Abstract: This photocathode comprises: InP substrate 1; InAsx2P1−x2(0<x2<1) buffer layer 2; Inx1Ga1−x1As (1>x1>0.53) light-absorbing layer 3; InAsx3P1−x3 (0<x3<1) electron-emitting layer 4; InAsx3P1−x3 contact layer 5 formed on the electron-emitting layer 4; active layer 8 of an alkali metal or its oxide or fluoride formed on the exposed surface of electron-emitting layer 4; and electrodes 6 and 7.

Abstract: Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices (“OPODs”) are disclosed which include an exciton blocking layer to enhance device efficiency. Single heterostructure, stacked and wave-guide type embodiments are disclosed. Photodetector OPODs having multilayer structures and an exciton blocking layer are also disclosed. Guidelines for selection of exciton blocking layers are provided.

Abstract: An image intensifier tube includes a photocathode (20) with an active layer (52) providing an electrical spectral response to photons of light. The photocathode (20) also includes integral spacer structure (42) which extends toward and physically touches a microchannel plate (22) of the image intensifier tube in order to establish and maintain a desirably precise and fine-dimension spacing distance “G” between the photocathode and the microchannel plate. A method of making the photocathode and a method of making the image intensifier tube are described also.

Abstract: Organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices (“OPODs”) which include an exciton blocking layer to enhance device efficiency. Single heterostructure, stacked and wave-guide type embodiments. Photodetector OPODs having multilayer structures and an exciton blocking layer. Guidelines for selection of exciton blocking layers are provided.

Abstract: In a radiographic image intensifier having an input window, and a method for its production, an intermediate layer is deposited on a substrate for a luminous layer, thereby smoothing the surface of the substrate. This intermediate layer serves to smooth the surface of the substrate and is thus a good base for a uniform growth of the crystal structure of the luminous layer.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus suitable for photon counting applications or low light imaging includes a CCD sensor 4 arranged to receive electrons emitted from a photocathode 1. The CCD sensor includes a separate multiplication register into which signal charge from its output register is transferred to give improved noise performance and resolution.

Abstract: A photocathode having a gate electrode so that modulation of the resulting electron beam is accomplished independently of the laser beam. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, a photoemitter, and an electrically separate gate electrode surrounding an emission region of the photoemitter. The electron beam emission from the emission region is modulated by voltages supplied to the gate electrode. In addition, the gate electrode may have multiple segments that are capable of shaping the electron beam in response to voltages supplied individually to each of the multiple segments.

Abstract: A luminescence controlling apparatus includes a rare gas pipe equipped with a pair of electrodes in which rare gas is sealed, a power supply for impressing voltage to the pair of electrodes and an electric charge absorption member for absorbing electrons generated during electric discharge of the rare gas pipe caused by impressing voltage to the pair of electrodes. The absorption member is disposed in the rare gas pipe. The luminescence controlling apparatus further includes a controller for controlling a luminescence amount of the rare gas pipe by adjusting a quantity of electrons absorbed by the electric charge absorption member.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device optimized to enhance desired characteristics such as external quantum efficiency is described. The photosensitive optoelectronic device has at least two transparent electrodes and one or more organic photoconductive layers disposed between the transparent electrodes. In other embodiments photosensitive optoelectronic devices with multilayer photoconductive structures and photosensitive optoelectronic devices with a reflective layer are disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid photon detector with a photocathode in reflective mode where the same vacuum tube components acts both as a perfect incoming light concentrator and as a perfect focusing electron lens and the photoelectrons are electrostatically focused by the same CPC-shape in the opposite direction (i.e., from the small light collection surface towards a point-like region in the middle of the large-area entrance aperture). The CPC is electrically conductive and split into two electrodes by a narrow nonconductive interval positioned in a particular place along the CPC. The photocathode covers the light collection area of the CPC, and the photocathode is operated in the reflective mode such that photoelectrons emerge from the same surface through which the photons enter. Photoelectrons emerging from the entire photocathode are accelerated and focused onto a small electronic sensor placed in the middle of the entrance aperture of the CPC.

Abstract: A photocathode device for use in an image intensifier of a night vision device, the device having a faceplate fabricated from an optically transparent material and a photoemissive semiconductor wafer bonded to the faceplate. The photoemissive wafer includes a first contact disposed on a peripheral surface thereof for electrically contacting the wafer and an annular-shaped second contact disposed on the emission surface of the wafer for enabing a potential difference to be applied across the wafer to facilitate the emission of photogenerated carriers from the emission surface.

Abstract: An aluminosilicate glass having a composition consisting essentially of, as calculated in weight percent on an oxide basis, of 58-70% SiO.sub.2, 12-22% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3-15% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2-12% CaO, 0-3% SrO, 0-3% BaO, 0-8% MgO, 10-25% MCSB (i.e., MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO), and SrO and BaO in combination being less than 3%.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an electron multiplier is provided. The method consists of depositing a random channel layer on a substrate such that the random channel layer is capable of producing a cascade secondary electron emission in response to an incident electron in the presence of an electric field.

Abstract: An electron pump organized along the lines of a laser device has an interior chamber with a quartz crystal axially disposed around a metallic rod. The rod and crystal are surrounded by flash lamps, which stimulate the electrons therein to produce an electron flow. A heat exchanger surrounds the interior chamber. An outer chamber surrounding the heat exchanger has wire windings therein to produce an electric field to direct the electron flow. Carbon brushes convert the electron flow into electric current.

Abstract: A novel photocathode and image intensifier tube include an active layer comprised substantially of amorphic diamond-like carbon, diamond, or a combination of both. The photocathode has a face plate coupled to an active layer. The active layer is operable to emit electrons in response to photons striking the face plate.

Abstract: Apparatus (10, 30, 60) and a method for generating low energy electrons (26, 46) for neutralizing charges (16, 36, 66) accumulated on a wafer (14, 34, 64) is provided. The apparatus includes a photocathode (24, 44, 67) located within a predetermined distance from the wafer (14, 34, 64), and a light source (20, 40, 70, 76, 86) operable to emit a light (22, 42, 72, 78, 88) striking the photocathode (24, 44, 67), the photocathode (24, 44, 67) generating a cloud of low energy electrons (26, 46) with a narrow energy distribution near the wafer (14, 34, 64).

Abstract: An intensifying system adapted to be affixed to an electronic imaging device such as a single lens reflex camera or a video camera. The system includes a central intensifying unit for intensifying an image at lower light levels. A back body adapter and a front lens adapter would combine with the central intensifying unit and would be attached to the body of the camera. An electronic objective lens which is normally attached to the camera, would be removed and would be affixed to the front lens adapter.

Abstract: A method for preventing laser jamming of night vision goggles having a gated image intensifier device and a display for displaying an intensified image of a scene. The method includes the steps of detecting laser pulses from a jamming laser source and producing respective electrical pulses in response thereto, and gating off the gated image intensifier device in synchronism with the electrical pulses in order to thereby prevent the laser pulses from affecting the intensified image of the scene displayed by the display.

Abstract: A flat panel image sensor is provided by combining the photoconductive imaging electrode of a vidicon with a two dimensional array of cold cathode field emitters commonly used for flat panel Field Emission Display (FED) systems. The FED operates normally to emit electrons which are accelerated in prior art displays towards a luminescent phosphor to generate light output proportional to the cathode emission. Rather than accelerating towards a phosphor, electrons, in accordance with the principles of this invention, are accelerated towards a photoconductor layer to replace charge removed from the layer by an incident radiation pattern directed at the photoconductor layer through a layer of transparant, electrically-conducting material which serves as a radiation window. A large area, low cost, small, flat panel sensor is realized.

Abstract: An electron tube, such as, a photomultiplier, includes an aluminum seal ring 4 disposed between a Kovar cylinder 1, and a quartz faceplate 5 having a photocathode 6. The electron tube further includes a borosilicate stem plate 2, an anode 8, and a dynode 7. The aluminum seal ring 4 provides for increased air tightness, reliability, quantum efficiency, and gain.

Abstract: A night vision device with a modular assembly includes an image intensifier module or assembly, which includes an image intensifier tube and a power supply. The image intensifier tube receives low-level light from a scene too dark to be viewed with the unaided eye, and provides a visible representative image of the scene in phosphor yellow/green light. The power supply receives low-voltage power from a source, such as a battery, and provides power at voltages appropriate for operation of the image intensifier tube. The module includes a separable high-voltage connector for electrically connecting the power supply to the image intensifier tube. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connector includes structure for physically connecting the power supply and image intensifier tube in separable nested relationship while also providing environmental protection to electrical connector features of the module.

Abstract: An X-ray image amplifier tube designed with an input screen having a photocathode and with a detection screen which is opposite the latter and a short distance away for detection of a photo-electron beam which is generated by X-ray input image signals and is amplified in the tube. The detection screen is provided with a conversion coating for converting an image-carrying photo-electron beam into a potential excursion and to this end contains, for example, an amorphous selenium coating or a porous KCl coating. A variable potential can be applied both over the vacuum gap between the photocathode and the conversion coating and over the conversion coating itself and, as a result of this, high image brightness dynamics can be achieved without image disruption.

Abstract: A variable electroconductivity material characterized by being obtained by formulating (a) an electroconductivity variation imparting agent comprising a substance which is caused by light or heat energy to undergo structural change, reversibly or irreversibly, between nonionic and ionic structures and (b) a charge transport substance the electroconductivity of which is varied by said structural change of said electroconductivity variation imparting agent, and an information recording medium obtained by the use of this material has excellent memory stability, and also a light (heat) converting device having conversion characteristics can be obtained by the use of this material.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging tube comprising an vacuum envelope, and input screen located in the input end of the envelope, an output screen located in the output end of the envelope, an anode located in the output end of the envelope, and a plurality of beam-converging electrodes located in the envelope and arranged along the inner surface of the envelope. The tube has an magnification of used input field size of 2.3 or more. The components of the tube have such positions and sizes, thus satisfying the following relations:3.5.ltoreq.G3.sub.D /A.sub.D .ltoreq.5.0-3.65.times.MAG+1.00.ltoreq.G3.sub.L /L.ltoreq.-3.65.times.MAG+1.05where L is the distance between the input and output screens, A.sub.D is the inside diameter of the anode or one of the beam-converging electrodes set at the same potential as the anode, which is closer to the input screen than any other beam-converging electrodes set at the same potential as the anode, G3.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image recording system for recording an image formed on an image plane onto a photosensitive member by exposure, the image plane comprising a plurality of pixels capable of changing over between a first state which permits the exposure of light to the photosensitive member and a second state in which the exposure of light to the photosensitive member is infeasible, and a non-pixel area present at a peripheral area with respect to the pixels. The size of each pixel is set such that the length of a side in a pixel pitch direction is slightly larger than one half of the pixel pitch. In this image recording system, therefore, when recording an image on the photosensitive member, an exposure position controlling means causes a relative position changing means to shift a relative position of the photosensitive member and the image plane at least three times so as to prevent recording of the non-pixel area in the image recorded on the photosensitive member.

Abstract: Compact night vision goggles apparatus (400, 500, 600) which provide the user with both a direct or unintensified image and an intensified image via first and second intersecting optical paths. The apparatus includes secondary image input means (490, 690) for incorporating symbology or other secondary images into the intensified optical path to be presented to the user along with the intensified and unintensified images. In addition, the apparatus includes peripheral imaging means (540) for providing the user with a large peripheral field of view notwithstanding obstructions on the apparatus which would normally interfere with the user's peripheral vision.

Abstract: Shown is an integral two-stage vacuum tube with means for efficient optical coupling of the light from an output screen of the first stage into the photocathode of the second stage.

Abstract: A photoelectron beam converting device including a semiconductor substrate having a p-n junction formed between an n-type region and a p-type region and an opening portion formed on the side of the semiconductor substrate. An electron beam is generated by a light which enters from the opening portion and by a reverse voltage to be applied to the p-n junction.

Abstract: According to the invention, said jacket has an input port integral with a central ferrous alloy body, which is made from an alloy of aluminium and magnesium of series 5000. This input port is fitted into an aluminium part of series 1000, to which it is welded. The aluminium part is brazed to the central body by aluminium-silicon or aluminium-silicon-magnesium eutectic brazing.

Abstract: Low-power lamps, that is, lamps having a power rating of less than 250 W, g. less than 100 W, and, for instance 40 W, have an arc tube which has a fill of mercury with additives of metal halides and a noble gas. To permit universal mounting application of the lamp, the arc tube (2) has a single-press seal (3) at one side thereof in which the electrodes are retained, the arc tube being surrounded by an envelope having, likewise, a single-ended, single-press seal (5) located at the same side as the press seal of the arc tube, through which continuation elements (8, 10, 12, 14; 9, 11, 13, 15) of the electrode elements are conducted. The arc tube and the envelope are so closely spaced that heat radiated from the arc tube to the envelope is effectively reflected to the arc tube without substantial radiation by the envelope. The arc tube and/or the envelope may be frosted, and made, respectively, of hard glass or quartz glass which has low transmissivity in the UV and IR ranges of radiation.

Abstract: An intensified charge-coupled image sensor comprises an image intensifier section and a header assembly. The header assembly includes a charge coupled device and an insulative header for retaining the charge-coupled device. An imaging aperture having a sidewall is formed in the insulative header. The imaging aperture is disposed about an optical axis of the image sensor. A conductive layer for preventing electrostatic charge buildup resulting from the impingement of photoelectrons emitted from a photoemissive cathode is provided on a first major surface of the header and on the sidewall bordering the imaging aperture. The header includes an electrode surface having a plurality of discrete contact pads thereon. A header input member has a substantially rectangular portion attached to a first major surface of the insulative header and an annular portion attached to the image intensifier section of the image sensor.

Abstract: An electrostatic shutter tube comprises a photocathode adapted to emit electrons along a path as an electron image in response to a radiant image incident upon the photocathode. A phosphor screen is spaced from the photocathode and is adapted to emit a light image in response to the impingement of the electron image thereon. A shuttering grid is disposed in the electron path between the photocathode and the phosphor screen to control the emission of the electron image. An anode member adjacent to the screen has therein a pair of primary deflection plates disposed along the electron path for deflecting the electron image in a first direction across the screen. A pair of secondary deflection plates are disposed within the anode member, along the electron path, in a cross-over region of the electron image.

Abstract: A photosensitive tube of the kind having a photoconductive target formed of a material such as lead monoxide exhibits an effect generally termed lag when the tube operates at very low light levels. Lag is undesirable and can be minimized by providing a low light level bias which illuminates the rear of the target. The present invention provides light bias in the form of small light emitting diodes which are placed externally of the evacuated envelope of the tube in localized recesses adjacent to a tubular anode electrode at a point where the anode diameter changes. In this way the light emitting diodes can be accommodated within the normal overall envelope of the tube and in a manner which conveniently permits an even diffused illumination of the target. This arrangement is particularly applicable to small diameter tubes to which conventional light bias cannot readily be applied.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube comprises an evacuated envelope having a generally cylindrical sidewall with a faceplate closing one end of the envelope. A conductive coating is disposed on a portion of the sidewall adjacent to the faceplate. A photocathode is formed on the faceplate and on a portion of the conductive coating. An electron multiplier assembly including a plurality of electrodes is spaced from the photocathode. A plurality of leads extend from the electrodes to a plurality of terminals in a base attached to the tube. A resilient electrical contact member is connected to a terminal in the base for applying a potential to the photocathode. The electrical contact member has a pair of support tabs at the opposite ends of the member. The tabs are affixed to the multiplier assembly so that the contact member assumes a substantially arcuate shape which contacts and conforms to a large area of the conductive coating on the sidewall of the envelope.

Abstract: A vacuum container of a radiation image multiplier tube is disclosed, which is provided with a radiation input window made of Al or an Al alloy and an output portion made of a glass or ceramic insulator for outputting radiation image multiplied signals. Between the input window and the output portion is interposed a ring made of Fe or an Fe alloy, and an airtight joint between the ring of the input window is effected by hot pressure-bonding through a thin layer of Ni, Cu or Al. A method of manufacturing the vacuum container by means of such hot pressure-bonding is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electron tube which comprises a metal vacuum envelope, a metal high energy ray input window fitted to the envelope, and photoelectric screen held in the envelope at a point close to the high energy ray input window, and which is characterized in that a semiconductor photosensor is set at that position within the vacuum envelope which lies near the peripheral edge of the photoelectric screen and to which a material constituting the photoelectric screen can be deposited, said photoelectric screen comprising a sealed container provided with a light input window and a semiconductor element received in the container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique for providing a so-called `pedestal` voltage on the rear surface of the target of a pyroelectric camera. This is a positive voltage required to ensure efficient discharge, by the electron beam, of the pyroelectric charge. In the invention, the pyroelectric material is in the form of a plurality of islands of pyroelectric material connected individually to the signal plate. Each island is coated on its rear surface and on at least one side, by a conductive film. By applying a positive bias voltage to the signal plate, the rear surface of the pyroelectric islands are similarly biassed to provide the pedestal.