Discrete Sequential Reaction Stages Patents (Class 422/630)
  • Patent number: 8114355
    Abstract: A metal tube in the present invention is a metal tube for pyrolysis reaction with superior characteristics of both the heat exchange and the pyrolysis reaction, which is suitable for use in a process in which hydrocarbons are pyrolytically decomposed. The tube is a metal tube for pyrolysis reaction consisting of 3 or 4 spiral ribs 1 provided on an inner surface which are inclined at 20 to 35 degrees to an axial direction of the metal tube, and characterized in that h/Di of 0.1 to 0.2 and h/w of 0.25 to 1.0 when a height of the rib 1 is defined as “h”, a width of the rib 1 at its bottom part is defined as “w” and an inner diameter of the tube at the bottom part is defined as “Di” in cross section of the spiral rib 1.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 30, 2008
    Date of Patent: February 14, 2012
    Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Junichi Higuchi, Kenji Hamaogi
  • Publication number: 20120031158
    Abstract: An efficient process for the continuous preparation of calcium thiosulfate (CaS2O3) from lime sulfur, through oxidation is described. The process involves oxidizing calcium polysulfide intermediate in a series of reactors to produce calcium thiosulfate as a clear liquid in high concentration with minimal byproducts. The process results in the complete destruction of polythionates, permitting the calcium thiosulfate produced to be useful in certain leaching processes for precious metals. The invention further makes it possible to recycle the process water from the leaching process for use as a raw material reactant in the process for calcium thiosulfate production.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 16, 2011
    Publication date: February 9, 2012
    Applicant: TESSENDERLO KERLEY, INC.
    Inventors: Michael Massoud Hojjatie, Constance Lynn Frank Lockhart, Alexandros Dimitriadis, Jeroen Van Cauwenbergh, Roeland Van Dael
  • Patent number: 8110149
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of high-molecular polyesters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids and/or transesterification of dicarboxylic acid esters with diols and/or mixtures thereof in the presence of catalysts with formation of a prepolymer in a tower reactor and polycondensation thereof to form a high-molecular polyester in a polycondensation reactor, a prepolymer with >40 to 70 repeat units (DP) being produced in the tower reactor and this prepolymer being polycondensed in only one further reactor to form a polyester with >150 to 205 DP.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 31, 2007
    Date of Patent: February 7, 2012
    Assignee: Uhde Inventa-Fischer GmbH
    Inventor: Eike Schulz Van Endert
  • Patent number: 8110161
    Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alkylated aromatic compounds comprising introducing olefin and aromatic compounds into at least first and second vertically spaced catalytic reaction zones in an alkylation unit under alkylation reaction conditions to provide an alkylated product, wherein the second catalytic reaction zone is positioned above the first catalytic reaction zone; wherein aromatic compound from each of the at least first and second catalytic reaction zones are contacted with a cooling means for re-condensing at least a portion of the aromatic compounds vaporized from the exothermic heat of reaction of the alkylation process; and wherein the olefin is introduced into the at least first and second catalytic reaction zones via respective first and second olefin feed streams at respective olefin feed rates such as to maintain olefin partial pressures at inlets to at least first and second catalytic reaction zones which vary by less than about ten percent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 11, 2009
    Date of Patent: February 7, 2012
    Assignee: Lummus Technology Inc.
    Inventor: Kevin John Schwint
  • Patent number: 8101141
    Abstract: A unified fuel processing reactor for a solid oxide fuel cell can reform hydrocarbon-based fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, remove a sulfur component, and convert non-converted fuel and a low carbon (C2˜C5) hydrocarbon compound into hydrogen and methane in a single reactor. The reactor comprises a primary-reformer which reforms a hydrocarbon-base fuel and generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a desulfurizer which removes a sulfur component from the reformed gas, and a post-reformer which selectively decomposes a low carbon (C2˜C5) hydrocarbon in the desulfurized reformed gas into hydrogen and methane. The primary-reformer, desulfurizer and post-reformer are in the unified reactor and isolated, except for a fluid passage, from each other by internal partition walls. The primary-reformer is disposed at a center portion of the reactor. The post-reformer and the desulfurizer are concentrically disposed outside of the primary-reformer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 24, 2009
    Date of Patent: January 24, 2012
    Assignee: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
    Inventors: Joongmyeon Bae, Sangho Yoon, Sunyoung Kim
  • Patent number: 8101142
    Abstract: A reactor system, plant and a process for the production of methanol from synthesis gas is described in which the reactor system comprises: (a) a first reactor adapted to be maintained under methanol synthesis conditions having inlet means for supply of synthesis gas and outlet means for recovery of a first methanol-containing stream, said first reactor being charged with a first volume of a methanol synthesis catalyst through which the synthesis gas flows and on which in use, partial conversion of the synthesis gas to a product gas mixture comprising methanol and un-reacted synthesis gas will occur adiabatically; and (b) a second reactor adapted to be maintained under methanol synthesis conditions having inlet means for supply of the gaseous first methanol-containing stream, outlet means for recovery of a second methanol-containing stream and cooling means, said second reactor being charged with a second volume of a methanol synthesis catalyst through which the gaseous first methanol-containing stream flows
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 30, 2002
    Date of Patent: January 24, 2012
    Assignee: Davy Process Technology Limited
    Inventor: Philip Henry Donald Eastland
  • Patent number: 8097226
    Abstract: A catalytic reaction device for fluid-solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions including a distributor, flow controllers, parallel reactors, temperature controllers, coolers and product receivers with reactive fluids flowing into the flow controllers to control the total flow of a fluid is provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 13, 2006
    Date of Patent: January 17, 2012
    Assignee: Microvast Power Systems Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Jiangping Yi, Li Huang, Wensheng Li, Xio Ping Zhou
  • Publication number: 20120009090
    Abstract: A method comprising providing a halogen stream; providing a first alkane stream; reacting at least a portion of the halogen stream with at least a portion of the first alkane stream to form a halogenated stream, wherein the halogenated stream comprises alkyl monohalides, alkyl polyhalides, and a hydrogen halide; providing a second alkane stream; and reacting at least a portion of the second alkane stream with at least a portion of the alkyl polyhalides to create at least some additional alkyl monohalides.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 23, 2011
    Publication date: January 12, 2012
    Inventors: Sagar B. Gadewar, Michael D. Wyrsta, Philip Grosso, Aihua Zhang, Eric W. McFarland, Zachary J.A. Komon, Jeffrey H. Sherman
  • Publication number: 20120004329
    Abstract: A liquid fuel producing method which synthesizes hydrocarbons from a synthesis gas by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction and produces liquid fuels by using the hydrocarbons, the method includes: subjecting the hydrocarbons to a pretreatment in the presence of a hydrogen by using a catalyst for the pretreatment in which at least one kind of metal selected from metals of Groups 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14 of the Periodic Table is supported on a carrier; and hydroprocessing the hydrocarbons by using a hydroprocessing catalyst after the pretreatment.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 17, 2010
    Publication date: January 5, 2012
    Inventor: Marie Iwama
  • Patent number: 8088344
    Abstract: A multi-tubular reactor system for catalytically reacting a fluid reactant mixture to form a fluid product comprising a shell and a plurality of reactor tubes housed therein. The reactor system is adapted to allow heat-exchange fluid to flow between the shell and the external surface of the reactor tubes. A reactor tube comprises a reaction zone, and also a heating zone and/or a cooling zone. The reaction zone is positioned downstream of the heating zone. The cooling zone is positioned downstream of the reaction zone. The reactor tube contains a bed of solid particulate catalyst in the reaction zone. The reactor tube additionally contains a heat-exchanging essentially rod-shaped insert having a length of from 1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 5%, of the total length of the reactor tube in the heating zone and/or the cooling zone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 22, 2006
    Date of Patent: January 3, 2012
    Assignee: Shell Oil Company
    Inventors: Arend Jan Te Raa, Mathias Jozef Paul Slapak, Alouisius Nicolaas Rene Bos
  • Patent number: 8075856
    Abstract: The present invention is a multiple reaction set for the production of chemicals by equilibrium limited reactions utilizing plate-type or extended surface heat exchangers. The heat exchangers effectively cool the reaction products in order to condense the methanol contained within the reaction products for separation, and also to warm incoming feed reactants prior to entrance of the reactants into a reactor utilized for the production of methanol. The various reactors, heat exchangers, and separators can be formed as separated zones within the enclosed vessels, thereby eliminating the need for separately constructed reactors, heat exchangers, and separators. Multi-stream plate-type of extended surface heat exchangers can be utilized to allow efficient cooling and methanol separation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 22, 2006
    Date of Patent: December 13, 2011
    Inventors: James Andrew Banister, Anthony Matthew Johnston, Brian S. Haynes
  • Publication number: 20110293500
    Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuous treatment of two immiscible molten liquids having different densities. The apparatus comprises at least one open-ended helical reaction channel (3) arranged inside a substantially vertical housing (1), means for the continuous supply of the liquid with the higher density to the upper open end of said at least one reaction channel (3) and means for continuous supply of the liquid with the lower density to the lower open end of said at least one helical reaction channel (3), means for continuous removal of the liquid with the higher density at the lower open end of said helical reaction channel and means for removal of the liquid with the lower density from the upper open end of said helical reaction channel (3). The invention further relates to a method for continuous treatment of two immiscible molten liquids having different densities using the apparatus of the present invention.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 20, 2009
    Publication date: December 1, 2011
    Applicant: ELKEM SOLAR AS
    Inventors: Karl Forwald, Jesse White
  • Patent number: 8066954
    Abstract: A plug flow reactor having an inner shell 27 surrounded by outer shell 21 and having at least one annular flow passage 35 therebetween can be used to prepare compositions, including polymers. The plug flow reactor also includes inlet port 36, an outlet port 37 and a plurality of exchanger tubes 26 wherein the exchanger tubes are in fluid communication to the at least one annular flow passage. Polystyrene and high impact polystyrene can be prepared using the reactor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 17, 2008
    Date of Patent: November 29, 2011
    Assignee: Fina Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: Thanh T. Nguyen, Jay L. Reimers
  • Publication number: 20110282115
    Abstract: A method comprising providing a carbohydrate feed; contacting at least a portion of the carbohydrate feed directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a first reaction product comprising a stable hydroxyl intermediate; contacting at least a portion of the first reaction product comprising the stably hydroxyl intermediates with a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a second reaction product; and contacting at least a portion of the second reaction product with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 12, 2011
    Publication date: November 17, 2011
    Applicant: SHELL OIL COMPANY
    Inventors: Juben Nemchand Chheda, Lorna Beatriz Ortiz-Soto, Joseph Broun Powell
  • Patent number: 8057575
    Abstract: Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 21, 2010
    Date of Patent: November 15, 2011
    Assignee: Idatech, LLC
    Inventors: David J. Edlund, William A. Pledger, R. Todd Studebaker
  • Patent number: 8052939
    Abstract: The present invention discloses to a channel reactor system having a first channel plate assembly in which an exothermic reaction is performed and a second channel plate assembly provided for heat-exchanging and constituted integrally with the first channel plate assembly so as to remove effectively heat, the channel reactor system comprising at least two channel units into which reaction gas and cooling fluid are separately introduced, each channel unit comprising a reaction channel plate assembly into which reaction gas is introduced and a heat-exchanging channel plate assembly into which cooling fluid is introduced; and at least one intermediate plate disposed between the upper and lower channel units, the intermediate plate supplying reaction gas and cooling fluid inflowed from the upper channel unit with new reactant and cooling fluid and supplying reaction gas and cooling fluid to the reaction channel plate assembly and the heat-exchanging channel plate assembly of the lower channel unit, respectively.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 2007
    Date of Patent: November 8, 2011
    Assignee: LG Chem, Ltd.
    Inventors: Jun Yeon Cho, Jung Uk Choi, Jae Hoon Choe, Kwang Cheon Park, Chang Houn Rhee, Sun Hyuk Bae, Kwang Ho Song
  • Patent number: 8048388
    Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process of manufacturing para-xylene, comprising (a) contacting a pygas feedstock and methylating agent with a catalyst under reaction conditions to produce a product having para-xylene, wherein the product has higher para-xylene content than the para-xylene content of the pygas feedstock; and (b) separating the para-xylene from the product of the step (a), wherein the catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having a Diffusion Parameter for 2,2-dimethylbutane of about 0.1-15 sec?1 when measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of 8 kPa-a and the pygas comprises from about 1 to about 65 wt % benzene and from about 5 to 35 wt % toluene.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 22, 2009
    Date of Patent: November 1, 2011
    Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen Harold Brown, John Scott Buchanan
  • Publication number: 20110252700
    Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that include a heat integrated coal treating system having a two-stage coal treating process. In one embodiment, the two-stage treating process may include an HF reactor and an HNO3 reactor coupled to the nitric acid reactor and having a fluid exchanging heat between the hydrofluoric acid reactor and the nitric acid reactor.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 19, 2010
    Publication date: October 20, 2011
    Applicant: General Electric Company
    Inventors: Samuel David Draper, Shahryar Rabiei
  • Patent number: 8038961
    Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for preparing silanes of the general formula HnSiCU n where n=1, 2, 3 and/or 4 by dismutation of a chlorinated silane in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the apparatus includes: a distillation column having a column bottom, a column top, at least one feed inlet, a plurality of product offtakes, and a chimney tray; and a side reactor containing a catalyst bed having an upper edge, the side reactor being connected to the distillation column via at least three pipes including a first pipe, a second pipe, and a third pipe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 21, 2005
    Date of Patent: October 18, 2011
    Assignee: Evonik Degussa GmbH
    Inventors: Raymund Sonnenschein, Peter Adler, Tim Pöpken, John Kahsnitz
  • Patent number: 8029738
    Abstract: Methods and devices for removing inflammable gases produced by radiolysis in a closed chamber containing radioactive matters comprising organic compounds and possibly water, or radioactive matters in the presence of organic compounds and possibly water. Inside the chamber there may be placed a catalyst of at least one reaction for oxidizing the inflammable gases by oxygen contained in the chamber atmosphere, supported by an inert solid support; a catalyst of at least the reaction for oxidizing CO to CO2; possibly an oxygen source; and possibly a hygroscopic microporous inert solid support. Also, chambers for radioactive matters containing such devices.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 2010
    Date of Patent: October 4, 2011
    Assignee: TN International
    Inventors: Pascale Abadie, Herve Issard
  • Patent number: 8029748
    Abstract: The invention provides methods, apparatus and chemical systems for making vinyl acetate from ethylene, oxygen, and acetic acid.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 18, 2008
    Date of Patent: October 4, 2011
    Assignees: Velocys, Inc, Celanese International Corporation
    Inventors: Terry Mazanec, Victor J. Johnston, Michael Huckman, Sean P. Fitzgerald, James A. Foster, Daniel Lindley, Anna Lee Tonkovich, Francis P. Daly, Leslie Wade, Tony Hammock, Thomas Yuschak, Bin Yang, Kai Jarosch
  • Patent number: 8025858
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule from a feedstock containing heavier olefins. An intermediate cut from a fractionation column is used as olefinic feed to an olefin cracking process preferably after undergoing selective hydrogenation of diolefins. In one embodiment, a liquid side draw from a fractionation column is selectively hydrogenated and then returned to the fractionation column from which a vapor side draw containing olefins is cracked in the olefin cracking reactor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 26, 2007
    Date of Patent: September 27, 2011
    Assignee: UOP LLC
    Inventors: Douglas G. Stewart, Joseph E. Zimmermann, Angelo P. Furfaro, Bipin V. Vora
  • Patent number: 8012435
    Abstract: A system and method for producing natural gas is provided. a gas dynamic laser is powered by a gas, such as carbon dioxide, while the same gas is converted by a catalytic converter heated by the beam of the laser. Other gases can be formed simultaneously in other catalytic converters heated by the laser beam. The resulting converted gases can be used to produce a fuel gas. Excess heat and/or by-products of the process can be used to produce electricity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 17, 2007
    Date of Patent: September 6, 2011
    Inventor: Thomas Merritt
  • Patent number: 8012436
    Abstract: A quenching vessel being, in use, vertically elongated and provided with an inlet for gas at its upper end, an outlet for cooled gas at its lower end defining a pathway for a gas flow directed downwardly, the vessel being provided at its upper end with a first internal tubular wall part which wall part has an opening fluidly connected to the inlet for gas and wherein the tubular wall part is connected at its lower end with a divergent conical part having walls which are inclined outwardly in the direction of the pathway for gas, wherein an arrangement of more than one nozzle for atomisation and spraying a liquid quench medium in a downward direction into the pathway for the gas flow are present in the space enclosed by the divergent conical part.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 4, 2008
    Date of Patent: September 6, 2011
    Assignee: Shell Oil Company
    Inventors: Robert Van Den Berg, Wouter Koen Harteveld, Hans Joachim Heinen, Thomas Paul Von Kossak-Glowczewski
  • Patent number: 7998430
    Abstract: A reactor 20 has a plurality of tubular downcomers 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and risers 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, joined by sections 86, 88 in a continuous serpentine path the tubes dimensioned to provide substantially plug flow conditions for solid and liquid reagents fed into a first downcomer 24 with the products extracted from final riser 52. The reactor 20 is designed for a desired residence time by the number, height and diameter of the tubes. The downcomers 24, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 may include a bend to improve residence time and to thereby reduce the number of tubes required for a desired overall residence time. The reactor 20 can be used in a leaching operation for producing synthetic rutile, where a pre-treated feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag is leached with hot HCl.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 20, 2008
    Date of Patent: August 16, 2011
    Assignee: Austpac Resources N.L.
    Inventor: John Winter
  • Patent number: 7998438
    Abstract: An improved process and a zone reactor for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into higher hydrocarbons is provided. A first zone in the reactor contains both a material capable of releasing hydrogen halide (HX) and a carbon-carbon coupling catalyst; a second zone is initially empty or contains a halogenation and/or oxyhalogenation catalyst; and a third zone contains both a carbon-carbon coupling catalyst and a material capable of capturing HX. Air or oxygen is introduced into the first zone, a feedstock is introduced into the second zone, and products are produced in the third zone. HX produced during the reaction is reversibly captured and released in zones 1 and 3.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 27, 2008
    Date of Patent: August 16, 2011
    Assignee: GRT, Inc.
    Inventor: Michael Joseph Weiss
  • Publication number: 20110190537
    Abstract: Disclosed are process and apparatus for vertical splitting of the oxygen supply to a post-oxidation reactor. Further disclosed are process and apparatus for supplying reaction medium to a post-oxidation reactor at a mid-level inlet. Such apparatus and process can assist in reducing oxygen pinch throughout the post-oxidation reactor.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 1, 2010
    Publication date: August 4, 2011
    Applicant: EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
    Inventors: Ashfaq Shaikh, Alan George Wonders
  • Patent number: 7988936
    Abstract: The present invention discloses to a chemical reactor with high heat efficiency and small volume, the chemical reaction of the present invention comprises a first unit for performing heat exchange of exothermic reaction products with exothermic reaction raw material fed for exothermic reaction; a second unit including a plate assembly for exothermic reactions and a plate assembly for endothermic reactions; and a third unit for performing heat exchange of endothermic reaction products with endothermic reaction raw material fed for endothermic reactions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 19, 2007
    Date of Patent: August 2, 2011
    Assignee: LG Chem, Ltd.
    Inventors: Jun Yeon Cho, Jae Hoon Choe, Kwang Cheon Park, Gyea-Young Kwak, Chang Houn Rhee, Sun Hvuk Bae, Jung Uk Choi, Kwang Ho Song
  • Publication number: 20110176968
    Abstract: A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 28, 2009
    Publication date: July 21, 2011
    Inventors: Liang-Shih Fan, Li Fanxing
  • Publication number: 20110178354
    Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process using an aromatic methylating agent. Generally, the process includes reacting an effective amount of the aromatic methylating agent having at least one of an alkane, a cycloalkane, an alkane radical, and a cycloalkane radical with one or more aromatic compounds. As such, at least one of the one or more aromatic compounds may be converted to one or more higher methyl substituted aromatic compounds to provide a product having a greater mole ratio of methyl to phenyl than a feed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 19, 2010
    Publication date: July 21, 2011
    Inventors: Antoine Negiz, Edwin Paul Boldingh, Gregory J. Gajda, Dean E. Rende, James E. Rekoske, David E. Mackowiak, Paul Barger, Paula L. Bogdan
  • Patent number: 7981379
    Abstract: The invention uses a feed of atmospheric air and mixes the air with hydrogen. The hydrogen and air mixture is fed into a catalytic reactor where a deoxygenation reaction occurs. The deoxygenation reaction uses a platinum catalyst to produce water from oxygen and hydrogen. The nitrogen passes through the catalytic reactor without reacting with the hydrogen, the oxygen, or the water. The water is separated from the nitrogen in a dryer. The nitrogen may then be used in drilling and production operations. The water is fed into an electrolyzer where an electrolysis reaction occurs. The electrolyzer passes an electrical current through the water to produce gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen is recycled back to the catalytic reactor and the oxygen may be vented or sold.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 10, 2008
    Date of Patent: July 19, 2011
    Assignee: Sunstone Corporation
    Inventors: William James Hughes, Mark Dunbar
  • Patent number: 7976797
    Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes an apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock in a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system, the apparatus comprising a regenerative pyrolysis reactor comprising a stabilized refractory grade zirconia in a reactive region of the reactor system. In another aspect, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a reverse flow regenerative pyrolysis reactor comprising the steps of providing a reverse flow regenerative pyrolysis reactor including a stabilized refractory grade zirconia in a heated reaction zone of the reactor; and pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock within the reactive region.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 8, 2008
    Date of Patent: July 12, 2011
    Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.
    Inventors: Changmin Chun, Frank Hershkowitz
  • Publication number: 20110154721
    Abstract: A method comprises a providing a carbohydrate; reacting the carbohydrate directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising a polyol; and then processing at least a portion of the reaction product to form a fuel blend.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 17, 2010
    Publication date: June 30, 2011
    Inventors: Juben Nemchand CHHEDA, Kimberly Ann Johnson, Joseph Broun Powell
  • Publication number: 20110146281
    Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for managing sulfur are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprise the following: obtaining material containing sulfur; refining the material to develop a high sulfur content heavy fraction fuel oil and a low sulfur content light fraction fuel oil; burning the low sulfur content light fraction fuel oil in apparatus that emit to the atmosphere; burning the high sulfur content heavy fraction fuel oil to produce energy thereby generating flue gas containing sulfur oxide; and removing and disposing of sulfur in the flue gas using a sulfur sequestration system that includes utilizing sulfur removed from the flue gas to form a brine material.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 5, 2009
    Publication date: June 23, 2011
    Inventors: Klaus S. Lackner, Tim A. Rappold
  • Patent number: 7959879
    Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently producing aromatic dicarboxylic acids (e.g., terephthalic acid). In one embodiment the process/apparatus reduces costs by recovering and purifying residual terephthalic acid present in the liquid phase of an initial oxidation slurry. In another embodiment the process apparatus reduces costs associated with hydrogenation by forming a final composite product containing unhydrogenated acid particles.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 18, 2008
    Date of Patent: June 14, 2011
    Assignee: Grupo Petrotemex, S.A. de C.V.
    Inventors: Robert Lin, Marcel de Vreede
  • Patent number: 7947233
    Abstract: A method of combusting a catalyzed hydrocarbon fuel comprising providing a first fluid and a second fluid, at least one of said fluids comprising a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel with an air stream, passing the first fluid into one or more catalytic tubes of a catalytic reactor, and passing the second fluid adjacent the catalytic tubes in a chamber of a catalytic reactor. A varying tube cross section to modify the flow of one of the fluids is provided for at least a portion of the tube. The flow of the first fluid leaving the catalytic tubes is mixed with the second fluid and combusted.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 2010
    Date of Patent: May 24, 2011
    Assignee: United Technologies Corporation
    Inventors: Steven W. Burd, Meredith B. Colket, III
  • Patent number: 7943102
    Abstract: A method for formaldehyde production through catalytic oxidation of methanol, comprising the steps of feeding to a first oxidation catalytic bed (2) a gas flow comprising methanol and oxygen at a predetermined crossing linear flow rate, obtaining at the outlet of said first catalytic bed (2) a flow of gaseous reaction products comprising unreacted methanol, and feeding the flow of gaseous products to a second oxidation catalytic bed (6) is distinguished by the fact that the flow of gaseous reaction products comprising unreacted methanol is fed to the second catalytic bed (6) with a crossing linear flow rate substantially equal to said predetermined first catalytic bed (2) feeding flow rate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 9, 2006
    Date of Patent: May 17, 2011
    Assignee: Casale Chemicals S.A.
    Inventor: Giancarlo Sioli
  • Patent number: 7939027
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the industrial preparation of a diamine starting from a corresponding alkenyl nitrile comprising at least one C—C double bond, which comprises the steps (a) reaction of the alkenyl nitrile with a corresponding monoamine in a first reactor so that the monoamine adds exothermically onto the at least one double bond to form an aminoalkyl nitrile, with the monoamine and water being charged initially and the alkenyl nitrile being fed in; (b) evaporation of unreacted alkenyl nitrile and monoamine to increase the concentration of the aminoalkyl nitrile product in the bottoms of the first reactor; (c) transfer of the aminoalkyl nitrile bottom product from step (b) to a second reactor; (d) batchwise catalytic hydrogenation of the aminoalkyl nitrile transferred in step (c) to the diamine in the second reactor, with each batch being obtained by initially charging a catalyst suitable for the hydrogenation of nitriles to amines and also water, the desired diamine and a bas
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 2010
    Date of Patent: May 10, 2011
    Assignee: BASF SE
    Inventors: Martin Ernst, Steffen Oehlenschläger, Frank Kuhnke, Karl-Heinz Roβ, Roland Deeg, Johann-Peter Melder
  • Patent number: 7935320
    Abstract: A system and/or process for decreasing the level of at least one organic fluoride present in a hydrocarbon phase contained in an alkylation settler by contacting the hydrocarbon phase with an HF containing stream, containing greater than about 80 wt. % and less than about 94 wt. % HF, in the intermediate portion of the settler which contains at least one tray system, with each tray system comprising a perforated tray defining a plurality of perforations and a layer of packing below the perforated tray, are disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 9, 2008
    Date of Patent: May 3, 2011
    Assignee: UOP LLC
    Inventors: Keith W. Hovis, Bruce B. Randolph
  • Patent number: 7927556
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons wherein the effluent stream from the first and/or second reactor of a reforming train with several reactors in series is cooled in a multistage process to remove aromatic compounds in the reacting medium prior to being reheated and returned to subsequent reactors for additional reaction to occur. The partial removal of aromatic compounds enhances the driving force for the conversion of paraffins and naphthenes by making the equilibrium more favorable to such conversion. The removal of aromatic compounds reduces the size of downstream process equipment thereby reducing capital costs and lowering energy usage. It is possible to add additional feed streams to reactors downstream of the intermediate reactor effluent cooling step thereby making the process unit capable of processing more feedstock to produce more product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 14, 2008
    Date of Patent: April 19, 2011
    Assignee: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
    Inventor: Emigdio Jesus Salmon
  • Patent number: 7919057
    Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing gas in a reformer where a furnace, which is independent of the reformer, heats the effluent from a prereformer prior to reacting the prereformer effluent in the reformer. The prereformer effluent may be heated in a heat exchange tube in the furnace where the heat exchange tube is positioned in the furnace to preclude direct radiation from any flames in the furnace thereby preventing local overheating of the heat exchange tube and preventing carbon formation in the heat exchange tube. Fuel and oxidant gas may be introduced into the furnace with significant excess oxidant gas, having a stoichiometric ratio of 1.8 to 2.8 for controlling the temperature of the heat exchange tube.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 15, 2008
    Date of Patent: April 5, 2011
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Eugene S. Genkin, Nitin Madhubhai Patel, Gregory David Snyder, Miguel Rafael Alvarez, Vladimir Yliy Gershtein
  • Publication number: 20110057147
    Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention generally disclose systems and processes for the conversion of a feed stream comprising at least one C8 aromatic into a product stream comprising isophthalic acid and purified terephthalic acid (IPA/TA).
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 18, 2009
    Publication date: March 10, 2011
    Inventors: George A. Ball, Joseph G. Gentry, Joseph P. Weller, Zhongyi Ding, Weihua Jin
  • Publication number: 20110011768
    Abstract: A process and apparatus process for preparing a resid-containing hydrocarbon feedstock for use in a regenerative pyrolysis reactor, comprising (a) feeding a resid-containing hydrocarbon feedstock to a thermal cracking unit; (b) thermally cracking at least about 60 wt. % of said resid having a boiling point of at least 565° C. in said hydrocarbon feedstock to form a vapor phase containing cracked hydrocarbons; (c) separating said vapor phase from remaining non-volatiles; and (d) converting the separated vapor phase in a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 11, 2010
    Publication date: January 20, 2011
    Inventor: Paul F. Keusenkothen
  • Publication number: 20110008226
    Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of acetylene and other higher hydrocarbons from methane feed using a reverse-flow reactor system, wherein the reactor system includes (i) a first reactor and (ii) a second reactor, the first and second reactors oriented in a series relationship with respect to each other, the process comprising supplying each of first and second reactant through separate channels in the first reactor bed of a reverse-flow reactor such that both of the first and second reactants serve to quench the first reactor bed, without the first and second reactants substantially reacting with each other until reaching the core of the reactor system.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 20, 2010
    Publication date: January 13, 2011
    Inventors: Frank Hershkowitz, John Scott Buchanan, Harry W. Deckman, Jeffrey W. Frederick
  • Patent number: 7867459
    Abstract: A compact, tiered sulfur recovery unit having a burner, a combustion chamber, a reaction chamber, a waste heat boiler and a steam drum. The waste heat boiler is mounted above the reaction chamber, and the steam drum is mounted above the waste heat boiler, resulting in a three-tiered, compact design, requiring only a single platform for space. The reaction chamber comprises a horizontal body and an upright plenum. The reaction chamber includes an inlet for receipt of acid gas (H2S). One end of the horizontal body of the reaction chamber is fluidly attached to the combustion chamber, while the other end of the horizontal body of the reaction chamber is fluidly attached to a lower end of the upright plenum of the reaction chamber. An upper end of the upright plenum of the reaction chamber is fluidly attached to the waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler includes an outlet for the release of SO2 for downstream sulfur blowdown to produce additional elemental sulfur.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 15, 2008
    Date of Patent: January 11, 2011
    Inventor: Sidney Leroy Born
  • Patent number: 7867460
    Abstract: Systems and methods for producing ammonia. The system can include a first shell having two or more discrete catalyst beds disposed therein, a second shell disposed about the first shell, a first heat exchanger disposed external to the first shell and in fluid communication therewith, a second heat exchanger disposed external to the second shell and in fluid communication therewith, and a flow path disposed within the first shell. A first portion can be reacted in the presence of the catalyst to provide an ammonia effluent. The heat of reaction from the ammonia effluent can be exchanged within the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The heated second portion of the feed gas can be introduced to the first shell and can be reacted in the presence of the catalyst.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 22, 2008
    Date of Patent: January 11, 2011
    Assignee: Kellogg Brown & Root LLC
    Inventors: Shashi P. Singh, Yue Jing
  • Publication number: 20100319423
    Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for producing a product based on faecals produced by animals, characterized in that faecals from mammals are wholly or partially dissolved using an oxidizing acid, solid acid-insoluble components are separated, if necessary, and the liquid component is neutralized with a base. Moreover, the invention relates to a plant for producing a product, the plant comprising a faecal reactor for receiving animal faecals, wherein the reactor is provided with means for supplying an oxidizing acid, possibly a separator unit for separating solid, acid-insoluble components, and a neutralizing reactor for neutralizing the part of the faecals dissolved by means of the oxidizing acid, wherein the neutralizing reactor is provided with means for supplying a base. The invention provides a substantially odourless product for use as fertilizer for a crop.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 26, 2008
    Publication date: December 23, 2010
    Inventors: Jes Thomsen, Kurt Schrøder, Dennis Wowern Nielsen