Abstract: This application relates to an active current compensation device which actively compensates for a noise occurring in a common mode in each of two or more high-current paths. In one aspect, the active current compensation device includes a sensing unit configured to generate an output signal corresponding to a common-mode noise current on each of the two or more high-current paths, and an amplification unit configured to amplify the output signal to generate an amplified current. The device may also include a compensation unit configured to generate a compensation current on the basis of the amplified current and allow the compensation current to flow to each of the two or more high-current paths, and a malfunction detection unit configured to detect a malfunction of the amplification unit. The malfunction detection unit and at least a portion of the amplification unit may be embedded in one integrated circuit (IC) chip.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a variable filter for an analog electromagnetic signal against circuit oscillation includes the steps of: providing a signal loop comprising a signal input, a signal output, and a plurality of variable circuit elements connected in the signal loop, the plurality of variable circuit elements comprising an adjustable resonator and an adjustable gain block, the signal loop having a variable frequency response that is characterized by a central frequency, a frequency passband, a response Q, and an operating point and a resonator response curve that are plottable in a Cartesian s-plane having an origin, a real axis, and an imaginary axis; and maintaining stability of the variable filter within an operating range by controlling the adjustable resonator and the adjustable gain block such that, in the Cartesian s-plane, the resonator response curve satisfies an orthogonality stability condition.

Abstract: A high-frequency amplifier for an active EMI filter with a symmetric class B emitter-follower output stage driven by a driver stage, with a sense output resistor. Both terminals of the sense resistor are brought to the noninverting, respecting inverting input of the driver stage through two dividers of the same ratio, in a global voltage feedback loop. The amplifier is configured to provide a high output impedance at 10 kHz and up to 100 MHz, a peak-to-peak output current of 2-10 ampere and a low quiescent current of less than 400 mA. The invention includes EMI filters with such a high-frequency current source, for example in the current-sense current-inject feedback configuration.

Abstract: A multi-tune filter system and a control system for operating the multi-tune filter system are described herein. The multi-tune filter system is a tunable frequency range filter. Further, the multi-tune filter system is a digitally programmable filter with an adjustable passband between first and second customizable frequency bounds f1, f2.

Abstract: A device includes an analog to digital converter configured to convert voltages into a digital signal by sampling the voltages at a fixed sampling time; a first multiplier configured to multiply the digital signal with in-phase coefficients, the in-phase coefficients generated to produce a demodulated in-phase signal at a demodulation signal frequency; a first adder configured accumulate the demodulated in-phase signal to output in-phase magnitude values; a second multiplier configured to multiply the digital signal with quadrature coefficients, the quadrature coefficients generated to produce a demodulated quadrature signal at the demodulation signal frequency; and a second adder configured to accumulate the demodulated quadrature signal to output quadrature magnitude values.

Abstract: A method for operating a power system connected to a power grid includes providing an active filter in the converter power path. Further, the method includes determining a change in attenuation of harmonics of the power system over a predetermined frequency spectrum that is needed to comply with one or more grid code requirements of the power grid. Thus, the method includes actively controlling, via a controller, the active filter to provide the change to the attenuation of the harmonics of the power system so as to mitigate the harmonics of the power system.

Abstract: Systems (10) and methods (12) of controlling an ultrasonic surgical tool (20) with a console (22) are provided. A first drive signal (40) is applied to the ultrasonic surgical tool (20). A characteristic of a harmonic signal (44) resulting from application of the first drive signal (40) to the ultrasonic surgical tool (20) is acquired. A cancellation signal (70) is generated based on the characteristic of the harmonic signal (44). The first drive signal (40) and the cancellation signal (70) are combined to produce a second drive signal (80) that is sinusoidal. The second drive signal (80) is applied to the ultrasonic surgical tool (20) such that presence of the harmonic signal (44) resulting from application of the second drive signal (80) is reduced relative to presence of the harmonic signal (44) resulting from application of the first drive signal (40).

Abstract: Systems and methods for correction of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) using neural networks are described. In an illustrative, non-limiting embodiment, a device may include: an ADC; a filter coupled to the ADC, where the filter is configured to receive an output from the ADC and to produce a filtered output; and a neural network coupled to the filter, where the neural network is configured to receive the filtered output and to produce a corrected output.

Abstract: A trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) includes a first circuit, a second circuit, and a third circuit. Both the first circuit and the second circuit are coupled to a current source, an operational amplifier, and the third circuit. The first circuit is configured to receive a first current, provide a third voltage to the third circuit, perform shape filtering on the first current, and convert the shape filtered first current to a first voltage for output. The second circuit is configured to receive a second current, provide a fourth voltage to the third circuit, perform shape filtering on the second current, and convert the shape filtered second current to a second voltage for output. The third circuit is configured to cooperate with the first circuit and the second circuit in performing shape filtering. The operational amplifier is configured to provide a small-signal virtual ground point to the first circuit.

Abstract: An active filter reduces Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) created by current flowing through a power line. The active filter connects to the power line at a single node through a connection capacitor. A sense current flows through the connection capacitor when the power line current changes. This sense current is applied to a gain control circuit having cross-coupled PNP transistors that drive currents to both terminals of a variable capacitor. The variable capacitor converts these currents to a voltage that is injected back into the power line through the connection capacitor as an injected compensation voltage that compensates for the sensed current.

Abstract: A system may include a front end differential amplifier having two input terminals, two input resistors, each of the two input resistors coupled to a respective one of the two input terminals, and an input common mode biasing circuit for an output stage of the front end differential amplifier, the input common mode biasing circuit comprising two current sources configured to generate currents for biasing the output stage of the front end differential amplifier.

Abstract: An underwater acoustic communication system for a mobile electronic device, such as a smartphone, has a communication unit with one or more ultrasonic transducers to transmit and receive underwater ultrasonic signals. The communication unit is connected to an audio auxiliary interface of the mobile electronic device. A processing unit in communication with the auxiliary interface receives RF signals from and transmits RF signals to the communication unit via the audio auxiliary interface.

Abstract: A digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier includes: a single capacitor directly connected at one end to an input voltage and at another end to a negative input of an operational amplifier; the operational amplifier including a negative feedback loop; and a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA) connected to an output of the operational amplifier. The DCCA digitally controls the digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier. The digitally controlled grounded capacitor multiplier comprises only two active devices consisting of the operational amplifier and the DCCA.

Abstract: A time constant calibration circuit and method. The circuit comprises a resistor, a capacitor, an amplifier, a first switch and a second switch. The resistance of the resistor and/or the capacitance of the capacitor is variable. A first terminal of the resistor, a first terminal of the capacitor and a first input of the amplifier are coupled to a common node, which is coupleable to a reference current source. A second input of the amplifier is coupleable to a reference voltage. An output of the amplifier is coupled to a second terminal of the resistor and a second terminal of the capacitor. The circuit can perform a calibration process comprising one or more calibration cycles in which the switches route a reference current through the resistor in a first phase and through the capacitor in a second phase. The resistance and/or the capacitance is adjusted between calibration cycles.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein that relate to a wireless device that intelligently uses different reference crystal oscillators (XOs) for a Phase Locked Loop(s) (PLL(s)) in a transceiver of the wireless device. Embodiments of a method of operation of a wireless device comprising a first XO that operates at a first reference frequency and a second XO that operates at a second reference frequency that is greater than the first reference frequency are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method of operation of the wireless devices comprises making a decision as to whether to configure a receiver of the wireless device to use the first XO or the second XO and configuring the receiver of the wireless device to use the first XO or the second XO in accordance with the decision.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a process that includes one or more of receiving an audio signal from a feedback path of a feedback compressor circuit, determining whether an auxiliary attenuation value applied to the feedback compressor circuit has changed since a last audio signal was received, responsive to determining the auxiliary value has changed, determining a current operational state value of the LPF needs to be modified based on the changed auxiliary attenuation value, modifying the operational state value of the LPF, and applying the audio signal to the modified LPF.

Abstract: A circuit includes first through fourth transistors and a device. The first transistor has a control input and first and second current terminals. The control input provides a first input to the circuit. The second transistor has a control input and first and second current terminals. The control input provides a second input to the circuit. The third transistor has a control input and first and second current terminals. The fourth transistor has a control input and first and second current terminals. The second current terminal of the fourth transistor is coupled to the second current terminal of the third transistor, and the control input of the fourth transistor is coupled to the first current terminals of the first and second transistors. The device is configured to provide a fixed voltage to the control input of the third transistor.

Abstract: A wireless device including a receiver circuit coupled to a radio frequency receiver node, a frequency selective attenuator including an inductor and a first capacitor coupled in series to the radio frequency receiver node, and a second capacitor coupled in parallel with the first capacitor. The first capacitor has a first capacitance based on a blocker frequency and the second capacitor has a second capacitance that linearizes the frequency selective attenuator. A method of linearizing a frequency selective attenuator including detecting presence of a blocker signal, activating and programming a capacitor of the frequency selective attenuator to reduce a strength of the blocker signal, determining a frequency difference between the blocker signal and a receive frequency, and coupling a second capacitor to the frequency selective attenuator to linearize the frequency selective attenuator when the frequency difference is no more than an attenuation threshold.

Abstract: An electrical balance duplexer has multiple impedance gradients and multiple impedance tuners. The electrical balance duplexer transmits an outgoing signal from a transmitter during a transmission mode when a first set of impedance gradients of the multiple impedance gradients is operating in a first impedance state and a first set of impedance tuners of the multiple impedance tuners is operating in a second state. The electrical balance duplexer isolates the outgoing signal from a receiver during the transmission mode when a second set of impedance gradients of the multiple impedance gradients and a second set of impedance tuners of the multiple impedance tuners are operating in the second impedance state.

Abstract: An amplifying circuit and a rectifying antenna are provided. The amplifying circuit includes: a first rectifying circuit, configured to output a first direct current signal according to a first alternating current signal; a second rectifying circuit, configured to output a second direct current signal according to a second alternating current signal; a differential amplifying circuit, configured to receive the first direct current signal and the second direct current signal, amplify a difference between the first direct current signal and the second direct current signal, and output an amplified difference between the first direction current signal and the second direct current, the first direct current signal and the second direct current signal have directions opposite to each other.

Abstract: An active filter reduces Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) created by current flowing through a power line. The active filter connects to the power line at a single node through a connection capacitor. A sense current flows through the connection capacitor when the power line current changes. This sense current is applied to a non-inverting input of an op amp to drive a power amplifier circuit through a filter capacitor. The power amplifier circuit increases the current drive of the op amp to charge a transfer capacitor that converts the power amplifier output current to a transfer voltage. The transfer capacitor is connected to the connection capacitor so that the transfer voltage is injected back into the power line through the connection capacitor as an injected voltage that compensates for the sensed current. Op amp gain is adjustable by variable resistors that connect to the inverting input of the op amp.

Abstract: Portable communications devices with reduced interference between communication systems. One embodiment provides a portable communications device including a first antenna, a second antenna, a first transceiver configured to operate over a first range of frequencies, a second transceiver configured to operate over a second range of frequencies and a third range of frequencies. The portable communications device includes an isolator circuit coupling the first transceiver and the second transceiver to the first antenna and the second antenna. The isolator circuit is configured to provide isolation between the first transceiver and the second transceiver when the second transceiver is operating in the second range of frequencies. The portable communications device further includes a bidirectional diplexer coupling the second transceiver to the isolator circuit.

Abstract: A control device controls an inverter such that a detected value of an output current of an inverter follows a current command value. The control device is configured to calculate a current deviation between the current command value and the detected value of the output current of the inverter, and control switching of switching elements to allow the calculated current deviation to be equal to or less than a current deviation command value. The control device sets a current limiter for a load current, the current limiter being smaller than an over current level, a load current with a current limiter smaller than an overcurrent level. When the detected value of the load current is larger than the current limiter, the control device reduces the current deviation command value to be smaller than that applied when the load current is smaller than the current limiter.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a background noise estimator and a method therein, for supporting sound activity detection in an audio signal segment. The method comprises reducing a current background noise estimate when the audio signal segment is determined to comprise music and the current background noise estimate exceeds a minimum value. This is to be performed when an energy level of an audio signal segment is more than a threshold higher than a long term minimum energy level, lt_min, which is determined over a plurality of preceding audio signal segments, or, when the energy level of the audio signal segment is less than a threshold higher than lt_min, but no pause is detected in the audio signal segment.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a cancellation device for cancelling interference caused by a non-linear device, the cancellation device comprising: an adaptive filter coupled in parallel to the non-linear device, wherein the adaptive filter is configured to filter an input signal of the non-linear device to generate an approximation signal approximating an output signal of the non-linear device; an error signal generator configured to generate an error signal based on a function of the output signal and the approximation signal; and a controller configured to adjust the adaptive filter based on the error signal and a phase and magnitude relation of the output signal and the input signal.

Abstract: A contactless readable programmable transponder to monitor chip join and method of use are disclosed. The method includes reading a frequency of an oscillator associated with a chip module. The method further includes correlating the frequency with a bond quality of the chip module.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first transconductance stage having an output. The circuit further includes an output transconductance stage, and a first source-degenerated transistor having a first control input and first and second current terminals. The first control input is coupled to the output of the first transconductance stage. The circuit also includes a second transistor having a second control input and third and fourth current terminals. The third current terminal is coupled to the second current terminal and to the output transconductance stage.

Abstract: A radio frequency receiver is provided that comprises an antenna, an RF amplifier, at least one down conversion mixer stage and a variable notch filter. The at least one down-conversion mixer stage is arranged to act on signals provided by the RF amplifier and is tuned to a tuned frequency ft which is selected from a plurality of possible tuned frequencies corresponding to a frequency of the RF signal to be received at the antenna. The variable notch filter is arranged to act on signals passing from the antenna to the RF amplifier and has a resonance frequency fr which is selected from a plurality of possible resonance frequencies such that fr=ft in where n is a whole number between 2 and 10. The variable notch filter thereby acts to attenuate signals from the antenna at said resonance frequency.

Abstract: A device and method for controllably delaying an electrical signal includes a first signal transfer path between a signal input and a signal output. The first signal transfer path includes a first signal transfer stage with a first differential pair and a common, adjustable first quiescent current source, and a second signal transfer path between the signal input and the signal output. The second signal transfer path includes a second signal transfer stage with a second differential pair and a common, adjustable second quiescent current source. An internal delay stage is arranged between the signal input and the second signal transfer stage and has a third differential pair and a common, adjustable third quiescent current source, and signal combination stage for additively superimposing the electrical signal transferred via the first signal transfer path on to the electrical signal transferred via the second signal transfer path.

Abstract: A signal error calibrating method is disclosed herein and includes following steps: filtering an error voltage in a sensor by a low pass filter in a calibration mode; converting the offset voltage to be a digital offset signal by an analog digital signal converter; converting the digital offset signal to be an offset calibrating signal by a digital analog signal converter; transmitting the offset calibrating signal to an input end of the sensor so as to offset an error voltage at the input end of the sensor. After calibrating the error voltage, the analog digital converter in the error calibrating circuit can be used for the need of signal output and the low pass filter is turned off at the same time.

Abstract: As one example, a filter apparatus includes an input to receive an electrical input signal. The filter apparatus includes a forward path connected between the input and an output of the filter apparatus. A feedback path is connected to provide feedback to the forward path based on an output signal at the output of the filter apparatus. A filter bypass is configured to provide the input signal directly to the output and to the feedback path for an activation phase of the filter apparatus. Diagnostics may also be performed.

Abstract: A correction method and a correction circuit for a sigma-delta modulator (SDM) are provided. The SDM includes a loop filter, a quantizer, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The correction method includes the following steps: controlling the DAC not to receive the output of the quantizer; controlling the SDM to stop receiving signals; inputting a test signal to the DAC; converting the output of the loop filter to a digital signal; comparing the digital signal with a preset value; and adjusting the loop filter according to the result of comparing the digital signal and the preset value.

Abstract: An amplifier device (14) is adapted for an antenna-like transducer for MRI applications, especially for an RF coil. The amplifier device (14) includes at least one amplifier channel (16) including: an input connection device (18) for connecting an RF signal source (12); an output connection device (20) for connecting the antenna-like RF transducer; an RF amplifier unit (22); and an impedance matching circuit (24) configured to adapt the coupling of the RF amplifier unit (22) to the actually connected antenna-like RF transducer with regard to an actual load of the amplifier device (14). The load results from the combination of the antenna-like RF transducer and a person or sample interacting with the antenna-like RF transducer. The impedance matching circuit (24) establishes an electric line (34) between the RF amplifier unit (22) and the antenna-like transducer with an adjustable line length.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a multi-band radio frequency (RF) circuit. The multi-band RF circuit includes multiple antenna ports coupled to multiple antennas and an antenna swapping circuit coupled to the multiple antenna ports. Control circuitry in the multi-band RF circuit controls the antenna swapping circuit to selectively couple various transmit and/or receive filters with any one or more of the multiple antenna ports to support uplink carrier aggregation (ULCA) and/or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operations with a minimum number of transmit and receive filters. Transmit filters of adjacent RF bands are physically separated, but disposed in proximity, in the multi-band RF circuit to help reduce intermodulation products between the adjacent RF bands during the ULCA operation. As a result, it is possible to improve RF performance of ULCA and MIMO operations, without increasing complexity, cost, and footprint of the multi-band RF circuit.

Abstract: Technology for a channelization device of a wideband repeater is disclosed. The channelization device can include a first diplexer and a second diplexer. The channelization device can include a plurality of switchable signal paths between the first diplexer and the second diplexer operable to perform channelized passive filtering of signals in defined bands. The channelization device can include a plurality of switchable pass through signal paths between the first diplexer and the second diplexer operable to pass through signals in the defined bands without filtering of the signals. The channelization device can be configured to perform channelized passive filtering of signals with no amplification of the signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device, comprising: a lens having an adjustable focal length. According to the invention, a light source which is configured to emit light that is affected by said lens and impinges on at least a first photosensitive element, which is designed to generate a first output signal corresponding to the intensity of light impinging on it, wherein the first photosensitive element is configured to measure only a portion of the intensity distribution of said emitted light, and wherein the light source, the lens and the first photosensitive element are configured such that a change of the focal length of said lens changes the intensity distribution of the emitted light that impinges on the first photosensitive element, so that each focal length of the lens is associated to a specific first output signal generated by the first photosensitive element.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to systems and methods for analyzing sensor data using incremental autoregression techniques for generating a vector of autoregression coefficients is provided. The system processes a time series data to obtain blocks of observation values, reads the observation values, updates pre-stored convolution values with the observation values, updates a partial sum by adding each observation value to the partial sum, increments a count each time an observation value is read, repeats the steps of updates and increments until a last observation value from a last block is read to obtain an updated set of convolution values, partial sum, and count. The system further computes a first matrix and a second matrix using the updated set of convolutions values, or summation of observation values computed from the updated partial sum, or the updated count, and generates a vector of autoregression coefficients based on the first and the second matrix.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a device comprising one or more processing devices comprising an input and an output. The one or more processing devices are configured to receive an input signal via the input of the one or more processing devices. The one or more processing devices are further configured to apply a transfer function of a variable filter implemented via the one or more processing devices, the transfer function applied to the received input signal in order to generate a filtered signal, wherein application of the transfer function cancels, reduces, attenuates, or eliminates intermodulation byproducts of the input signal. The one or more processing devices are further configured to output the filtered signal via the output of the one or more processing devices.

Abstract: Polyphase gm-C filters can use matching gm cell components for improved higher image rejection results. Polyphase gm-C filter cells all can be matched by incorporating a matching gmu value in each of the gm components. The matching gmu value used to replace different gm values can be determined for incorporation into each gm cell component of a filter by: calculating coupling of gmi, gmij by gmi=Ci?0 and gmij=Czij?0 for i,j; calculating Ki=gmi/gmu; rounding Ki to an integer number, Ni=round(Ki), KiNi and Nij=round(Kij), KijNij; calculating a scaling factor for circuit capacitors Ci and Czijby ?i=(Ni?Ki)/Ki and ?ij=(Nij?Kij)/Kij; and adjusting circuit capacitors Ci and Czij by CiCi*(1+?i) and CzijCzij*(1+?ij). Once the process is completed for i,j, the result can be implemented to match gm cell components of traditional and newly designed polyphase gm-C filters with the matching gmu value.

Abstract: Methods and systems for substantially simultaneously scan of two or more frequencies using one transceiver are discussed herein. For example, a listening device can include a controller configured to control its transceiver to alternate between two or more frequencies from two or more sets of frequencies. The controller is also configured to capture a portion of a preamble of a received signal to determine whether the received signal is intended for the listening device.

Abstract: A method evaluates a frequency spectrum representative of at least one time-dependent signal, the at least one time dependent signal being derived from an output from a measuring device under predetermined measuring device operating conditions. The time-dependent signal, includes a portion being representative of a wanted signal, and a portion being representative of noise. The method includes the steps of determining, based on the frequency spectrum of the signal, a value representative of the noise floor, identifying, based on the frequency spectrum of the signal derived under the predetermined operating condition, a peak component, and if the peak component satisfies a relative peak criterion determined on the basis of the determined value representative of the noise floor, determining the wanted signal by applying a predetermined algorithm. The invention further relates to a method for determining flow of a vortex measuring device, and a vortex sensor.

Abstract: A filter circuit includes a filter and a current mode programmable gain amplifier, where the filter circuit is configured to filter an input signal to obtain an output signal. The filter is supplied with the input signal. The filter comprises at least one current extraction element configured to extract a first output current signal. The current mode programmable gain amplifier is configured to receive and amplify the first output current signal to obtain an amplified current signal. The output signal is derived from the amplified current signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a multi-band radio frequency (RF) front-end circuit. When a first antenna transmits an RF transmit signal in an RF transmit band, a second antenna may receive the RF transmit signal as an interference signal. The multi-band RF front-end circuit includes multiple receive filters for receiving an RF receive signal in multiple RF receive bands. A selected receive filter among the multiple receive filters is opportunistically reconfigured to help suppress the interference signal. Specifically, a bandpass bandwidth of the selected receive filter is expanded to include at least a portion of the RF spectrum of the interference signal. By doing so, it is possible to shunt the interference signal to a ground through the selected receive filter. As a result, it is possible to reduce an adverse impact of the interference signal to improve RF performance of the multi-band RF front-end circuit.

Abstract: A RC oscillator comprises a resistor unit. The resistor unit can comprise at least one set of compensation resistor. Each set of compensation resistor comprises a positive temperature coefficient resistor and a negative temperature coefficient resistor coupled in series with the positive temperature coefficient resistor.

Abstract: A simulator assistance method and system adaptively mitigates Pilot Induced Oscillations (PIOs) with respect to axes of rotation about the vehicle's center of mass. The method detects PIOs in a body rate signal by band pass filtering the body rate signal, and provides an adaptive response based on the amplitude of the body rate signal within the frequency band.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a multi-band radio frequency (RF) circuit. The multi-band RF circuit includes multiple antenna ports coupled to multiple antennas and an antenna swapping circuit coupled to the multiple antenna ports. Control circuitry in the multi-band RF circuit controls the antenna swapping circuit to selectively couple various transmit and/or receive filters with any one or more of the multiple antenna ports to support uplink carrier aggregation (ULCA) and/or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operations with a minimum number of transmit and receive filters. Transmit filters of adjacent RF bands are physically separated, but disposed in proximity, in the multi-band RF circuit to help reduce intermodulation products between the adjacent RF bands during the ULCA operation. As a result, it is possible to improve RF performance of ULCA and MIMO operations, without increasing complexity, cost, and footprint of the multi-band RF circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for filtering common mode disturbances from a power electronic device are disclosed. In an embodiment the device includes a first capacitor coupled in series to a first one-way conductor, the first one-way conductor allowing current flow in one direction, wherein the first one-way conductor and the first capacitor are coupled between a load node and a reference potential and a second capacitor coupled in series to a second one-way conductor, the second one-way conductor allowing current flow in an opposite direction, wherein the second one-way conductor and the second capacitor are coupled between the load node and the reference potential. The device further includes a third capacitor being coupled between the load node and the reference potential, a first switch bypassing the first one-way conductor and a second switch bypassing the second one-way conductor.

Abstract: A palm-size portable ?NMR relaxometer system for performing multi-step multi-sample chemical/biological assays, comprising a PCB having a CMOS ?NMR transceiver and a DMF device integrated thereon. A portable magnet has an inner gap configured to at least partially receive the DMF device. The DMF device comprises a platform of electrodes including a sensing site and receives one or more samples for analysis at an electrode and automatically transports the one or more samples on individual paths sequentially to the sensing site, for performing sensing on each sample sequentially. A Butterfly coil disposed on the PCB and underneath the DMF device and is at least partially received in the inner gap. The Butterfly coil excites the sample at the ?NMR sensing site by transducing a magnetic field produced at the sensing site to an electrical signal which is processed by the CMOS ?NMR transceiver to produce an analytical signal.

Abstract: Provided is a polyphase filter, which is capable of achieving amplitude matching and phase matching while achieving a low insertion loss with a single-stage configuration. A first variable resistor and a second variable resistor have resistance values that are equal to each other, and the resistance values are set so as to correct an amplitude error between orthogonal signals of outputs of a first output terminal to a fourth output terminal. A first variable capacitor, a second variable capacitor, a third variable capacitor, and a fourth variable capacitor have capacitance values that are equal to one another, and the capacitance values are set so as to correct a phase error between the orthogonal signals of the outputs of the first output terminal to the fourth output terminal.

Abstract: A filtering unit is presented. The filtering unit includes at least two operational amplifiers, where each of the at least two operational amplifiers includes an input end and an output end, where the input end of one operational amplifier is coupled across the corresponding input end of another operational amplifier of the at least two operational amplifiers. The filtering unit also includes a direct current link operatively coupled to the at least two operational amplifiers and at least one thermoelectric module, where each thermoelectric module includes a conducting layer, where the direct current link and at least one of the at least two operational amplifiers are operatively coupled to the at least one thermoelectric module. A filtering system is also presented.