Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing high grade phosphate rock from low grades, slime or tailings by subjecting the low grade rock, slime or tailings to a calcination treatment at a temperature within the range from 1000.degree. F. to 1600.degree. F., and preferably from 1400.degree. F. to 1600.degree. F., until a fraction of said rock, slime or tailings becomes magnetically attractable, and subjecting the treated material to a high strength magnetic field to separate the same magnetically into at least two fractions, one of increased BPL and one of decreased BPL.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of lead compounds which comprises reacting lead monoxide according to the wet method with an inorganic acid or organic acid in the presence of hydroxylamine under such conditions that the initial pH value of the reaction system is not higher than 7.Lead monoxide according to the wet method has an excellent reactivity with an inorganic acid or organic acid, but it contains higher oxides such as lead dioxide and minium, which cause coloration in lead compound products. According to this process, this undesirable coloration can effectively prevented.

Abstract: A novel family of crystalline, microporous aluminophosphate compositions is synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization at elevated temperatures of aluminophosphate gels containing a molecular structure-forming template. The family comprises a number of distinct species, each with a unique crystal structure. Calcination removes volatile extraneous matter from the intracrystalline void space and yields microporous crystalline adsorbents with uniform pores, the dimensions of which vary, among the individual species, from about 3A to 10A in diameter. The compositions represent a new class of adsorbents of the molecular sieve type, and also exhibit properties somewhat analogous to zeolitic molecular sieves which render them useful as catalysts or catalyst bases in chemical reactions such as hydrocarbon conversions.

Abstract: Stable glass whose composition is defined by the quadrilaterals I II III IV of the accompanying ternary diagrams of FIGS. 1 and 2 for the system selected from the group consisting of K.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2, Rb.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2, K.sub.2 O/As.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2 and Rb.sub.2 O/As.sub.2 O.sub.5 /(TiO.sub.2).sub.2 ; and the use of such glass in hydrothermal processes for producing crystals of KTiOPO.sub.4 and certain crystal analogues thereof, namely, RbTiOPO.sub.4, KTiOAsO.sub.4 and RbTiOAsO.sub.4.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid is heated by passing alternating current through the acid, preferably in carbon apparatus to concentrations above 76% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and preferably temperatures above 500.degree. C. to remove sulphate and fluoride and convert organic and basic impurities into a filterable precipitate; the acid is separated from the precipitate preferably after dilution with water to provide a high purity crystallizable product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making phosphorus-containing anticorrosive pigments having a size of at most 20 microns by reacting one or more compounds of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, aluminum, iron, chromium or manganese with an oxygen acid of phosphorus or its alkali metal or ammonium salts at temperatures within the range 10.degree. to 100.degree. C. More particularly pigments consisting to an extent of at least 90% of particles with a size between 0.05 and 8 microns are produced by introducing an aqueous suspension or solution of the reactants into a dispersing means rotating at a speed of 3000 to 10,000 rpm, reacting the reactants by intimately mixing them, and separating and drying precipitated pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for concurrently preparing purified phosphoric acid and purified sodium phosphate salts by employing a solvent extraction process with three neutralization steps.

Abstract: A physically and functionally stable solution for water treatment comprises an about 1.2-2.7 molar aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution of a composition having the formulaAl(OH).sub.x (SO.sub.4).sub.y (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.zwhereinx is about 1.2 to 1.62;y is about 0.595 to 0.87; andz is about 0.06 to 0.19with the proviso that the sum of x+2y+z is 3. The aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution can be prepared by reacting alumina hydrate with phosphoric acid and contacting the reacted alumina hydrate with an aqueous polyaluminum sulfate solution. Alternatively, the aqueous phosphate-stabilized polyaluminum sulfate solution can be prepared by reacting an aqueous overbasified polyaluminum sulfate phosphate solution with an aqueous aluminum sulfate solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process permitting acid salt residues, hereinafter called raffinates, which are obtained in the decontamination of phosphoric acid by extraction with a solvent, to be converted to solid deposition products, wherein the raffinates are admixed with a quantity of water necessary for them to ensure, after reaction with hydrate of lime or quicklime, the formation of an aqueous filterable suspension. More particularly, the raffinates are admixed with a quantity of hydrate of lime or quicklime necessary for them to ensure, after reaction and filtration of the suspension, the formation of a filter cake having a pH-value within the range 9 to 14. The reaction suspension is filtered as soon as it has assumed a pH-value within the range 5 to 8 and the resulting filter cake is allowed to react completely and deposited.

Abstract: Stable aqueous solutions of sodium polyphosphate useful in granulating dry solid cleaning composition components are formed by direct reaction of polyphosphoric acid with sodium carbonate generally at a temperature of about 50.degree. C. The reactants are used in an Na:P ratio of 1.2:1 to 1.5:1, and the product solution contains about 32 to about 37% w/w P.sub.2 O.sub.5 of which a high proportion is present as polyphosphate and has a pH of about 5 to about 6.5.

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite suitable for incorporation as a synthetic bone ash in a "bone" china body is produced by continuously contacting a stream of a slurry of hydrated lime with a stream of at least about 60% by weight phosphoric acid at an approximately stoichiometric ratio of 10 Ca(OH).sub.2 to 6 H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and a temperature of from about 80.degree. to about 85.degree. C. at a controlled reaction mixture of pH of from about 9.0 to about 11.0 and then calcining at a temperature of at least 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are described for an improved treatment of gases effluent from an ammonia phosphoric acid reactor in the manufacture of fertilizers. Ammonia is scrubbed from the gases with aqueous acid, preferably concentrated phosphoric acid, and particulates are captured and removed by contact with solid target particulates, preferably alkaline nephaline syenite. Pond water scrubbing is reduced or eliminated with improved costs and recoveries, secondary pollution is minimized, and land is conserved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a long chain ammonium polyphosphate and its use as an effective additive in lubricants and/or coolants for metal working under extremely high pressures and temperatures. The polyphosphate chain preferably contains 50 to 1000 phosphorus atoms. Up to 20% of the ammonium groups are replaceable by hydrogen. The additive is preferably added to the lubricant/coolant in a proportion of 0.1 to 30 weight %.

Abstract: Preparation of crystalline water-insoluble ammonium polyphosphate through processing a melt of urea and phosphoric acid or alternatively processing solid urea phosphate. Contact between the exiting product and recycled gaseous by-products ensures proper pH.

Abstract: Screen undersize sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) particles are compacted, milled and moisturized by adding a sufficient amount of water thereon to produce a material containing on the average between about 15% and about 35% by weight moisture. The moisturized material is calcined to a temperature within the range of from about 300.degree. to about 600.degree. C., to produce a granular STPP product having a low friability, high absorptivity, and a bulk density within the range of from about 0.65 to about 0.87 g/cc.

Abstract: Particulate carbonaceous matter in ammonium polyphosphate liquid made from impure wet-process phosphoric acid is removed batchwise by intimately mixing the liquid with a combination of selected organic flocculating agents and then allowing the mixture to separate. The particulate carbonaceous matter floats and the clarified liquid is withdrawn from the bottom of the separation vessel. The particulate carbonaceous matter, a minor portion of the input ammonium polyphosphate liquid, and the flocculating agents are intimately remixed with fresh black ammonium polyphosphate liquid to allow reuse of flocculant not combined with the original particulate carbonaceous material. The flocculants may be reused as many as five times. The particulate carbonaceous matter, the inactive flocculant, and a minor portion of the input ammonium polyphosphate liquid are then processed into fluid or solid fertilizers. In some instances, more flocculant is added to the mixing vessel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparation of an amorphous polyaluminum sulfate composition of the formulaAl(OH).sub.x (SO.sub.4).sub.y (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.z (H.sub.2 O).sub.wwhereinx is about 0.75 to 1.5y is about 0.7 to 1.07z is about 0 to 0.2w is about 2.0 to 4.2with the proviso that the sum x+2y+z is 3. Water is withdrawn from a fairly fresh polyaluminum sulfate solution having the formulaAl(OH).sub.x' (SO.sub.4).sub.y' (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.z' (H.sub.2 O).sub.w'whereinx' is about 0.75 to 1.5y' is about 0.7 to 1.07z' is about 0 to 0.2w' is about 18 to 65with the proviso that the sum x'+2y'+z' is 3. The amorphous composition is useful for reconstitution with water to prepare a coagulant solution.

Abstract: Process for the production of solid ammonium polyphosphate in which ammonium phosphate melt is prepared in a pipe reactor and is solidified by controlled cooling to form crystals of a size and in quantity suitable to yield a hard, nontacky, and friable solid. Wet-process phosphoric acid is ammoniated in a pipe reactor to an NH.sub.3 :H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 mole ratio of about 1.0, and the resulting melt is agitated and simultaneously partially cooled by application of recycled pulverized product or air or a water jacket. The partially cooled melt is then solidified continuously into nontacky sheets on a water-cooled metal surface using warm water to slowly remove sensible heat and heat of crystallization. Up to about 55 percent or higher of the P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in the product may be polyphosphate. Without controlled cooling, a supersaturated solution or a microcrystalline texture results and the product is rather like a gel.

Abstract: Bone china is produced by including a boron-containing substance in the composition in water-insoluble form. Use of the boron-containing compound results in a lowering of the firing temperature and widening of the firing temperature range.

Abstract: Wet process phosphoric acid is heated, preferably in carbon apparatus, by passing alternating current through the acid, to concentrations above 80% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and preferably temperatures above 500.degree. C. to remove sulphate and fluoride and convert organic and basic impurities into a filterable precipitate: the acid is separated from the precipitate to provide a high purity crystallizable product.

Abstract: A process for producing zinc phosphate comprising treatment of zinc oxide with phosphoric acid in an aqueous medium at a temperature ranging from 70.degree. to 80.degree. in the presence of metallic zinc taken in an amount of from 1 to 10% by weight of zinc oxide, followed by separation of the resulting residue of zinc phosphate. It is possible to introduce zinc oxide and metallic zinc into the treatment process in a composition of zinc-containing wastes resulting from the production of formaldehyde sodium sulphoxylate or sodium hydrosulphite, or 2,2-hydroxy-5-methylphenylbenzotriazole. The yield of zinc phosphate is as high as 98%. The process of this invention makes it possible to produce zinc phosphate ensuring high protective and physico-mechanical properties of paint coatings based on synthetic binders. Thus, no signs of corrosion are observed on the coating based on epoxy resin and zinc phosphate produced by the process of this invention after tests for 6 months at temperatures of 20.degree. and 60.

Abstract: An improved process is described for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock (DPR) granules from fluorine-containing phosphate rock.

Abstract: Luminescent bivalent europium-activated barium borophosphates having defined compositions by the formula Ba.sub.3-p Eu.sub.p BP.sub.3 O.sub.12, where 0.01.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.0.50. A quantity of not more than 20 mole % of the Ba may be replaced by Sr and/or Ca. The borophosphate can be used in luminescent screens of low-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamps.

Abstract: A process for modifying various inorganic compounds defined by the formula:M(OH).sub.z (HQO.sub.4).sub.2 -z/2.xH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal ion selected from Groups IVA and IVB of the Periodic Table of Elements, Q is an anion selected from Groups VA and VIB of the Periodic Table of Elements, z is any value from 0 to 2 and x is a number of from 0 to 8, by replacing a hydrogen in the inorganic compound with a metal cation. Suitable cations include those elements selected from Groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB including the lanthanide and activide series, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and ammonium. Thereafter, elevation of the temperature causes modification of the crystalline structure of the exchanged compound and provides various novel crystalline phases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of electrolyzing an alkali metal chloride brine in an electrolytic cell by feeding an aqueous alkali metal chloride brine containing less than 20 parts per billion dissolved alkaline earth metal ions, e.g., calcium, to the anolyte compartment of an electrolytic cell. Also disclosed is an alkali metal chloride brine containing less than 20 parts per billion of alkaline earth metal ions, e.g., calcium ion. There is also disclosed a method of purifying alkaline earth metal-containing brines, e.g., calcium-containing brines, by maintaining the brine alkaline, adding a phosphate to the alkaline brine whereby to form a calcium compound substantially insoluble in brine and thereafter separating the compound from the brine.

Abstract: Monocrystalline substrates of gadolinium yttrium penta-ultraphosphate are coated with an epitaxial layer of neodymium yttrium penta-ultraphosphate to produce a wave guiding, laser active, solid state devices. The preparation procedure involves heating a solution of neodymium oxide and yttrium oxide in phosphoric acid to about 500.degree. C. with holding points being interposed at about 180.degree. C. and at about 370.degree. C. After the solution has been held at 500.degree. C. for about 12 through 15 hours, a preformed substrate monocrystal of gadolinium yttrium penta-ultraphosphate is introduced thereinto and a layer of monocrystalline neodymium yttrium penta-ultraphosphate is grown thereon.

Abstract: Ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer solutions contaminated with carbon and carbonaceous residues are decarbonized by a sequential treatment to produce a light-colored solution/slurry of fertilizer solution containing essentially no visible carbon. In the first step, a mixture of an organic amine with a quaternary ammonium salt is dispersed in the contaminated fertilizer solution. In the second step a water immiscible hydrocarbon of low polarity is incorporated into the fertilizer solution by low shear agitation. In the third step a very slow agitation of the mixed system provides for the rising and coalescence of the low density hydrocarbon droplets containing the carbonaceous particles into a layer above the fertilizer solution.

Abstract: The process of preparing analytically pure fluorapatite comprising reacting dicalcium phosphate dihydrate with hydrogen fluoride in aqueous solution, at a pH of from about 5 to about 8, at from about room temperature for about 7 days to about 100.degree. C. for about 2 days, the amount of fluoride ion being from about stoichiometric to about 1.1 times the stoichiometric amount of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate whereby solid analytically pure fluorapatite is formed.

Abstract: An anticorrosion pigment suited for paints and lacquers and consisting of CaZn.sub.2 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 . 2H.sub.2 O crystallizing in the Scholzite lattice and having a specific surface according to BET of from 0.1 to 50 m.sup.2 /g is produced by a process wherein(a) (i) a salt solution containing calcium and zinc cations in a ratio of about 1:2 is normally, inversely or simultaneously precipitated in air at temperatures of up to about 100.degree. C. with an equivalent or substantially equivalent quantity of a solution containing an alkali metal or ammonium phosphate ion; or (ii) compounds of calcium and zinc, which can be decomposed with relatively strong acids or neutralized with acids, in a ratio of about 1:2, have phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate added to them in approximately the quantity which is required for decomposition or neutralization, or in a slight excess of that quantity, at temperatures of up to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is described for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock (DPR) granules useful as animal feed from fluorine-containing phosphate rock.

Abstract: Aluminum polyphosphate is made. To this end, solid aluminum hydroxide and polyphosphoric acid which are used in proportions corresponding to an Al:P molar ratio of 1:2.5 to 1:3.5, are introduced separately from, but concurrently with, one another into a reaction zone kept at 150.degree. to 200.degree. C. A moist friable consistency of the starting materials is maintained in the reaction zone by continuously mixing, kneading and comminuting them over substantially the entire period during which they are introduced into the reaction zone. The reaction is continued until a dry sandy powder is formed; and the powder is annealed at 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. over a period sufficient to yield a product undergoing a 0.5 to 1% weight loss on ignition.

Abstract: A method of producing soft porcelain wherein one raw material of the porcelain, .beta.-calcium pyrophosphate, is obtained by heating uniformly bone phosphate, which is a by-product of gelatin production from cattle bones, at a temperature of 1,000.degree. to 1,250.degree. C so as to completely convert it to .beta.-calcium pyrosphosphate, and a green body consisting of the thus obtained .beta.-calcium pyrophosphate, limestone, sericite, kaolin, feldspar and quartz is prepared and then is subjected to oxidation firing.

Abstract: Finely divided sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) particles are sprayed with water in an amount from about 36% to about 130% in excess of the amount stoichiometrically required for formation of sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate to form an agglomerated product which is then calcined to a temperature within the range of from about 320.degree. C to about 550.degree. C to produce a granular sodium tripolyphosphate product of low bulk density and low frangibility.

Abstract: A crystalline vanadium (IV) phosphate composition having an intrinsic surface area in excess of 10 square meters per gram is prepared by the reaction of orthophosphoric acid with a vanadium (IV) oxycompound. The vanadium compound is suspended in a suitable hydroxylic organic medium, for example isobutanol, and contacted with the acid at a temperature in the range 20.degree. C. to 210.degree. C. until the conversion is completed.

Abstract: Phosphate containing basic aluminum solutions are provided by reaction aluminum sulphate solution with phosphoric acid, adding chloride, basifying by precipitation of calcium sulphate from solution and cooling the resultant solution in a controlled manner. Preferably addition of chloride and basification occurs at a temperature of 80.degree.-90.degree. C and the solution is cooled to below 60.degree. C soon after the basifying salts have been introduced. The solutions, preferably diluted to an aluminum content of 1 to 2% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 are useful for clarifying water and dewatering sewage sludge.

Abstract: Production of phosphine. The phosphine is produced by reducing, in a first step, anhydrous zinc phosphate to zinc phosphide by treatment with carbon at a temperature higher than 1000.degree. C, and, in a second step, reacting the zinc phosphide formed in the first step with phosphoric acid. The resulting gaseous phosphine is collected, and the resulting zinc phosphate, which is obtained as a difficultly soluble precipitate, is dried, dehydrated and recycled to the first step.

Abstract: Polymeric metaphosphate glasses, [M(PO.sub.3).sub.b ].sub.n, having chemical durabilities at least 40-400 times greater than those of the prior art are provided. In the formula, M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd and Zn, and "b" has a value of 3 for Al and 2 for the other cations. The high durabilities of the glasses are achieved by controlled preparation of the precursor compounds in specific stoichiometric proportion, by heating the precursors in a controlled thermal cycle to induce preliminary polymerization of the intermediates, by thereafter melting said intermediates, and by subsequently holding said melt for a time to complete the polymerization. The melt is then cast to form the glass which is then annealed in the normal manner.The disclosure involves in particular single high purity compound precursors which form single phase glasses.

Abstract: Neodymium ultraphosphates having the formulaMe.sub.x Nd.sub.1-x P.sub.5 O.sub.14wherein Me represents scandium, gallium, yttrium, indium, lanthanum, cerium, gadolinium, lutetium, thallium and/or uranium, and x is a number between 0 and 0.999, in the form of untwinned crystals, are prepared by heating Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a vessel consisting of fine gold or of an inert, dense, carbon-based material with an excess of high-purity, anhydrous phosphoric acid or diphosphoric or polyphosphoric acid at a temperature between about 500.degree. and 600.degree. C, until the desired crystal size is achieved and then separating excess phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid, as the case may be.

Abstract: Novel water-soluble inorganic multi-metal polymeric complexes are obtained by reacting, in the presence of water, at least one non-alkaline metal selected from Groups I to VIII of the Periodic Table with an alkali metal hydroxide and a phosphorus-containing compound which is capable of providing active hydrophosphide groups to the reaction under the conditions prevailing in the aqueous reaction medium. In one embodiment, an excess of the non-alkaline metal or metals is introduced into a reaction vessel, already containing an aqueous solution of a phosphorus-containing acid, and the alkali metal hydroxide is thereafter incrementally added. In another embodiment, carried out under high pH conditions, the alkali metal hydroxide and phosphorus-containing compound are each incrementally added to the reaction medium.

Abstract: In a method for preparing a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst wherein a pentavalent vanadium compound and a trivalent phosphorus compound are brought together in a liquid reaction zone under conditions to provide a substantial amount of tetravalent vanadium and to form a phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst precursor having a phosphorus to vanadium atom ratio between about 0.9:1 and about 2:1, the improvement of this invention comprises adding a sufficient amount of a surfactant to the liquid reaction zone to form a dispersion which comprises a liquid, the surfactant and a dispersoid of the phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Phosphate ora matrix is treated to recover P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values. The matrix may be the phosphate ore as it is mined, or it may be residue formed upon dewatering benefication slimes. Without being subjected to beneficiation, this matrix is slurried with an organic solvent in a slurry vessel. When the slurry is mixed with a strong mineral acid, a system having a single liquid phase is formed with the organic solvent serving as a vehicle for distribution of the mineral acid which in turn solubilizes P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values for their extraction from the matrix. Thereafter the P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values are separated from the solid phase and then removed from the organic solvent.

Abstract: An improved process is described for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock from fluorine-containing phosphate rock which contains acid insoluble impurities in excess of about 6 percent by weight. The improvement is particularly useful in the fluidized bed technique for preparing defluorinated phosphate rock wherein fluorine-containing phosphate rock, a sodium compound such as sodium carbonate, phosphoric acid and water are admixed to form granules. The resulting granules are dried and heated in a fluidized bed calciner at a temperature within the range of from about 980.degree. to about 1,350.degree. C to evolve sufficient fluorine to produce defluorinated phosphate rock graules having less than 1 part of fluorine per 100 parts of phosphorus by weight. The resulting defluorinated granules are colled and stored for use as an animal feed which contains at least 18 percent by weight of phosphorus.

Abstract: Production of pure alkali metal phosphate solutions by neutralizing wet-processed phosphoric acid with an alkali liquor and/or carbonate. To this end, the wet-processed phosphoric acid is neutralized to a pH from 4 to 9, the resulting neutralization sludge consisting substantially of insoluble aluminum and iron phosphates is separated from the alkali metal phosphate solution and scrubbed with water, the sludge so treated is mixed with alkali liquor, alkali metal phosphate solution and water-glass so as to establish in the resulting suspension a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least 2 : 1 and a molar ratio of dissolved alkali metal oxide to dissolved P.sub.2 O.sub.5 ranging from 2.9 : 1 to 3.3 : 1, the whole is heated to temperatures from 80.degree. to 100.degree.

Abstract: Chemically durable non-silicate glasses derived from compounds including phosphates, borates, arsenates, sulfates, tellurates, tellurites, germanates and the like, are prepared by forming a melt from monobasic compounds of stoichiometric proportions, said melt then being polymerized by suitable means in the melt stage and subsequently cooled to form a desired glass. The resulting glass exhibits properties not normally found in similar glasses prepared from melts of oxides of the same materials.

Abstract: Crystalline AlH.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 .multidot.3H.sub.2 O is obtained from an aqueous solution of aluminum phosphate containing a molar ratio of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :P.sub.2 O.sub.5 of from 1:2 to 1:6 and an organic solvent that is miscible with water. Crystallization is enhanced by the addition of AlH.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 .multidot.3H.sub.2 O seed crystals to the aqueous solution. The product is useful in reducing the setting time of hydraulic binders.

Abstract: An oxide composition of 3:1 (Hf.sub.1-x Zr.sub.x)O.sub.2 :P.sub.2 O.sub.5, and having the empirical formula (Hf.sub.1-x Zr.sub.x).sub.3 P.sub.2 O.sub.11, where x is in the range of about 0 to 0.5, is an effective luminescent material for use in x-ray intensifying screens, and also an effective luminescent material host for Eu.sup.+2 blue emmissions. The luminescent material is obtained in essentially single crystalline large particles when prepared in the presence of a magnesium fluoride flux.

Abstract: A process for modifying various inorganic compounds defined by the formula:M(OH).sub.z (HQO.sub.4).sub.2 -z/2 . xH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal ion selected from Groups IVA and IVB of the Periodic Table of Elements, Q is an anion selected from Groups VA and VIB of the Periodic Table of Elements, z is any value from 0 to 2 and x is a number of from 0 to 8, by replacing a hydrogen in the inorganic compound with a metal cation. Suitable cations include those elements selected from Groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB including the lanthanide and activide series, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and ammonium. Thereafter, elevation of the temperature causes modification of the crystalline structure of the exchanged compound and provides various novel crystalline phases.

Abstract: A new synthesis is disclosed which produces synthetic crystalline hydroxyapatite. The process comprises reacting anhydrous trisodium phosphate wih calcium chloride in a formamide/water solution. Good yields of hydroxyapatite are obtained quickly, simply, and at low temperatures.

Abstract: particulate carbonaceous matter in ammonium polyphosphate liquid made from impure wet-process phosphoric acid is removed batchwise by intimately mixing the liquid with a combination of selected organic flocculating agents and then allowing the mixture to separate. The particulate carbonaceous matter floats rapidly to the surface and the clarified liquid that contains essentially no particulate carbonaceous matter is withdrawn from the bottom of the separation vessel. The particulate carbonaceous matter, a minor portion of the input ammonium polyphosphate liquid, and the flocculating agents are then intimately remixed with an additional fresh charge of black ammonium polyphosphate liquid to allow reuse of flocculant not combined with the particulate carbon material in the original charge. This reuse of flocculant may be repeated as many as five times.

Abstract: The process allows essentially all of the nitrogen and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values in the treated black ammonium polyphosphate liquid to be recovered in the form of valuable clarified product. In the process, a heel of black liquid fertilizer is first clarified by a prior-art procedure using flocculants. The improvement over the prior art picks up with the byproduct tops which is then diluted with the water of formulation required to dissolve additional amounts of ammonium polyphosphate melt. This diluted liquid is filtered, the filter cake containing upwards of 99 percent of the undesirable black carbonaceous material is discarded, and the clear filtrate, which contains essentially all of the nitrogen and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 originally in the tops, is then used in lieu of the prior-art water of formulation to dissolve additional ammonium polyphosphate melt to produce more black ammonium polyphosphate liquid.