Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting against electrocution hazards that arise when an appliance is electrically connected to a miswired single-phase AC electrical source which includes an energized ground lead are described. The apparatus includes one or more sensors that detect electrical energy in the ground lead combined with a miswiring condition in the hot and common leads. A tester embodiment is also illustrated. The method includes the steps of detecting if the putative ground of the electrical source is energized and whether the hot and common leads are reversed.

Abstract: An arrangement for protecting equipment of an AC electrical power system comprises first means configured to measure the frequency of the current and voltage at at least one location in the electrical power system along an interconnection between two theoretical electric machines of an equivalent two machine system. Fourth means are configured to use the values of the frequency of the current and voltage measured to determine whether a power swing has occurred and if an occurrence of a power swing has been determined determine whether the measuring location is located on a motor side or a generator side of a potential pole slip electrical centre along said interconnection, the electrical centre being defined as the location where the voltage becomes zero during a pole slip, and send this information further to third means for use in a control for protecting equipment of the electrical power system.

Abstract: A power distribution unit (PDU) testing apparatus includes a main power plug, a number of branch power plugs, a main switch, a number of branch switches, and a number of loads. The main switch and the branch switches are single-pole double-throw switches. A first terminal of the main power plug is connected to the first throw of the main switch. The second throw of the main switch is idle. The pole of the main switch is connected to the second throws of the branch switches. The first throws of the branch switches are respectively connected to first terminals of the branch power plugs. Second terminals of the branch power plugs are connected a second terminal of the main power plug. The poles of the branch switches are respectively connected to first terminals of the loads. Second terminals of the loads are connected to the second terminal of the main power plug.

Abstract: A method for increasing the ESD pulse stability of an electrical component is disclosed. An electrical component is pre-aged by means of an aging pulse generated by a pulse generator. The degradation of an electrical characteristic curve of the component by ESD pulses that occur during operation of the electrical component is improved by the pre-aging.

Abstract: Previously, electrical power systems have been analyzed to provide theoretical fault levels values for different zones of an electrical power distribution system based upon a worse case scenario. However, existing electrical loads will in practice provide a more adaptable and higher fault level. By monitoring and identifying an I-V characteristic upon switching electrical load in practical operation an actual default level at particular nodes in a power distribution system is determinable. In such circumstances decisions with regard to the connectability of further electrical generators or loads at particular parts and zones of an electrical power distribution system can be quantified by reference to the actual fault level rather than the theoretical worse case scenario level and therefore avoid unnecessary upgrading of transmission equipment or denying access to the electrical power system.

Abstract: A method of locating a fault on an electrical network energized by a source uses a form of triangulation of voltage measurements at at least three different locations on the network, with at least one of the locations situated upstream from the fault with respect to the source. Voltage phasors corresponding to the voltages measured during the fault are time synchronized. Conductors of the network involved in the fault are determined as a function of characteristics of the voltage phasors and a fault current causing a voltage drop at one of the locations with respect to an initial voltage value is evaluated. A position of the fault is evaluated at a point of the network where a ratio between a difference of the voltages measured at two of the locations and an impedance between one of the two locations and the point is equal to the fault current.

Abstract: A wind energy system is provided including a geographical position sensing module and a cable for transmitting energy from the wind energy system. The cable includes a first sensing device at a first location of the cable. The first sensing device is adapted for sensing a relative position of the first sensing device. Further, the cable includes a second sensing device at a second location of the cable. The second sensing device is adapted for sensing a relative position of the second sensing device. The first and the second sensing devices are adapted to communicate with each other; and one of the first and second sensing devices is adapted to communicate with a geographical position sensing module of the wind energy system.

Abstract: A compressor monitoring system includes current and voltage monitors, current and voltage averaging modules, a control module, and a switch. The current monitor measures a current drawn by a motor of a compressor. The current averaging module generates first and second average current values based on the current measured by the current monitor. The voltage monitor measures a utility power voltage. The voltage averaging module generates first and second average voltage values based on the voltage measured by the voltage monitor. The control module selectively generates a fault signal when a first ratio is greater than a first predetermined threshold and a second ratio is less than a second predetermined threshold. The first ratio is based on the first and second average current values. The second ratio is based on the first and second average voltage values. The switch deactivates the motor when the fault signal is generated.

Abstract: A data driver of a display device includes: a DAC (Digital Analog Converter) outputting a drive signal for driving a signal line of a displaying unit; an amplifier amplifying the drive signal outputted by the DAC and outputting the drive signal to the signal line; a repair amplifier having an input and an output, wherein the signal line is separated by a breakage point into a connected data line connected to the amplifier and a disconnected data line not connected to the amplifier, and the input of the repair amplifier is connected to the connected data line and the output of the repair amplifier is connected to the disconnected data line; and a switch supplying the drive signal to the input of the repair amplifier for testing the repair amplifier. An output delay test for the repair amplifier can be performed under a condition similar to that of the amplifier.

Abstract: The pattern defect repairing apparatus comprises an application head, a waste ejection board, a waste ejection vessel, a waste ejection board moving stage, a head lifting stage, and an application unit base. The application head comprises an ink-jet head and a head holder. An ink jet head has an ejection nozzle, and is attached to the head holder and able to be moved up and down by the head lifting stage. The waste ejection vessel is provided to the waste ejection board and able to be moved between a waste ejection position and a retreated position by the waste ejection board moving stage. Repairing material is ejected for waste onto the waste ejection board set in the vicinity of the nozzle immediately before application to repair the defect. The tip end of the nozzle is prevented from being dried.

Abstract: An improved method to detect and locate electrical faults is provided. A method of operating a circuit breaker in an electrical circuit configured with at least one of a first main circuit breaker at a first layer of circuit protection having a first direction of current flow, and at least one second circuit breaker downstream of said at least one first main circuit breaker having a second direction of current flow, and at least one third circuit breaker downstream of said at least one second circuit breaker having a third direction of current flow, wherein one of said at least one first, second, or third circuit breakers is in short time pick-up, is provided, and comprises steps to determine the location of the fault and adjust the trip time delay of the circuit breakers according to predetermined criteria.

Abstract: A gas insulated circuit breaker system has: a container that encapsulates insulating gas; a main contact in the container that opens/closes the main circuit; a resistor contact in the container, connected in parallel to the main contact, to be opened after elapse of a predetermined time after the main contact is opened and to be closed at a predetermined time before the main contact is closed; a resistor in the container, serially connected to the resistor contact and connected in parallel to the main contact together with the resistor contact; a temperature sensor that measures temperature of surrounding of the resistor; and a temperature estimation section that estimates a temperature of the resistor based on a timing of opening/closing operation of the main contact, a current flowing through the main circuit and the measured temperature.

Abstract: A wind energy system is provided including a geographical position sensing module and a cable for transmitting energy from the wind energy system. The cable includes a first sensing device at a first location of the cable. The first sensing device is adapted for sensing a relative position of the first sensing device. Further, the cable includes a second sensing device at a second location of the cable. The second sensing device is adapted for sensing a relative position of the second sensing device. The first and the second sensing devices are adapted to communicate with each other; and one of the first and second sensing devices is adapted to communicate with a geographical position sensing module of the wind energy system.

Abstract: An electrical power supply device for a logic unit (1), includes a control member (7) that can transmit a control voltage (6), a power relay (3), transmitting a power voltage (2) when it is controlled, an electronic stage (8) controlling the power relay (3) when the electronic stage (8) receives a control voltage (6, 22) from the control member (7) or from the logic unit (1), a voltage regulator (12) transmitting a power supply voltage (20) to the logic unit (1) when it receives the power voltage (2) from the power relay (3) and a control voltage (6, 23) and a wake-up element (17) capable of transmitting an additional control voltage (24) to the voltage regulator (12) when the power relay (3) transmits the power voltage (2). The power supply is applicable to motor vehicle computers and to the detection of failure of the relay stage (3, 8).

Abstract: In a temperature sensor circuit, a temperature sensor is configured to output a first voltage corresponding to temperature. A voltage source is configured to output a second voltage having the same nonlinear dependence on the temperature as a nonlinear dependence of the first voltage on the temperature. An amplifier is configured to amplify the second voltage with a first amplification factor to output a third voltage. An inversion amplifier is configured to perform inversion amplification on a difference between the first voltage and the third voltage with a second amplification factor to output a fourth voltage.

Abstract: A system for real-time monitoring of synchrophasors from an electrical power system serving multiple geographic areas can control system instability, without preset parameters or thresholds, detects power flow between the generation sources. If a change in power flow of at least 5% over at time period of 1 second or less occurs and the response to the change in power flow is greater than the change in power flow a signal is generated for corrective action.

Abstract: A device for detecting the presence of bodily fluid, the device including a detector (1) means having two spaced apart electrodes (2, 3), each electrode is connected to a signal generating means via a lead (6, 7). The electrodes are encased in a flexible non-conductive material with each including at least one protruding conductive element (4). The protruding elements are separated by the same distance as the spacing between the two electrodes. The device also includes a signal processing means that detects a change of state across the electrodes produced by the introduction of a fluid and an alarm actuated by the change of state.

Abstract: In order to detect, localize and interpret a partial discharge occurring in a partial discharge site along an electrical equipment, two measurement probes and a synchronization probe are installed along the electrical equipment. The measurement probes detect pulses travelling in the electrical equipment while the synchronization probe detects a phase angle in the electrical equipment and is usable for calibration purposes. A control unit receives the signals sensed by the probes and conditions them. Digital processing applied on the conditioned signals, involving their correlation, a time-frequency distribution and a form factor estimation, allows establishing a diagnosis indicating a detection of a partial discharge and its localization along the electrical equipment. A wideband magnetic probe may be provided for detecting the pulses traveling in the electrical equipment.

Abstract: There is described a method and a system for evaluating damage of a plurality of cells in an electrolyser. The method comprises acquiring a voltage for each one of the cells; comparing the voltage to at least two threshold voltage levels; classifying the cells as one of: severely damaged cells, non-severely damaged cells and undamaged cells, based on the comparison of the voltage with the at least two threshold voltage levels; and deactivating the cells classified as severely damaged cells from the electrolyser.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein provide for the early detection of wire/cable faults. For example, a system may detect electrical/electronic faults with power lines, data lines, communication lines, coaxial cables, and the like (generally referred to herein as “lines”, “wires”, and “cables”) by providing sacrificial materials including a conductive material external to the lines. A processor may be coupled to the conductive material to transmit a control signal along the conductive material of the line to determine whether the line is degrading. That is, when the sacrificial material wears away and exposes the conductive sacrificial material in the line, that conductive material may begin to experience faults. The faults in the external conductive material may serve as precursors to the overall degradation of the line. Thus, the line may be repaired or replaced prior to the degradation of the line itself.

Abstract: An analysis method for a semiconductor device is described. The semiconductor device having an abnormal region is provided. Thereafter, a focused ion beam microscope analysis process is performed to the abnormal region, wherein the result of the focused ion beam microscope analysis process shows that the abnormal region has a defect therein. After the focused ion beam microscope analysis process, an electrical property measurement step is performed to the abnormal region, so as to determine whether the defect in the abnormal region is a device failure root cause or not.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a distance of a phase-to-phase fault or a three-phase fault on a three-phase electric line, the apparatus (40) being configured to determine a first estimate value for a distance between the measuring point (40) and a point (F) of fault on the basis of a first equation based on a fault loop model in which the point of fault is located between the measuring point and load of the electric line, and a second estimate value for the distance on the basis of a second equation based on a fault loop model in which the load of the electric line is located between the measuring point and the point of fault, and to select according to predetermined criteria one of the determined two estimate values as the distance between the measuring point (40) and the point of fault (F).

Abstract: A method for locating phase to ground faults in DC distribution systems. The method includes utilizing wavelet analysis using Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) as a signal processing tool for recognition of characteristic features in the voltage signal. The voltage signal contains characteristic information in the high frequency range above the switching frequencies of the PE converters which allows for localization of the fault.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method for locating a defect in a wired transmission line, which extends between a first end and a second end, includes measuring a first modified noise signal at the first end by a first measuring unit, and making a first representation of the first modified noise signal. A second modified noise signal is measured at the second end by a second measuring unit, and a second representation of the second modified noise signal is made. The location of the defects are derived from the representations.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to detect a fault location, safely, reliably and with a high response sensitivity, in a braided wire which has a plurality of individual wires, an electric current is passed through the braided wire and the magnetic field which is formed as a result of the braided wire through which current flows is detected by a sensor and is evaluated. A fault location is deduced if the measured magnetic field has an oscillation whose length is a multiple of a lay length of the braided wire, and in particular corresponds to the lay length. The method is also used in particular for non-destructive testing of the quality of a contact connection of a contact element to the braided wire.

Abstract: A sensor function testing method and a computer program product thereof are provided. In the present method, a rearm type corresponding to a rearm function of a sensor in a server is obtained, wherein the sensor is in a normal status or one of a plurality of failure statuses. Then, the sensor is respectively triggered to enter and exit each of the failure statuses. If the rearm type is an auto rearm type and the sensor automatically returns to the normal status every time when the sensor is triggered to exit one of the failure statuses, the rearm function is determined as normal. If the rearm type is a manual rearm type and the sensor only returns to the normal status after receiving a rearm instruction every time when the sensor is triggered to exit one of the failure statuses, the rearm function is determined as normal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with programmable application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) fault injection are described. One example ASIC includes a serializer de-serializer (SERDES). The example ASIC may also include logics to process data in the ASIC. At least one of the logics either receives data from the SERDES and/or provides data to the SERDES. The example ASIC may also include an embedded fault injection logic (EFIL) to control injection of a fault to a path (e.g., data, control) associated with at least one of the logics. The example ASIC may also include an embedded set of multiplexers (ESOMs) controlled by the EFIL. The ESOMs are controllable by the EFIL to inject a fault signal to the data path.

Abstract: A compressor monitoring system includes current and voltage monitors, current and voltage averaging modules, a control module, and a switch. The current monitor measures a current drawn by a motor of a compressor. The current averaging module generates first and second average current values based on the current measured by the current monitor. The voltage monitor measures a utility power voltage. The voltage averaging module generates first and second average voltage values based on the voltage measured by the voltage monitor. The control module selectively generates a fault signal when a first ratio is greater than a first predetermined threshold and a second ratio is less than a second predetermined threshold. The first ratio is based on the first and second average current values. The second ratio is based on the first and second average voltage values. The switch deactivates the motor when the fault signal is generated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a location of a phase-to-earth fault on a three-phase electric line (30) of an electric network, comprising determining an equivalent load distance curve of the electric line (30) representing a voltage drop along the electric line scaled by an equivalent load distance of the electric line, determining a fault distance line indicating an estimate of a distance of the fault (F) from the measuring point (40) in relation to the equivalent load distance, determining a distance at which the equivalent load distance curve and the fault distance line intersect when superimposed, and selecting the determined distance as the distance between the measuring point (40) and the point of fault (F).

Abstract: Systems and methods to automatically detect anomalies in waveforms. In addition, the systems and methods alert a human operator of the anomaly and provide suggestions as to the cause of the problem and/or possible solutions to the problem.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main power unit that outputs a first DC power and an auxiliary power unit that outputs a second DC power to the components of the image forming apparatus. The auxiliary power unit includes a rechargeable capacitor. A measuring unit measures performance of the capacitor and a determining unit determines performance insufficiency of the capacitor based on the measured performance and the system configuration of the image forming apparatus. The performance is, for example, changes in a capacitance of the capacitor with time. When the determining unit determines performance insufficiency of the capacitor, a control unit adjusts, for example, a use range of the capacitor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and fault detection system for detecting and identifying the location of faults in underground power lines that can effectively and quickly identify faults in underground power lines. Embodiments can provide a method and fault detection system that quickly identify faults in a power grid that result from open circuits or short circuits in underground conduits. A specific system for fault detection of power lines in a network having one or more substations and corresponding one or more manholes for access to underground lines, includes: a sensor device for each manhole, wherein the sensor device is capable of detecting a magnetic field generated by a power line and can send a signal through a fiber optic cable, the signal including a unique wavelength identifier; and a communication device for each substation for transmitting the signal from the sensor device to an operator.

Abstract: A system for notifying and/or warning of fallen or downed insulated conductor generally includes a distribution system for distributing a utility, such as power, and a sensor system for sensing whether the distribution system is properly operating. The warning system can include a support structure; an arm carried by the support structure and extending outwardly therefrom; a distribution system providing a utility via at least one wire, the wire held aloft from a below surface via the arm; a communication cable transmitting a signal; a disruption assembly carrying the communication cable and in communication with the support structure. The disruption assembly is loaded with the potential of disrupting the signal transmitted by the communication cable; and a sensor system is adapted to monitor the distribution system based on the signal transmitted by the communication cable.

Abstract: Methods for detecting wet arc faults are based on the direct current (DC) signature analysis and pattern matching pertaining to wet arc characteristics. While magnifying some wet arc fault signatures, it may be found that the wet arc current signal itself resembles a normal current signal in both time and frequency domains. The change in magnitude or high frequency behavior found may not be enough to distinguish a wet arc fault signature from a normal signature. Embodiments of the present invention may look at the magnitude change in the DC content per cycle of the wet arc current signal, which may be more positive in one cycle while, in the next cycle, it may be negative in a relative manner. A particular number of these changes may be determinative of a wet arc fault.

Abstract: A method of evaluating an inline inspection recipe compares the capture rate of metal pattern defects in bounding boxes arising from failed electrical test vectors to the capture rate after the bounding box is shifted. A difference between the first and second capture rates indicates whether the inline inspection recipe is valid for capturing killer defects, or if the inline inspection recipe needs to be adjusted. In a particular example, the electrical test vectors are directed at a selected patterned metal layer of an FPGA (M6), and the metal pattern defect data for the selected patterned metal layer is mapped to the bounding box determined by the electrical test vector.

Abstract: A system includes a first electrical component, a second electrical component, and at least two cables connecting the first and second electrical components. Time varying signals are transmitted through the cables with at least one of the cables carrying an injected DC signal. The system associates the cable carrying the DC signal with a predetermined time varying signal and is capable of electronically switching the routes of the time varying signals if the cables are incorrectly physically attached to the first and second electrical components.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for processing utility data of a power grid is provided. In one embodiment, the system includes a datamart comprised of a plurality of physical databases storing utility data, a plurality of applications comprising an automated meter application configured to process power usage data from a plurality of automated meters, a power outage application configured to identify a location of a power outage, and a power restoration application configured to identify a location of a power restoration. The system may include an analysis engine comprising a plurality of analysis objects with each analysis object configured to process data to provide a specific analysis, wherein said analysis engine is accessible via one or more of the plurality of applications, and the system may include a report module configured to receive an output from the analysis engine and to output a report.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a location of a phase-to-earth fault on a three-phase electric line of an electric network, comprising determining, when the ratio of a fault current and load current has a first value, a first fault distance line which indicates an estimate of a distance of the fault from the measuring point in relation to an equivalent load distance, determining, when the ratio of the fault current and load current has a second value which differs from the first value, at least one second fault distance line, determining a distance at which the determined fault distance lines intersect when superimposed and determining the distance between the measuring point and the point of fault on the basis of the determined distance or distances of intersection.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for filtering systematic differences from wafer evaluation parameters provides an efficient visual display and numerical map technique for observing wafer-level process variation. Measurement data is gathered from electronic circuits at multiple positions within multiple regions on one or more wafers and parameters are computed from the measurement data, which may be the measurement data values themselves. The set of parameters is filtered for expected systematic variation by computing a set of normalization values from the set of parameters and normalizing the data according to the normalization values. The normalized parameter set is then either presented in a visual display, e.g., by color mapping, or arranged in a numerical map of parameter value by location.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one Rogowski coil and a processor. The at least one Rogowski coil is positioned within an electrical power distribution network to detect a first traveling wave current caused by a fault on an electrical power transmission line of the network, generate a first signal indicative of detection of the first traveling wave, detect a second traveling wave current caused by the fault on the transmission line, and generate a second signal indicative of detection of the second traveling wave. The processor is adapted to receive the first signal and the second signal and to determine, based on the first signal and the second signal, where on the transmission line the fault occurred.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a power supply control apparatus which can connect a ground to a suitable electric potential when the ground is disconnected. The power supply control apparatus includes a control circuit having a switch element and a switch control unit, and a load. One terminal of load is connected to a direct-current power supply through the switch element, and the other terminal is connected to a ground electric potential. The switch control unit has a ground terminal connected to the ground electric potential and outputting a ground current flowing toward the ground electric potential. The control circuit includes a bypass device having a load side bypass system for passing the ground current to the ground electric potential through the load when connection between the ground terminal and the ground electric potential is disconnected.

Abstract: An analysis method for a semiconductor device is described. The semiconductor device having an abnormal region is provided. Thereafter, a focused ion beam microscope analysis process is performed to the abnormal region, wherein the result of the focused ion beam microscope analysis process shows that the abnormal region has a defect therein. After the focused ion beam microscope analysis process, an electrical property measurement step is performed to the abnormal region, so as to determine whether the defect in the abnormal region is a device failure root cause or not.

Abstract: A detection circuit and one or more wires or circuit traces are included in a die. The combination is used to detect mechanical failure of the substrate, e.g. silicon after singulation of the dice from the wafer. Failures may be detected at different regions or planes within the die, and the tests may be performed during operation of the packaged die and integrated circuit, even after installation and during operation of a larger electronic device in which it is incorporated. This is especially useful for chip scale packages, but may be utilized in any type of IC package.

Abstract: A method involves identifying a leak location in a cable television system using a detection system, calculating a distance between the leak location and a plurality of shapes or points contained in map data to identify the nearest shape or point, and providing a piece of information corresponding to the nearest shape or point. The piece of information may be a street address or a device.

Abstract: A system for inspecting an electromagnetic coupling module includes a radio IC chip and a feeder circuit board on which the radio IC chip is mounted, the feeder circuit board includes a feeder circuit including an inductance element. This inspecting system measures the electromagnetic coupling module by electromagnetically coupling a probe of a measuring device to the electromagnetic coupling module by at least one of electrostatic coupling and electromagnetic coupling. In addition, the electromagnetic coupling modules are manufactured using this inspecting system.

Abstract: A communicating faulted circuit indicator (“FCI”) apparatus, as well as methods for using the apparatus. A sensor is configured to collect data relating to a state of an electrical conductor. A controller is logically coupled to the sensor and configured to receive the data collected by the sensor and to determine whether to communicate the collected data to a location remote from the FCI. A communications facility is logically coupled to the controller and configured to communicate the data to the remote location in response to the controller's determination to communicate the data to the remote location. The communications facility can include a cellular communications device. The remote location can comprise a cellular communications device. The remote location also can be a computer system configured to receive communications from the FCI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining location of faults in a wind power plant comprising a first plurality of wind turbines arranged in n groups, each group comprising mn wind turbines electrically arranged in series, each of the wind turbines having a fault detector and a timing device for recording a time of fault occurrence, all groups electrically connected via a bus bar. The method may comprise the steps of detecting a fault, obtaining a status indicator from each of the fault detectors and timing devices, evaluating time of fault occurrence for two wind turbines in each of the n groups to determine if the fault have occurred inside a group, evaluating if a fault is registered in the wind turbine closest to the bus bar in each group. Further the present invention relates to a wind park.

Abstract: A method and an adaptive distance protection relay for compensating for a remote line end infeed effect during determination of a distance to a resistive fault on a three-phase power transmission line. It is assumed that a fault current flows through the fault resistance. A fault loop impedance is first calculated by a known algorithm from phase voltages and phase currents. A shift of the fault loop impedance is determined from the fault loop impedance, the impedance of the transmission line for the positive current sequence and the phase angle of a complex fault current distribution factor, where the fault current distribution factor is the ratio of the fault loop current to the fault current. The distance to fault is calculated by subtracting the impedance shift from the fault loop impedance and dividing the result by the impedance of the transmission line for the positive current sequence.

Abstract: A power line communication-based aircraft power distribution system may allow for both power line communication (PLC) technology and spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) technology to be utilized in aircraft power distribution systems to achieve key maintenance functions. Unlike conventional power distribution systems, which may, for example, use only SSTDR for fault detection, the present invention includes a hardware platform that may allow both the PLC and the SSTDR to be utilized in aircraft power distribution systems to achieve key maintenance functions, such as real time wire fault location, and cost and weight savings. Further, unlike conventional power distribution systems, which may only detect and locate damage in feeder conductor wire sections before the power is applied to the load, the power distribution system of the present invention may permit real time wire fault location.

Abstract: A fault location estimation system includes single-fault-assumed diagnostic unit nodes; error-observation node basis candidate classification unit; inclusion fault candidate group selection unit; inter-pattern overlapping unit; and multiple-fault simulation checking unit.