Abstract: An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.

Abstract: An image forming method employing a photoreceptor and a polymerization toner, wherein the photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive layer provided on a surface of a cylindrical electroconductive substrate, a surface of the photoreceptor has a shape composed of plural lower portions and plural higher portions, a surface roughness of a top surface of the higher portions is 0.01 to 0.5 ?m, and a volume based median particle diameter of the polymerization toner is 3 to 8 ?m.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a protection layer overlying the photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer containing a diamine compound represented by the chemical structure 1, more of the diamine compound being disposed on the photosensitive layer side than the surface side relative to the midpoint in a depth direction of the protection layer: where X represents a substituted or non-substituted arylene group, or a compound represented by a chemical structure 2: where R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where A1, A2, A3, and A4 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, or —CH2(CH2)mZ, where Z represents a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, and a substituted or non-substituted

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments are directed generally to an improved electrophotographic imaging member in which the overcoat layer incorporates core-shell fluorinated nano- or micro-particles encapsulated in a melamine shell to reduce torque and cleaning failures during the photoreceptor cleaning process.

Abstract: A bisazo compound represented by Chemical structure 1: wherein, Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, when at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 has a substituent, the substituent is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, and pyrenyl group, R1, represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, or nitrile group, R2 represents ethylene group or vinylene group, and n represents an integer of from 1 to 3 and when n is 2 or 3, R1s are independent from each other.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a boron complex which is a product of the reaction of a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group with a boron halide. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A charge-carrier transport layer for an electro-optical component includes an organic charge-carrier transport material. A plurality of first particles having a diameter ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm is incorporated in the organic charge-carrier transport material and contains a first transparent oxide. A plurality of second particles having a diameter between 100 nm and 1000 nm is also incorporated into the organic charge-carrier transport material and contains a second transparent oxide. The index of refraction of the plurality of second particles differs from the index of refraction of the organic charge-transport material.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor, comprises: a conductive support; a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive support; and a protective layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protective layer contains alumina particles which contain 2 to 50 ppm of phosphorus atoms and is subjected to a surface treatment with a compound A having a reactive functional group and a curable compound B, and the protective layer is a cured layer including a cured product material formed by at least the compound A on the surfaces of the alumina particles and the curable compound B.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains terephthalate esters additives.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising an undercoat layer between a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains at least metal oxide microparticles coated with anhydrous silicon dioxide and a first binder resin, the photosensitive layer is a monolayered photosensitive layer containing at least a charge generation material and a charge transport material or a multilayered photosensitive layer formed of a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material stacked in this order or in an inverse order, and the charge generation material contains a crystal type oxotitanylphthalocyanine having peaks in an X-ray diffraction spectrum with Cu—K? characteristic X-rays (0.15418 nm) at Bragg angles (2?±0.2°) of 7.3°, 9.4°, 9.6°, 11.6°, 13.3°, 17.9°, 24.1° and 27.2°, in which a peak bundle formed by overlapping the peaks at 9.4° and 9.6° is a largest peak, and the peak at 27.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a latent image bearing member, a charging device, a latent electrostatic image formation device, a development device, a transfer device, and a lubricant supplying device, the latent image bearing member satisfying (I), (II) and (III): |(A1?B1)?(A2?B2)|?5.0??(I) B1?1 (atomic %)??(II) 1 (nm)?X?30 (nm)??(III), where, by XPS analysis, A1 and B1 represent oxygen and silicon atom content ratio in a cross-linked surface layer, respectively, A2 represents oxygen atom content ratio in a surface dug through a cross-linked surface layer along a direction perpendicular to the latent image bearing member surface, to an electroconductive substrate at depth point X where B1 decreases to not greater than B1×0.5, and B2 represents the silicone atom content ratio in the surface at X.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments are directed to electrophotographic photoreceptors imaging members. More particularly, the imaging members of this disclosure comprise a charge transport layer comprising a charge transport molecule and a charge stabilizing compound to suppress the effects of corona effluents and provide stabilized charge acceptance during prolonged cycling, thereby improving print quality.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to layers that are useful in imaging apparatus members and components, for use in electrophotographic, including digital, apparatuses. Embodiments pertain to an improved electrophotographic imaging member incorporating an outer layer having a nano- to micron-scale pattern imprinted into its surface to lower friction with the cleaning blade and improve print quality and performance. Embodiments also pertain to methods for making the improved imaging member.

Abstract: Subjects for the invention are: to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has excellent electrical characteristics and which, even when repeatedly used over long, can stably form high-quality satisfactory images having high resolution; and to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge and an image-forming apparatus each employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor. The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor for use in an image-forming apparatus comprising a charging unit which charges an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an exposure unit which exposes the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to light to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a developing unit which develops the electrostatic latent image, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer and the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate; an intermediate layer; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer including two or more charge transporting materials each including a reactive substituent and respectively having mutually different ionization potentials, in an amount of 90% by weight or more relative to the total solid content of the surface layer, and the content ratio X of each of the two or more charge transporting materials satisfying the following Formula (1).

Abstract: This is a photoconductor and dispenser assembly and system. The photoconductor is in a tubular form so as to accept a tubular formed dispenser within its hollow portion. The dispenser will coat within this hollow portion a uniform coating of an acoustical dampening material. This material will dull any sound produced by the photoconductive marking system. The assembly is the tube having in its hollow portion this dispenser. The dispenser fits tightly but movably within the hollow portion.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface protection layer that satisfies the following requirements: (1) including a crosslinked substance of at least one selected from a guanamine compound or a melamine compound, and at least one charge transporting material having at least one substituent selected from —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —SH or —COOH; (2) including the at least one of a guanamine compound or a melamine compound in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight; and (3) having a universal hardness of from about 180 to about 220 N/mm2 and a creep ratio of from about 5% to about 8%, the universal hardness and the creep ratio being obtained by performing a hardness test by pushing a Vickers quadrangular pyramid diamond indenter against the surface protection layer at a maximum load of 20 mN, in an environment of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member having an electroconductive substrate on which are provided at least a photosensitive layer and a protection layer, in that sequence, a charging device that charges the surface of the image bearing member to form a latent electrostatic image thereon, a development device that develops the latent electrostatic image with a development agent containing toner to obtain a developed toner image, a cleaning device that removes toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member and a lubricant material applicator that applies a lubricant material to the surface of the image bearing member, the protection layer containing a cured resin and a filler and the surface form of the protection layer having an arithmetical mean waviness Wa of from 0.05 to 0.3 ?m and an average length WSm of profile elements of from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, which are obtained from a waviness profile obtained by filtering a coarse component with a ?c profile filter of 0.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments are directed to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a release layer. More particularly, the disclosure relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a release layer which comprises an organosilane compound coated over the substrate surface. Other embodiments include methods for coating layer removal using a specifically configured electrophotographic photoreceptor having a release layer and methods for recovering a charge transport molecule.

Abstract: A semiconductive belt includes: at least one different resistance portion that is configured to partly differ in surface resistance from surroundings, wherein the at least one different resistance portion is at an angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to a belt end portion.

Abstract: An imaging belt comprises a substrate layer, an outer image layer and an inner anti-curl backing layer. The inner anti-curl backing layer, in turn, includes one or more carbon nanotubes disposed therein, together with an exposed backing layer surface. An image forming device includes the imaging belt. The image forming device is arranged to conductively couple the backing layer surface to an included ground source by means of one or more included conducting backer bars, one or more included grounding brushes, or any combination of included conducting backer bars and grounding brushes.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image bearing member is provided including a substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate, wherein the outermost layer of the electrostatic latent image bearing member includes a cross-linked resin formed from a cross-linking reaction between a charge transport polyol having a specific formula and an isocyanate compound; and the use of the electrostatic latent image bearing member in an image forming apparatus, a process cartridge, and an image forming method.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a complex azo pigment comprising an azo compound having the following formula (a): A(H)n??(a) wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n pieces of hydrogen atom through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming a part of the residue A; H represents a hydrogen atom; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 9, and a pigment.

Abstract: A photoconductive device includes: a photoconductive layer configured to generate carriers upon irradiation with excitation light, a first electrode arranged on the photoconductive layer, a second electrode arranged on the photoconductive layer with a gap between the first and second electrodes, and a third electrode arranged in a region over which an electric field caused by voltages applied to the first and second electrodes or an electric field caused by irradiation with a terahertz wave extends. A depletion layer of the photoconductive layer is controllable by a voltage applied to the third electrode.

Abstract: An imaging member has a crosslinked overcoat layer. The overcoat layer is formed from an overcoat solution comprising a trisilanol polyhedral oligomeric polysilsesquioxane; two crosslinking agents; a hole transport molecule; an acid catalyst; and an alcohol solvent. The overcoat layer provides excellent wear resistance at a low cost.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structural simplification, and material reformulation for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to the incorporation of a plasticizer into the charge transport layer such that an anticurl back coating is no longer needed for reduction or elimination of the layered photoreceptor curling.

Abstract: The present embodiments are generally directed to an improved imaging member exhibiting various advantages over conventional imaging members. More specifically, the present embodiments are directed to an improved interfacial layer formed from an aqueous-based coating solution which exhibits improved formation and coating properties, such as increased homogeneity and adhesion, and methods for making the same. The aqueous-based coating solution is environment-friendly and avoids the need to use more expensive organic solvents which involve higher safety risks in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monolayer type electrophotographic photoconductor which can effectively suppress the generation of an exposure memory and exhibits high sensitivity and an image forming apparatus using the monolayer type electrophotographic photoconductor. In an electrophotographic photoconductor which has a monolayer type photoconductive layer including at least a charge generating agent, a hole transfer agent, an electron transfer agent and a binding resin on a substrate, the charge generating agent contains oxo-titanyl phthalocyanine crystal, the electron transfer agent has a reduction potential thereof set to a value which falls within a range from ?0.97 to ?0.83 V, and the reflection absorbance (A/?) of the photoconductive layer with respect to light having a wavelength of 700 nm, a film thickness (d/m) of the photoconductive layer, and the concentration (C/weight %) of the oxo-titanyl phthalocyanine crystal of the photoconductive layer (100 weight %) satisfy a following formula (1).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a toner image forming unit, a color forming information applying unit, a transfer unit, a fixing unit and a color forming unit, the color forming information applying unit exposing a toner image formed on a surface of the image holding member from a back surface side of the image holding member, light transmitted through the image holding member applying color forming information to the toner image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provide which inhibits recovered toner from leaking out of the edge portion at the time of long-term use, and has good durability. Each of at least both edge portions of the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a region in which independent depressed portions are formed at a density of ten or more portions per 100 ?m square. An average depth Rdv-A, an average short axis diameter Lpc-A, and an average long axis diameter Rpc-A, of the depressed portions are respectively in specific ranges. When an angle formed between the circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the long axis of each of the depressed portions is represented by ?, the depressed portions are formed so that the angle ? satisfies the relationship of 90°<?<180° toward the center of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An imaging member is disclosed having a surface layer comprising a heat-sensitive material whose surface compatibility to printing agents, such as toners and inks, can be substantially reversed in response to small changes in temperature. The imaging member is suitable for use in lithographic and printing applications, permitting reversible switching between compatibility states of printing agents, such as between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states or oleophilic and oleophobic states, and enabling rapid production of images on a recording medium. The heat-sensitive material comprises an acrylamide polymer and a silicon material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive substrate; a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate; and an outermost surface layer that is a layer made of a cured material of a composition including at least one compound represented by the following formula (I) and at least one compound having charge transportability and an azo group: wherein in formula (I), F represents an n-valent organic group having a hole transporting property, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, L represents a divalent organic group, n represents an integer of 1 or more, and j represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a backing layer, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, and where the outermost layer of the backing layer is comprised of a mixture of a glycoluril resin and a polyacetal resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support and, on the conductive support, at least a photosensitive layer, the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a surface layer that may be the same as or different from the photosensitive layer and that includes fluororesin particles and a fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following Structural Formula A, and the content of quaternary ammonium salt in the surface layer being 50 ppm or less, wherein, in Structural Formula A, l represents a positive number of 1 or more; p represents 0 or a positive number of 1 or more; t represents a positive number of from 1 to 7; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and Q represents —O— or —NH—.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties while being prevented from the generation of blade turn-up, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit.

Abstract: A process including reacting a substituted or unsubstituted arylamine or a mixture thereof with a Vilsmeier reagent in the presence of a weakly polar liquid.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor has at least an electroconductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer formed on or above the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor is a cured membrane of a composition containing at least one compound (a) having in a single molecule thereof a charge transporting skeleton and a chain polymerizable functional group, and at least one thermopolymerizable or photopolymerizable silicone polymeric radical polymerization initiator (b).

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating liquid for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive body, which is excellent in electrical characteristics and mechanical durability, while being excellent in coatability and liquid stability. Also disclosed are an electrophotographic photosensitive body produced by using such a coating liquid, an image-forming device comprising such an electrophotographic photosensitive body, and an electrophotographic photosensitive body cartridge. Specifically disclosed is a coating liquid for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive body, which is characterized by containing a copolymerized polycarbonate resin and asolvent A having a boiling point of not less than 80#C but not more than 150#C. The copolymerized polycarbonate resin has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) below, while containing not more than 10% by weight of a repeating unit having a biphenyl structure. The average of repetitions of the unit represented by the formula (1) is not more than 10.

Abstract: The present invention is a photoconductive element that includes an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer disposed over said electrically conductive support, and disposed over said barrier layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The barrier layer includes a monomeric glass mixture incorporating tetracarbonylbisimide groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer arranged on or above the electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer arranged on or above the photosensitive layer, and containing about 90% or more by atom of gallium (Ga), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), and having an atomic number density of about 7.8×1022 cm?3 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, includes: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive support, the photosensitive layer including an outermost surface layer at the farthest location from the conductive support, wherein the outermost surface layer contains: coated insulating inorganic particles obtained by subjecting insulating inorganic particles having a specific surface area of not more than about 300 m2/g to a coating treatment with an aromatic functional group-containing compound; and fluorine-containing organic particles.

Abstract: A photoconductor containing a fluoroalkyl ester layer, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive body that reduces non-uniform image density and that can enhance a definition of an image, and an image forming apparatus provided with the same. [Means for Solving Problems] An electrophotographic photosensitive body includes a substrate (20) and a photosensitive layer (21). In the electrophotographic photosensitive body, when a reflectance to an exposure light L1 is defined as a first reflectance, and a reflectance of an eliminating light is defined as a second reflectance, the first reflectance is positively correlated with a light intensity rate of the exposure light L1, and the second reflectance is positively correlated with the light intensity rate of the exposure light L1 in a first case, while is negatively correlated with the light intensity rate of the exposure light L1 in a second case.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cylindrical body and a photosensitive layer formed on a circumferential surface of the cylindrical body and including a latent image forming area and a non-latent image forming area. The photosensitive layer includes a stress relaxation portion at the non-latent image forming area for releasing stress applied between the cylindrical body and the photosensitive layer. The present invention further relates to a method of producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on a surface of the conductive substrate is provided. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an outermost layer of the photosensitive layer containing a crosslinked product formed from at least one charge transporting material having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —SH, and —COOH, an acidic substance, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formula (A) and compounds represented by the following formula (B).

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording medium is disclosed. The electrophotographic recording medium can include a base layer acting as the substrate, a undercoating layer formed on a surface of the base layer and a toner fixing layer formed on the undercoating layer. The undercoating layer may include one or more resins selected from a group consisting of an acryl resin, a polyurethane resin, a vinyl resin and a polyol resin. The electrophotographic recording medium disclosed herein may advantageously exhibit curling preventive characteristics and improved smoothness and glossiness.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording medium can have a first layer of base material and a second layer formed on one or both surfaces of the first layer for fixing toner. The second layer can include a hollow pigment, an inorganic material and a binder resin. The amount of the hollow pigment can be in the range of about 10% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the second layer. The ratio of the white paper glossiness before and after printing on the recording medium may be greater than 1.5.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor bearing an electrostatic image; a developing device developing the electrostatic image with a developer including a toner to form a toner image on the photoreceptor; a transferring device transferring the toner image onto a receiving material; and a cleaning device having a cleaning blade cleaning the surface of the photoreceptor. The photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer and an outermost layer having projected portions thereon. The outermost layer and projected portions include the same crosslinked charge transport material. The outermost layer has a surface roughness property such that the number of projected portions having height greater than Rz/2 is from 40 to 90 in a length of 12 mm, wherein Rz represents ten-point mean roughness of the outermost layer. The tip of the cleaning blade is contacted with the photoreceptor at a linear pressure of from 80 g/cm to 150 g/cm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which is excellent in cleaning performance, has improved durability, and suppresses image defects in various environments. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support. Depressed portions independent of one another are formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member so that the number of the depressed portions per 100 ?m square is 76 or more and 1,000 or less. The openings of the depressed portions have an average major axis diameter of more than 3.0 ?m and 14.0 ?m or less.