Abstract: An overvoltage protection circuit is configured to protect a battery pack from overvoltage when the battery pack is in charge. The overvoltage protection circuit includes a power supply, an overvoltage protection chip, a controller and switching circuit. The power supply is configured to charge the battery pack. The overvoltage protection chip is electronically connected between the power supply and the battery pack, the overvoltage protection chip comprising a voltage detection pin. The controller is electronically connected to the battery pack and configured to detect whether the battery pack is a high voltage type battery pack or a normal voltage type battery, and outputting corresponding control signals according to the detection. The switching circuit comprises a switch and two voltage dividing circuits, the switch connecting a corresponding voltage dividing circuit to the positive pole of the battery pack and the voltage detection pin under control of the control signal.

Abstract: There is provided a power supply apparatus including an overvoltage protection function, the power supply apparatus including: a power supply unit supplying a predetermined input power supply; a rectification unit generating a first power supply by rectifying the input power supply; a main circuit unit generating a second power supply from the first power supply; and an overvoltage blocking unit blocking overvoltages and overcurrents, wherein the overvoltage blocking unit includes varistors connected between at least one of a live line and a neutral line of the input power supply and a ground.

Abstract: A photovoltaic string may include an open circuit voltage limiter that conducts current in one direction to provide a limiter voltage less than an open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string, and that conducts current in the other direction. One or more open circuit voltage limiters may be connected across the photovoltaic string or across selected groups of solar cells of the photovoltaic string. The limiter voltage may be greater than a maximum power point voltage but less than the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string.

Abstract: An overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit includes a connection jack, an overvoltage protection switch connected to the connection jack, an overcurrent protection switch, a voltage reference module, an overvoltage and overcurrent detection module, a comparing module, and a current control module. The overcurrent protection switch is connected to the overvoltage protection switch in serials, and further connected to a load. The voltage reference module is to output a reference voltage. The overvoltage and overcurrent detection module is to detect the voltage of the load and the current of the path. The comparing module is to compare the voltage of the load with the reference voltage, when greater, turns off the overvoltage protection switch, when not greater, turns on the overvoltage protection switch. The current control module is to turn off the overcurrent protection switch if greater than the preset value, and turn on the overcurrent protection switch if not greater.

Abstract: The ESD protection circuit is electrically connected between a first power rail and a second power rail, and includes an ESD protection device, a switching device electrically connected between the ESD protection device and a first power rail, and a low-pass filter electrically connected between the first power rail and the first switching device. The ESD protection device includes a BJT and a first resistor electrically connected between a base of the BJT and a first power rail. When no ESD event occurs, a potential of the base is larger than or equal to a potential of an emitter of the BJT. When the ESD event occurs, the potential of the base is smaller than the potential of the emitter.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting equipment connected to a high voltage direct current line comprises a current valve having at least one semiconductor device and a rectifying member connected in anti-parallel therewith. A surge arrester is configured to connect said current valve to said line, and a control unit is configured to control the current valve to conduct for draining current from the line to ground.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection circuit includes a power device for outputting a plurality of first powers, a plurality of VRMs for respectively receiving the plurality of first powers, a plurality of voltage dividing circuits, a reference power supply for outputting a reference voltage, and a comparison circuit having a comparator. Each VRM converts a corresponding first power to a regulated second power. The plurality of voltage dividing circuits respectively divides voltages of the second powers, each voltage dividing circuit outputs a divided voltage. The comparator compares a combination of the divided voltages with the reference voltage, and when an overvoltage occurs in at least one of the second powers, the comparator outputs a control signal via the output terminal to the power device to control the power device to shut down all of the first powers.

Abstract: A device may include a switch and a circuit coupled to the switch. The switch may include a structure with a top portion and a bottom portion and a material included within the structure. The material is configured to expand within the structure when voltage is applied to the material. The switch may also include a conductive element located in a bottom portion of the structure and connected to the material, wherein the conductive element operates to electrically close the switch when the applied voltage exceeds a threshold. The circuit includes a resistor. The circuit is configured to reduce the voltage supplied to components of the device when the switch is closed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, such as those involving a junction field effect transistor for voltage protection. One such apparatus includes a protection circuit including an input, an output, and a JFET. The JFET has a source electrically coupled to the input, and a drain electrically coupled to the output, wherein the JFET has a pinch-off voltage (Vp) of greater than 2 V in magnitude. The apparatus further includes an internal circuit having an input configured to receive a signal from the output of the protection circuit. The protection circuit provides protection over the internal circuit from overvoltage and/or undervoltage conditions while having a reduced size compared to a JFET having a Vp of smaller than 2 V in magnitude.

Abstract: A converter cell of a modular converter is provided. The converter cell includes a bridging unit which has a mechanical bistable relay, an electronic switch, a drive for switching the relay and the electronic switch, and an energy store for supplying power to the mechanical relay, the electronic switch and the drive. The drive includes passive overvoltage detection configured to charge the energy store if the overvoltage is exceeded. The drive includes an additional switch which is closed when a voltage on the energy store exceeds a predefined value, and the drive supplies current from the energy store to at least one of the relay and the electronic switch. The drive has hysteresis, such that, if the voltage on the energy store is undershot, at least one of the relay and the electronic switch is still supplied with current from the energy store.

Abstract: Bus container 1 of cylindrical shape is filled with insulating gas and main circuit conductor 2 is housed with bus container 1 in taut condition. Bus container 1 has flange 3. Current transformer container 4 is installed adjacently to bus container 1. Current transformer container 4 includes inner cylinder 5 and outer sealing member 6. On the periphery of inner cylinder 5, three current transformers 11 are provided interposing insulative cushioning material 10. Other longitudinal end of inner cylinder 5 and bus container 1 are arranged so that insulation gap 9 is formed in between. Between inner cylinder 5 and outer sealing member 6 on insulation gap 9 side, varistor 15 of which resistance varies depending on a applied voltage is electrically connected through bonding conductor 16. Varistor 15 turns into a conducting state when a surge voltage over a predetermined intensity is applied.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection device for protecting a wind turbine against overvoltage is provided. The overvoltage protection device includes an electrical transformer for transforming electrical power generated by a wind turbine generator from a low-voltage region to a medium-voltage region. The electrical transformer includes at least one secondary winding electrically connected to the generator of the wind turbine, at least one primary winding electrically connected to an electrical utility grid receiving the generated electrical power, and at least one counter-winding for receiving a counter-current. A winding direction of the counter-winding is opposite to a winding direction of at least one of the primary winding and the secondary winding.

Abstract: A defibrillation circuit comprising a gas discharge tube and a light source arranged to pre-energize the gas discharge tube in order to provide predictable breakdown conditions of the gas discharge tube. The gas discharge tube may be used as an overvoltage protection device for the defibrillation circuit or for certain parts of the defibrillation circuit. An overvoltage protection device for medical devices is also described. The overvoltage protection device comprises a gas discharge tube and a light source arranged to pre-energize the gas discharge tube in order to provide predictable breakdown conditions of the gas discharge tube.

Abstract: An automatic thermal shutdown circuit includes: a first temperature detection unit detecting a temperature equal to or above a pre-set first temperature to provide a first temperature detection signal; a second temperature detection unit detecting a pre-set second temperature, lower than the first temperature, and providing a second temperature detection signal; and a shutdown signal generation unit providing a shut down signal according to the first temperature detection signal from the first temperature detection unit and cutting the shutdown signal according to the second temperature detection signal from the second temperature detection unit.

Abstract: Provided is a transistor protection circuit capable of appropriately protecting a transistor even when a switching frequency is high. A transistor protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is a transistor protection circuit for protecting a voltage-driven transistor that is switch-controlled by the application of a high-potential-side voltage or low-potential-side voltage of a power supply to a gate terminal of the transistor by a drive circuit. The transistor protection circuit has a power supply controller that gradually lowers the high-potential-side voltage of the power supply upon receiving a protection command for executing protection of the transistor.

Abstract: In a wireless tag with which a wireless communication system whose electric power of a carrier wave from a R/W is high, an overvoltage protection circuit is provided to prevent from generating excessive electric power in the wireless tag when the wireless tag receives excessive electric power. However, as noise is generated by operation of the overvoltage protection circuit, an error of reception occurs in receiving a signal whose modulation factor is small. To solve the problem, the maximum value of generated voltage in the wireless tag is held in a memory circuit after the overvoltage protection circuit operates, then the overvoltage protection circuit is controlled in accordance with the maximum value of generated voltage. The voltages at which the overvoltage protection circuit starts and stops operating are different from each other, and hysteresis occurs between the timing when the overvoltage protection circuit starts and stops operating.

Abstract: A novel inductive overvoltage suppression circuit for power converters is presented. High amplitude voltage spikes are generally occurring in high frequency power converters in presence of small parasitic inductances coupled to the power distribution rails, in correspondence of the switching transitions, particularly when high load currents are required. The presented invention proposes active clamps to limit the amplitude of the overvoltage. Furthermore the excess energy in the parasitic inductances is utilized to provide energy and/or a signal to determine when to turn on the next phase power device with the fastest transition possible without incurring in cross-conduction currents in the power stage of the converter, thus improving its overall performance, and circuit reliability in addition to achieving high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A power clamping circuit with temperature compensation is disclosed. The power clamping circuit, for a system voltage, includes a first diode, a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, a second diode, a comparator including a negative input terminal coupled to an anode of the first diode and a positive input terminal coupled to the resistor with the positive temperature coefficient, a transistor including a gate coupled to an output terminal of the comparator, a drain coupled to the system voltage and a source coupled to the ground, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for measuring the loss factor of an insulator (2) for medium or high voltages, equipped with a tap adapter (3) forming a point for picking up an electrical signal (4), comprises: a reference capacitor (9) having a first electrode (10), which can be connected to the tap adapter, and a second electrode (11); a first voltage detection module (12) operatively connected to the first electrode (10) of the reference capacitor (9) for detecting a signal representative of the voltage applied to the reference capacitor (9); an active electronic device (13) connected to earth and to the second electrode (11) of the reference capacitor (9) and configured to keep the potential of the second electrode (11) at a predetermined reference value; a second voltage detection module (14) operatively connected to an output of the active electronic device (13) in order to detect a signal representative of the electric current that flows through the reference capacitor (9).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to electrically protect a circuit for USB protection against excessive voltage and/or current such as ground loop damage. A circuit is connected between electrical components where at least one of the connections is a USB connection. There is a possibility for the ground points of the electrical components to be at different voltage potentials and can create a ground loop. The apparatus can include a voltage limiting circuit connected to circuit lines which connect to the USB connection, and circuit breakers or resistors can be connected to the circuit lines between the USB connection and the connection to the other electrical component. In some aspects, the connections at either end of the circuit can all be USB connections. The components of the apparatus protect the connected electrical components from receiving more power than they can tolerate, and protect a user of the electrical components from injury caused by excess power.

Abstract: There is described a protection apparatus against electrostatic discharges for an integrated circuit; said integrated circuit comprises a radiofrequency or higher frequencies internal circuit. The internal circuit has a first and a second terminals for the output or the input of a radiofrequency or higher frequencies signal. The apparatus comprises first means for electrically connecting said first and second terminals of the internal circuit to at least a PAD and the integrated circuit comprises at least a first and a second supply circuital lines and at least a first and a second protection devices against electrostatic discharges connected to said first and second supply lines. First means have a resistive component and each of said first and second protection devices against the electrostatic discharges have a parasitic capacitive component.

Abstract: A feedback control method of a pulse width modulator (PWM) voltage converter may include generating a control voltage as a sum of an offset voltage and an error signal representing a difference between a scaled replica of a regulated output voltage of the voltage converter and a reference voltage, comparing the control voltage with a ramp signal, the comparing operation generating PWM driving signals for the voltage converter, comparing the regulated output voltage of the voltage converter with an overshoot threshold, and reducing the control voltage when the overshoot threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp, coupled across input-output (I/O) and common (GND) terminals of a protected semiconductor device or integrated circuit is provided. One ESD clamp comprises an ESD transistor (ESDT) with source-drain coupled between the GND and I/O terminals, a first resistor coupled between the gate and source and a second resistor coupled between the ESDT body and source. Paralleling the resistors are control transistors with gates coupled to one or more bias supplies Vb, Vb?. The main power rail (Vdd) of the device or IC is a convenient source for Vb, Vb?. When the Vdd is off during shipment, handling, equipment assembly, etc., the ESD trigger voltage Vt1 is low, thereby providing maximum ESD protection when ESD risk is high. When Vdd is energized, Vt1 rises to a value large enough to avoid interference with normal circuit operation but still protect from ESD events.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection circuit includes a PMOS transistor Q1 that is disposed between an input circuit 21, from which an input voltage VIN is supplied, and a system 22 and functions as a switch. A comparator 110 compares the input voltage VIN with a predetermined reference voltage to determine the occurrence of an overvoltage. Further, the comparator 110 outputs a High level as an operation signal when no overvoltage is detected. A soft switching control circuit 130 starts up by using the High level output from the comparator 110 as an enable signal, and gradually turns on the PMOS transistor Q1. A sudden change of the load exerted on the circuit on the input side is suppressed by the soft start function.

Abstract: Rectifier circuits which are usable, instead of diodes, for rectifying alternating voltages, and which, like diodes, form two-terminal networks having a cathode terminal and an anode terminal. The power loss of these rectifier circuits is clearly less that the power loss of silicon p-n diodes. These rectifier circuits also include voltage clamping functions.

Abstract: A static relay system configured to be connected in series with an electrical load supplied with AC current, including: two series-connected field-effect transistors fabricated in a material having a high bandgap energy; a detector detecting a threshold of a voltage across the terminals of each of the transistors or of the two transistors; an electromechanical relay connected in series with the transistors; and a controller for opening at least one transistor or the electromechanical relay when the threshold voltage is exceeded.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for providing transient electrical event protection are disclosed. In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a detection and timing circuit, a current amplification circuit, and a clamping circuit. The detection and timing circuit is configured to detect a presence or absence of a transient electrical event at a first node, and to generate a first current for a first duration upon detection of the transient electrical event. The current amplification circuit is configured to receive the first current from the detection and timing circuit and to amplify the first current to generate a second current. The clamping circuit is electrically connected between the first node and a second node and receives the second current for activation. The clamping circuit is configured to activate a low impedance path between the first and second nodes in response to the second current, and to otherwise deactivate the low impedance path.

Abstract: A bi-directional over-voltage protection circuit and a method for blocking current flow therein. The bi-directional over-voltage protection circuit comprises a regulator coupled to a lockout circuit, wherein the regulator and the lockout circuit are coupled for receiving an input signal and are coupled to a charging control circuit. A reverse path control circuit has an input coupled for receiving a control signal and an output coupled to the charging control circuit. A multi-transistor switching circuit is coupled to the forward control circuit. Preferably, the gate of each n-channel MOSFET is coupled to the charging control circuit, the drains are coupled together, and the source of one of the n-channel MOSFETS is coupled to an input and the source of the other n-channel MOSFET is coupled to an output of the bi-directional over-voltage protection circuit.

Abstract: A solid state circuit breaker for disrupting the flow of direct current. A power transistor is used in series with the direct current. The power transistor disrupts the direct current only when it is in an off state. A first optoisolator and a second optoisolator are provided. The second optoisolator selectively alters the power transistor to its off state. The first optoisolator selectively controls the second optoisolator. A threshold resistor is provided through which the direct current passes. The threshold resistor creates a voltage differential. The voltage differential is supplied to the first optoisolator and activates the first optoisolator if the voltage differential is greater than a selected threshold voltage.

Abstract: A device for controlling a transistor, the device comprising an amplifying device (15) for controlling the transistor gate via an output control signal, the device including a first input connected to the transistor drain, the whole assembly forming a first connection, a second input connected to the transistor source, the whole assembly forming a second connection. The control device also comprises: at least one protecting device including at least one switching element (T1) which is inserted in series in the first connection of the amplifying device (15) to prevent a leakage current from passing through the first connection, and a device generating a regulating voltage to control the transistor, the generating device being configured such that there exists the same number of semiconductor junctions between the first and second connections. The invention is in particular applicable on battery charging devices.

Abstract: An example overvoltage protection device includes a switch and a link current sensor that measures current through the switch. The overvoltage protection device is selectively activated by transitioning the switch between an off-state and an on-state. The switch is transitioned from the on-state to the off-state in response to a current measurement from the DC link current sensor. The current sensor is a DC link current sensor in one example.

Abstract: Apparatus for protecting a signal line bus driver from overvoltage faults may include a first solid-state switch configured to block current having a positive voltage when open and a second solid-state switch configured to block current having a negative voltage when open. A comparator circuit may produce a output signal responsively to presence of a fault-induced voltage in the signal line that has a magnitude that exceeds the reference voltage. The first and second switches may be connected in series with one another and with the bus driver. The switches may be interposed between the bus driver and an output end of the signal line and may responsively to the comparator circuit output signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a discharge structure for an overvoltage and/or overcurrent protection, in particular to a discharge structure for an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, for an integrated circuit (IC), and to an ESD protection device for an IC comprising such a discharge structure and to a method for making such a structure. The present invention particularly relates to such a discharge structure (50, 52) which comprises at least two discharge paths (40, 80) provided to conduct a current to a terminal (60), whereas substantially all of the discharge paths (40, 80) present substantially the same resistance for the current.

Abstract: A voltage clamp circuit for reflecting a voltage at an input node includes a circuit for providing at least two currents at its output terminal, and at least two diodes each being connected to an output terminal of the circuit for providing at least two currents. The diodes also are connected to a line of a ground voltage and to the input node respectively. The circuit includes an alternative current path connected to an output terminal of the circuit for providing at least two currents and to a current sinking node. The voltage at the input node thus is reflected as the voltage between two output nodes when the voltage at the input node is lower than a clamping voltage and so that the voltage is fixed between the two output nodes to the clamping voltage when the voltage at the input node is higher than the clamping voltage.

Abstract: An embodiment bridgeless power factor correction circuit comprises a first boost converter and a second boost converter connected in parallel. A first switch is coupled between the input of the first boost converter and ground. A second switch is coupled between the input of the second boost converter and ground. Both the first switch and the second switch help to reduce the common mode noise of the bridgeless power factor correction circuit. The bridgeless power factor correction circuit further comprises two surge protection diodes coupled between the inputs of two boost converters and the output of the bridgeless power factor correction circuit.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide for qualifying a new meter with specific power supply requirements. In one embodiment, aspects of the invention include a system, including: an electric meter having a housing; and a voltage-modifying device connected to the electric meter for modifying a received voltage, such that the electric meter operates in accordance with a predetermined power supply requirement, wherein the voltage-modifying device is located within the electric meter housing or external to the electric meter housing.

Abstract: A soft-stop overvoltage protection circuit, into which a soft-stop overvoltage detection voltage proportional to a direct current output voltage is input, reduces the output of a multiplier in accordance with the soft-stop overvoltage detection voltage when the soft-stop overvoltage detection voltage exceeds a first threshold value. An overvoltage protection circuit, a second threshold value higher than the first threshold value being set, compulsorily turns off a switching element by outputting an overvoltage detection signal when the soft-stop overvoltage detection voltage exceeds the second threshold value. The soft-stop overvoltage protection circuit compulsorily increases the output of a voltage error amplifier circuit on the output voltage decreasing. When the output of the voltage error amplifier circuit increases suddenly, and the output voltage rises excessively, the soft-stop overvoltage protection circuit decreases the output of the multiplier, thus curbing the rise of the output voltage.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection device made by: employing a machining technique to make a through hole through opposing top and bottom walls of a substrate, and then filling an overvoltage protection material in the through hole of the substrate, and then curing the overvoltage protection material, and then coating a flat electrode on each of the top and bottom walls of the substrate over and in connection with top and bottom sides of the overvoltage protection material.

Abstract: A resistance determining system for an over voltage protection (OVP) circuit, includes an external power source, a microcontroller, a digital rheostat and a display unit. The external power source supplies an external voltage to the OVP circuit. The microcontroller stores an over voltage value. The microcontroller is connected to the external power source and configured to detect the external voltage and compare the external voltage with the over voltage value. The digital rheostat is connected to the microcontroller and includes a first rheostat having two connection terminals respectively connected to two first connection ends of the OVP circuit. The microcontroller adjusts the first rheostat to be a first resistance value to activate the OVP circuit when the external voltage is substantially equal to the over voltage value. The display unit is connected to the microcontroller and configured to display the first resistance value.

Abstract: An over voltage protection circuit is disclosed. The over voltage protection circuit comprises an input end, coupled to an input power, for receiving an input voltage provided by the input power; and a driving module, coupled between the input end and a ground end, for generating a discharging current when the input voltage is larger than a predefined voltage, to reduce the input voltage to the predefined voltage.

Abstract: A load driving circuit includes a first transistor and a second transistor that are bipolar transistors connected in series between a first fixed voltage (Vdd) and a second fixed voltage (GND), and supplies a drive current, according to ON-OFF states of the two transistors, to a load connected to an output terminal that is a connection point of the two transistors. A current source controls a base current supplying the first transistor. A protection circuit compares output voltage of the output terminal with a predetermined threshold voltage, and additionally monitors ON and OFF states of the first transistor. In a state in which Vout<Vth, and the first transistor is ON, the protection circuit reduces the base current of the first transistor.

Abstract: A universal serial bus (USB) protection circuit. The circuit includes a V+ line, a ground line, a D+ line, a D? line, a first resettable device, a second resettable device, a windowing comparator, a first switch, and a second switch. The V+ line is configured to be connected to a V+ connection of a USB cable. The ground line is configured to be connected to a ground connection of the USB cable. The D+ line is configured to be connected to a D+ connection of the USB cable. The D? line is configured to be connected to a D? connection of the USB cable. The first resettable device is coupled to the V+ line and links the V+ line to a V+ of a local device. The second resettable device is coupled to the ground line and links the ground line to a common node of the local device. The windowing comparator has a negative input coupled to the common node and a positive input coupled to the ground line.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed which includes: first and second battery blocks connected in parallel, each including a plurality of batteries connected in series; a battery state detector detecting voltages of the batteries in either of the second battery blocks. The number of the batteries in the second battery block is smaller than that of the first battery block. The battery state detector is installed integral with the second battery block.

Abstract: A protection circuit includes first and second electronic switches. When a CPU socket does not contain a CPU, a signal pin of the CPU socket outputs a high level signal. The first and second electronic switches are turned on. A data transmitting line of a SMBus is connected to a digital integrated chip. The parameters of the digital integrated chip can thus be regulated. When the CPU socket contains the CPU, the signal pin of the CPU socket outputs a low level signal. The first and second electronic switches are turned off. The data transmitting line of the SMBus is disconnected from the digital integrated chip, to prevent damage to the digital integrated chip.

Abstract: A circuit (S) for protecting a DC network having DC loads (1) and connectable to the circuit (S), the circuit (S) is suitable and configured to supply the DC network with electric power via a three-phase rectifier (G) and wherein the circuit (S) includes a means (2, 3, 4, TH1, LS, CS, DU, DV, DW) for detecting an overvoltage, wherein the means is suitable and configured to detect an overvoltage at the input of the DC network, and the circuit (S) includes a means (2, 3, 4, TH1, LS, CS, DU, DV, DW) for transferring a current, wherein the means is suitable and configured to supply current to one or several current-carrying thyristors (THU1, THV1, THW1) of the rectifier (G), wherein the current causes the thyristor or thyristors (THU1, THV1, THW1) to turn off as soon as the detection means has detected an overvoltage.

Abstract: A boost converter includes a load disconnect switch connected between a voltage input terminal and an inductor, a power switch connected to the inductor by a switching node, a diode connected between the switching node and a voltage output terminal, and an output capacitor connected to the voltage output terminal to provide an output voltage. A protection apparatus is connected to the load disconnect switch, switching node and power switch to monitor the voltage at the switching node and the output voltage to provide open circuit and short circuit protection for the boost converter.

Abstract: An over-voltage protection circuit is disclosed herein for protection against over-voltage of an energy storage device while charging. The circuit operates within the operational limits of a battery-operated device, such as a mobile or handheld device. The over-voltage protection circuit comprises an over-voltage protection device, and an over-voltage protection controller. The controller allows current to flow to the over-voltage protection device only when an energy storage device is experiencing over-voltage. In allowing current to flow to the over-voltage protection device only when the voltage across the energy storage device is above a predetermined voltage, power conservation is achieved.

Abstract: Control circuitry handles inrush current, and may provide under voltage and/or over voltage monitoring and handling, as well as remote enable handling. The circuitry may advantageously employ a sense capacitor in parallel with an input capacitor (e.g., bulk input filter capacitor), and a current mirror to produce a signal proportional to input current. A clamp circuit may control a series pass device to regulate current in response to the proportional signal, or to interrupt current flow in response to an under voltage or over voltage condition or receipt of a signal indicative of a disable state. An enable signal may be summed into a comparator that handles under voltage condition determination.

Abstract: A transistor with an electrical overstress (EOS) protection may include an active region, a plurality of impurity regions and a conduction pattern. The active region may be formed in a substrate. The impurity regions may be formed in the active region and arranged at a predetermined or given distance with respect to each other. The conduction pattern may be arranged between each of the impurity regions in a meandering shape, and the conduction pattern may include a center portion connected to a ground terminal. Therefore, a transistor with EOS protection, a clamp device, and an ESD protection circuit including the same may increase an on-time of a clamp device and may sufficiently discharge a charge due to the EOS by including a conduction pattern configured with gates that are connected with respect to each other in a meandering shape.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally pertains to surge protection systems that protect outside plant equipment from high-energy surges. In one exemplary embodiment, a protection system is used for protecting Ethernet equipment that is coupled to an outside Ethernet cable. The protection system provides protection and remains capable of coupling signal energy between an Ethernet cable and Ethernet equipment without significantly degrading Ethernet performance. However, the protection system, while allowing the desirable Ethernet signals to pass between the cable and the equipment, prevents the electrical voltages and currents of high-energy surges, such as surges from lightning or AC power faults, from damaging the Ethernet equipment.