a polysilicon resistor region containing at least one of the polysilicon gates and not containing at least one other of the polysilicon gates, which form dummy gates; depositing a mask layer over an inter-level dielectric layer; patterning the mask layer to expose the dummy gates; removing the dummy gates and the gate dielectric layer underneath the dummy gates to leave trenches in the inter-level dielectric layer; and forming high-k metal gate devices in the trenches in the inter-level dielectric layer. An apparatus produced by the method is disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an isolation region, and a resistor disposed over the isolation region, wherein the resistor includes an implant with an inverse box-like dopant profile that minimizes resistance variation from subsequent planarization variation. A contact is disposed over the resistor. A method of fabricating such a semiconductor device is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods and apparatuses that include resistive memory. A number of embodiments include a first memory cell coupled to a data line and including a first resistive storage element and a first access device, a second memory cell coupled to the data line and including a second resistive storage element and a second access device, an isolation device formed between the first access device and the second access device, a first select line coupled to the first resistive storage element, and a second select line coupled to the second resistive storage element, wherein the second select line is separate from the first select line.

Abstract: A method or manufacturing an integrated circuit structure with a magnetoresistance component is provided. A substrate is provided. A circuit structure layer including a metal pad is formed on the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed on the circuit structure. A metal damascene structure is formed in the dielectric layer. An opening is formed in the dielectric layer so as to form a step-drop. A magnetoresistance material layer is formed on the dielectric layer after forming the metal damascene structure and the opening A photolithography process is applied to pattern the magnetoresistance material layer to form a magnetoresistance component electrically connected to the metal damascene structure.

Abstract: Methods for producing RRAM resistive switching elements having optimal switching behavior include crystalline phase structural changes. Structural changes indicative of optimal switching behavior include hafnium oxide phases in an interfacial region between a resistive switching layer and an electrode.

Abstract: A phase change memory device includes a plurality of word lines, a plurality of lower electrodes, and a plurality of phase change material patterns. The plurality of word lines extend in a first direction and the plurality of word lines are arranged along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The lower electrodes are on the word lines and the lower electrodes are arranged in a direction diagonal to the first direction by a first angle. Each of the plurality of phase change material patterns are on a corresponding one of the plurality of lower electrodes.

Abstract: In a method of forming a pattern, a first mask layer and a first sacrificial layer may be sequentially formed on an object layer. The first sacrificial layer may be partially etched to form a first sacrificial layer pattern. A second sacrificial layer pattern may be formed on the first mask layer. The second sacrificial layer pattern may enclose a sidewall of the first sacrificial layer pattern. The first sacrificial layer pattern may then be removed. The first mask layer may be partially etched using the second sacrificial layer pattern as an etching mask to form a first mask layer pattern. The object layer may be partially etched using the first mask layer pattern as an etching mask.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of FinFET semiconductor devices. A pair of matched capacitors can be formed that share a common source, drain and/or channel. Accordingly, the capacitance characteristics of each capacitor can be manufactured such that they are similar to one another. A resistor manufactured by employing FinFET techniques is also described. The resistor can be manufactured with an effective length that is greater than a distance traversed along a substrate by the resistor.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a base insulating layer, a silicon fuse, a pair of silicon wires, a silicon guard ring, an insulation coating, a first interlayer insulating layer, a via guard ring, a metal guard ring, a final insulating layer, and a fuse window. The base insulating layer is disposed over the semiconductor substrate. The silicon fuse is disposed on the base insulating layer. The pair of silicon wires is disposed on the base insulating layer. The silicon guard ring is disposed on the base insulating layer. The insulation coating is deposited at least over surfaces of the silicon wires. The first interlayer insulating layer is disposed on the base insulating layer. The final insulating layer is disposed on the interlayer insulating layer. The fuse window is defined above the silicon fuse inside the guard rings.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a replacement HiK metal gate transistor and a front end SiCr resistor. The SiCr resistor replaces the conventional polysilicon resistor in front end processing and is integrated into the contact module. The first level of metal interconnect is located above the SiCr resistor. First contacts connect to source/drain regions. Second contacts electrically connect the first level of interconnect to either the SiCr resistor or the metal replacement gate.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a first insulation layer on a semiconductor substrate, the first insulation layer including a lower metal line, a metal head pattern on the first insulation layer, the metal head pattern including an inclined side surface, a thin film resistor pattern on the metal head pattern, a second insulation layer on the metal head pattern and the thin film resistor pattern, an upper metal line on the second insulation layer, a first via connecting the lower metal line to the upper metal line, and a second via connecting the metal head pattern to the upper metal line.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a first insulation layer on or over a semiconductor substrate, metal patterns on or over the first insulation layer, a thin film resistor pattern disposed on or over the metal patterns, and an anti-reflection layer between the thin film resistor pattern and the metal patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed herein a method of manufacturing a variable resistance memory, which comprises: forming a conductive plug on a substrate; forming a variable resistance film above the substrate, the variable resistance film covering a top surface of the conductive plug; forming an insulating interlayer above the substrate, the insulating interlayer covering a top surface of the conductive plug; forming a hole in the insulating interlayer by removing a part of the insulating interlayer disposed above the conductive plug; and forming a first electroconductive film in the hole extending from a top surface of the insulating interlayer so as to be in contact with the variable resistance film and to be electrically connected with the conductive plug via the variable resistance film.

Abstract: A memory cell structure and method to form such structure. An example memory cell includes a bottom electrode formed within a substrate. The memory cell also includes a phase change memory element in contact with the bottom electrode. The memory cell includes a liner laterally surrounding the phase change memory element. The liner includes dielectric material that is thermally conductive and electrically insulating. The memory cell includes an insulating dielectric layer laterally surrounding the liner. The insulating dielectric layer includes material having a lower thermal conductivity than that of the liner.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating passive devices in an extremely-thin silicon-on-insulator (ETSOI) wafer are provided. In one aspect, a method for fabricating one or more passive devices in an ETSOI wafer is provided. The method includes the following steps. The ETSOI wafer having a substrate and an ETSOI layer separated from the substrate by a buried oxide (BOX) is provided. The ETSOI layer is coated with a protective layer. At least one trench is formed that extends through the protective layer, the ETSOI layer and the BOX, and wherein a portion of the substrate is exposed within the trench. Spacers are formed lining sidewalls of the trench. Epitaxial silicon templated from the substrate is grown in the trench. The protective layer is removed from the ETSOI layer. The passive devices are formed in the epitaxial silicon.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of patterning platinum-containing material. An opening may be formed to extend into an oxide. Platinum-containing material may be formed over and directly against an upper surface of the oxide, and within the opening. The platinum-containing material within the opening may be a plug having a lateral periphery. The lateral periphery of the plug may be directly against the oxide. The platinum-containing material may be subjected to polishing to remove the platinum-containing material from over the upper surface of the oxide. The polishing may delaminate the platinum-containing material from the oxide, and may remove the platinum-containing material from over the oxide with an effective selectivity for the platinum-containing material relative to the oxide of at least about 5:1. Some embodiments include methods of forming memory cells. Some embodiments include integrated circuitry having platinum-containing material within an opening in an oxide and directly against the oxide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a nonvolatile semiconductor storage device according to an embodiment includes laminating a first wire extending in a first direction, and a film made into a variable resistance element made of a metallic material, which are laminated in order on a semiconductor substrate, dividing, into a plurality of pieces, the film made into the variable resistance element, in the first direction and a second direction, forming an interlayer insulating film between the plurality of pieces formed by dividing the film made into the variable resistance element in the second direction, and oxidizing the metallic material of the film made into the variable resistance element, and laminating an upper electrode and a second wire extending in the second direction, which are laminated in order on the film made into the variable resistance element and the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A highly integrated programmable non-volatile memory and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. More particularly, a memory device including an antifuse and a diode, or a variable resistor and a diode, an operation method thereof, and a manufacturing method of a plurality of memory cells capable of increasing the integration density by utilizing a vertical space are provided. The highly integrated programmable non-volatile memory includes first stepped cells and second stepped cells formed to have different heights. The first stepped cells are formed on a horizontal plane with a high height, and the second stepped cells are formed on a horizontal plane with a low height.

Abstract: In a case where a DRAM and a ReRAM are mounted together, a manufacturing cost thereof is reduced while maintaining performance of a capacitance element and a variable resistance element. A semiconductor memory device includes a variable resistance element and a capacitance element. The variable resistance element has a cylinder type MIM structure with a first depth, and is designed for a variable resistance type memory. The capacitance element has a cylinder type MIM structure with a second depth deeper than the first depth, and is designed for a DRAM.