Abstract: There is provided an optical recording medium comprising a recording layer containing a charge-generating material capable of generating a first electric charge and a second electric charge by beam irradiation, the second electric charge having a different polarity from that of the first electric charge, a charge-transport material enabling at least the first electric charge to be transported to isolate the first electric charge and the second electric charge, and a trapping material retaining the first electric charge. The optical characteristics of the recording layer is changed in accordance with changes in spatial distribution of the first and second electric charges, and the trapping material is provided with a conjugated system and with at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and bonded through an unsaturated carbon atom of the heterocyclic group to the conjugated system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel organophotoreceptor that comprises an electrically conductive substrate and photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element having a) a novel charge transport compound having the formula where X is a divalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms where there is at least one substitution of a carbon atom by a heteroatom provided that no two heteroatoms may be adjacent within the backbone of an aliphatic divalent hydrocarbon radical, R1 is an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, R2 is a (N,N-disubstituted)arylamine group, and R3 is an epoxy group; and (b) a charge generating compound. The epoxy group can be reacted with a functional group within the polymer to form a polymeric charge transport compound either directly or through a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member with linear and proportional collection efficiencies and substantially constant photoinduced characteristics comprised of a supporting substrate, and thereover in, for example, certain weight ratios, a single layer comprised of a mixture of a photogenerator component, a charge transport component, an electron transport component, and a polymer binder, and wherein the photogenerating component is a pigment.

Abstract: A method of coating a photoconductive element for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and an apparatus therefore are disclosed. A plurality of cylindrical bodies are immersed in a bath, which stores a coating liquid, at the same time and then lifted out of the bath. As a result, a photoconductive film is formed on each cylindrical body.

Abstract: A charge transfer layer system that encapsulates or surrounds high viscosity silicone oils (polysiloxanes) using silicone microspheres, fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene or inorganic particles such as silica, or metal soaps (zinc stearate). The encapsulation of the silicone oil results in aggregation or agglomeration of the silicone microspheres, fluoropolymers, or inorganic particles. The silicone oils have viscosity greater than 10,000 centistokes (cs) and the particles are about 6 ?m or less.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor for an electro-photography, comprising a conductive support member and at least a light sensitive layer, and comprising a toner image forming surface of the photoreceptor having a surface roughness Ra between 0.02 ?m and 0.1 ?m and a surface roughness Rz between 0.1 ?m and 1 ?m, and an image forming apparatus comprising the same are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: There is provided a photoconductive element capable of generating and detecting broadband electromagnetic waves such as terahertz waves at a comparatively high efficiency by decreasing or avoiding the absorption of electromagnetic waves into a substrate. A photoconductive element 1 includes a photoconductive film 5 exhibiting conductivity by the radiation of light, a substrate 6 holding the photoconductive film and a thin film sandwiched between the photoconductive film 5 and the substrate 6, the thin film being different in composition from the photoconductive film 5 and the substrate 6. The photoconductive film 5 is provided with an antenna 7 having a gap portion 2 and an electrode 4 electrically connectable to the antenna 7. At least a part of the photoconductive film where the gap portion 2 of the antenna 7 is located is single crystal. The substrate 6 has an opening portion 3 at a part corresponding to a part of the photoconductive film 5 where the gap portion 2 of the antenna 7 is located.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a substantially cylindrical body and a photosensitive layer formed on the outer circumference of the body. The body has an outer diameter larger at a middle portion of a latent image forming area than at end portions of the latent image forming area in the axial direction. The electrophotographic photosensitive member may further include a heating member accommodated within the body and extending along the axial direction of the body, for heating the latent image forming area of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are toner compositions comprised of a polymer, an optional colorant, and an UV light curable oligomer. Also disclosed are methods for producing a UV curable toner compositions, the toner compositions produced thereby, and methods of utilizing the UV curable toner compositions in various painting applications.

Abstract: A seamed flexible belt having a substrate and a seam having interlocking seam members, wherein the interlocking seam members are held together by an adhesive having polyamide and an optional electrically conductive filler, for use in electrostatographic, contact electrostatic, digital and other like printing machines.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic apparatus having a blue (purple) semiconductor laser as a light source, the electrophotographic apparatus has an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging means, an exposure means, a developing means, a transfer means and a destaticizing means. The exposure means has a semiconductor laser and the destaticizing means having a light-emitting diode, wherein wavelength ?a (nm) of the semiconductor laser, wavelength ?b (nm) of the light-emitting diode and wavelength ?c (nm) at which the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a maximum spectral sensitivity satisfy the following relationship (1): ?a<?c<?b??(1) and any of the ?a, the ?b and the ?c is within the range of from 380 nm to 520 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed in which toner has a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 being at least 65 percent, a variation coefficient of the shape coefficient of 4 to 16%, and a number variation coefficient in the toner number particle size distribution of 8 to 27 percent, and charge generation material used in the photoreceptor contains a mixture compound represented by Formula 1 in which n has a range of distribution and (x+y) is not more than 99% when x represents the ratio of a component having the largest content and y represents the ratio of a component having the second content, X-(CTM-group)n-Y:??Formula (1) CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10.

Abstract: Silicon-containing layers for electrophotographic photoreceptors which have high mechanical strength, improved electrophotographic characteristics and improved image deletion characteristics even under conditions of high temperature and high humidity are provided. Such silicon-containing layers include silicon-containing compounds, which may be cross-linked, and siloxane-containing antioxidants that can be selected from hindered phenol antioxidants, hindered amine antioxidants, thioether antioxidants and phosphite antioxidants. Electrophotographic photoreceptors and electrophotographic imaging apparatuses containing such silicon-containing layers are also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a support, an interlayer containing inorganic particle and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The photosensitive layer contains a mixture of compounds represented by Formula (1) having different n and (Rp+Rs) is not more than 99%, wherein Rp is a ratio of a component having the maximum content in the mixture and Rs is a ratio of a component having the content next to the maximum content in percent. X—(CTM-group)n—Y ??(1) In the formula, CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10, provided that n is an integer of from 1 to 10 when both X and Y are hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. A processing cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, and thereover a single layer comprised of a mixture of a photogenerator component, charge transport components, and a certain electron transport component, and a certain polymer binder.

Abstract: An image forming method which can provides excellent cleaning property, no occurrence of unusual noise or curling of a blade, and a high quality image. The method includes forming a latent image on a cylindrical electrophotographic photoconductor including a mass additive therein; and developing the latent image with a developer comprising a toner, wherein the toner comprises a ratio (Dv50/Dp50) of a 50% volume particle size (Dv50) to a 50% number particle size (Dp50) of 1.0 to 1.15, a ratio (Dv75/Dp75) of a cumulative 75% volume particle size (Dv75) from a larger volume particle size to a cumulative 75% number particle size (Dp75) from a larger number particle size of 1.0 to 1.20, and the number of toner particles having a particle size of 0.7×(Dp50) or less in an amount of not greater than 10 number %.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive layer being formed from a non-single-crystal material constituted by at least silicon atoms as a base material, and a non-single-crystal layer region constituted by silicon atoms and carbon atoms as base materials, the non-single-crystal layer region being laminated on the photoconductive layer, in which the content distribution of the oxygen atoms to a total amount of component atoms in a thickness direction within the non-single-crystal layer region has a peak.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming method comprising: developing a latent image formed on a cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor having a cylindricity of 5 to 40 ?m, with a developer comprising a toner sufficing at least one of conditions (1) to (5): (1) A toner includes toner particles having a variation coefficient of shape coefficient of not more than 16 percent. (2) A toner includes at least 65 percent of toner particles having a shape coefficient in the range of 1.2 to 1.6. (3) A toner includes at least 50% of toner particles in number having no corner. (4) A toner includes toner particles having a number variation coefficient in the number particle size distribution of not more than 27 percent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-soluble luminescent quantum dot, a biomolecular conjugate thereof and a composition comprising such a quantum dot or conjugate. Additionally, the present invention provides a method of obtaining a luminescent quantum dot, a method of making a biomolecular conjugate thereof, and methods of using a biomolecular conjugate for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a cylindrical support and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the cylindrical support. The peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of grooves formed substantially in its peripheral direction and flat portions, and in the grooves, the number of grooves each having a width in the range of from 0.5 ?m to 40 ?m is from 20 to 1,000 lines per 1,000 ?m in width in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved organophotoreceptor that comprises an electrically conductive substrate having at least a surface; an inner photoconductive layer adjacent the surface of the electrically conductive substrate; and an outer photoconductive layer adjacent the inner photoconductive layer. In some embodiments, the inner photoconductive layer comprises a first binder in an amount not more than 45% by weight of the inner photoconductive layer, a first charge generating compound, and a charge transport compound, and the outer photoconductive layer comprises a second binder in an amount not less than 45% by weight of the outer photoconductive layer and a second charge generating compound. The inner photoconductive layer and the outer photoconductive layer can be discrete layers or sections of a gradient layer.

Abstract: The description herein includes cyanine dyes and analogs of the vaso-active intestinal peptide. These are useful to provide peptide-dye conjugates for use as contrast media in optical diagnoses.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a support and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The photosensitive layer contains a mixture of compounds represented by Formula (1) having different n and (Rp+Rs) is not more than 99%, wherein Rp is a ratio of a component having the maximum content in the mixture and Rs is a ratio of a component having the content next to the maximum content in percent. X—(CTM-group)n—Y??(1) In the formula, CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10, provided that n is an integer of from 1 to 10 when both X and Y are hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. A processing cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member having a charge-retentive surface and a substrate, an imaging layer to receive an electrostatic latent image thereon, wherein the imaging layer is positioned on one side of the substrate, and an anti-curl backing layer positioned on the substrate on a side opposite to that of the imaging layer, wherein the anti-curl backing layer has a polymer binder and lignin sulfonic acid doped polyaniline, and an image forming apparatus having the above imaging member or photoreceptor to receive an electrostatic latent image on a charge-retentive surface of the photoreceptor or imaging member; a development component to apply toner to the charge-retentive surface to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a developed image on the charge-retentive surface; a transfer member to transfer the developed image from the charge-retentive surface to a copy substrate; and a fixing component to fuse the developed image to the copy substrate.

Abstract: A composition includes a metal oxide particle, which can optionally be surface treated by a silane coupling agent, and an electron acceptor surface grafted to the metal oxide particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein nitrate ion is present on the surface of the photosensitive layer in an amount of from 50 to 300 ?g per 1 m2 of the surface of the photosensitive layer when the nitrate ion is determined by an ion chromatographic method. Preferably a material having a fluorine atom and a carbon atom or a fatty acid metal salt such as zinc stearate is further present on the surface of the photosensitive layer such that the F/C ratio is from 0.05 to 0.5 or the Zn/C ratio is from 0.001 to 0.1. An image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor is also provided.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member having a flexible supporting substrate, an imaging layer capable of retaining an electrostatic latent image, and an electrically conductive ground strip layer comprising a film forming binder and a lignin sulfonic acid doped polyaniline dispersion, and an image forming apparatus with the above imaging member to receive an electrostatic latent image on a charge-retentive surface of the imaging member; a development component to apply toner to the charge-retentive surface to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a developed toner image on the charge-retentive surface; a transfer component to transfer the developed toner image from the charge-retentive surface to a receiving copy substrate; and a fixing component to fuse the developed image to the receiving copy substrate.

Abstract: Significant advances in semiconductor microelectronics technologies have resulted in greatly enhanced chip performance. Systems studies have continuously shown that on-board interconnects between chips are the bottleneck in achieving board level performance that is comparable with this chip performance. This invention provides a multiple-layer photonic-electronic circuit board family that solves this interconnect performance problem. Multiple layers of patterned optical channel waveguides and patterned electrical conductors co-exist in a single circuit board structure, with optical vias to transport light between different photonics layers and electrical vias to transport electrical signals and power between different electronics layers. An all-lithographic fabrication technology is used to build the entire board structure with mutually compatible planar processing steps.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member includes a hole blocking layer, a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, and an optional overcoating layer, wherein at least one of the charge transport layer and the optional overcoating layer is formed in a sol-gel process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a silicon compound-containing layer containing a silicon compound, and the silicon compound-containing layer further contains a resin, and wherein the photosensitive layer has a peak area in the region of ?40 to 0 ppm (S1) and a peak area in the region of ?100 to ?50 ppm (S2) in a 29Si-NMR spectrum satisfying the following equation (1): S1/(S1+S2)?0.5.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotosensitive material which realizes uniform dispersion of phthalocyanines in a photosensitive layer and has high sensitivity to a digital light source, and also excellent in charge stability under the high temperature atmosphere, weatherability and NOx resistance.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer formed on the conductive substrate wherein the photoreceptive layer charged uniformly is exposed to light corresponding to an image information to form an electrostatic latent image, the surface free energy (?) is determined to be at least 20 mN/m and at most 35 mN/m. The determination of ? on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 in the appropriate range makes it possible to suppress excessive adhesion of a toner to the surface of the photoreceptor, to suppress adhesion of foreign matters such as a paper powder and to make easy the separation thereof from the surface, which results in improving the cleanability of the photoreceptor. Since the image is formed with the photoreceptor 1 having always the clean surface, the damage or the decrease in image quality does not occur over a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic laminated film and a method for producing the electrophotographic laminated film. The electrophotographic laminated film comprises a substrate and at least one of a coating layer and a function control means provided on a surface of the substrate. The uppermost layer of the coating layer has a surface resistance in a range of 1.0×108 to 1.0×1013 ?/?. The surface of the substrate preferably comprises at least one of a polycarbonate resin and a polyallylate resin. At least one of the coating layer and the function control means is preferably formed by providing a coating liquid. Further, a solvent contained in the coating liquid is preferably permits at least one of the coating layer and function control means to be formed while dissolving the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Triazine ring based polymers for photoinduced liquid crystal alignment introduces photoactive groups for inducing, reinforcing, improving and preserving liquid crystal alignment, for example photoreactor such as cinnamate, coumarin, chalcone and maleimide, as a chain to have at least one photoactive group. One of the photoactive groups can experience Fries rearrangement which induces liquid crystal alignment, and other groups can experience photodimerization, photoisomerization, photocrosslinkng or photodegradation to reinforce, change or preserve the generated alignment.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and comprising a charge generation material, a charge transport material and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the inorganic filler at a surface side of the photosensitive layer is greater than that at a bottom side of the photosensitive layer near the electroconductive substrate, and wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor has a water vapor permeability not greater than 50 g·m?2·24 h?1.

Abstract: There is provided an optical recording medium comprising a recording layer containing a charge-generating material capable of generating a first electric charge and a second electric charge by beam irradiation, the second electric charge having a different polarity from that of the first electric charge, a charge-transport material enabling at least the first electric charge to be transported to isolate the first electric charge and the second electric charge, and a trapping material retaining the first electric charge. The optical characteristics of the recording layer is changed in accordance with changes in spatial distribution of the first and second electric charges, and the trapping material is provided with a conjugated system and with at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and bonded through an unsaturated carbon atom of the heterocyclic group to the conjugated system.

Abstract: An organic optoelectronic device includes a solution coatable thin film having a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material, and a photogenerating component uniformly dispersed therein. The thin film is about 0.2 microns or less, and can be spin-coated onto a substrate and further coated with electrodes.

Abstract: An information recording medium including at least one electrophotographic laminate film in which a surface resistance of at least one surface is in a range of 108 to 1013 ?/?, and on which a toner image corresponding to information is formed; and an opaque core base material laminated on the surface of the electrophotographic laminate film, on which surface the toner image is formed.

Abstract: A single layered electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a photosensitive layer having at least a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material, and a binder on a conductive support. The photosensitive layer includes a peculiar charge transfer complex (CT-complex) formed by the hole transporting material and the electron transporting material.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, and thereover a single photoactive layer comprised of a mixture of a photogenerator component, an electron transport component, a transport component, and a polymeric binder; and wherein said photogenerating component is comprised of a mixture of a metal free phthalocyanine and a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: An electrophotographic article having a complex of charge generating material and at least one transfer material selected from the group consisting of electron transfer material and hole transfer material is formed by admixing the charge generating material, at least one transfer material, and an organic binder in a solvent to form a coatable dispersion comprising a complex of charge generating material and said at least one transfer material; and coating said coatable dispersion onto a conductive substrate to form a charge transfer layer on the electrophotoconductive article. A novel S-form titanyl oxyphthalocyanine is also preferred, the novel form displaying major peaks of Bragg's 2theta angle to the CuK-alpha characteristic X-ray (wavelength 1.541 Angstrom) at least at 9.5±0.2 degrees, 9.7±0.2 degrees, 11.7±0.2 degrees, 13.5±0.2 degrees, (optionally at 21±0.2 degrees and/or 23.5±0.2 degrees,) 24.1±0.2 degrees, 26.4±0.2 degrees, and 27.3±0.2 degrees group.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus contains a photoconductor having a support and a photoconductive layer disposed thereon. I(S) at the surface of the photoconductor and I(S) at the interface of the photoconductive layer on the support side are 5.0×10?3 or less and the sum of I(S)s is 3.0×10?3 or more.

Abstract: A compound having the Formula I wherein: R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a monocyclic aromatic group, a polycyclic aromatic group, an alkylaryl group, or an arylalkyl group; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a monocyclic aromatic group, a polycyclic aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, an alkoxyaryl group, an arylalkoxy group, a halogen, and hydrogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of a straight chain alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a monocyclic aromatic group, a polycyclic aromatic group, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, an alkoxyaryl group, an arylalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a halogen, and hydrogen.

Abstract: A chromium-containing half-tone phase-shift photomask comprising coarse and dense patterns coexisting in a plane is prepared by a series of pattern-forming steps including forming a resist layer on a photomask blank, exposing and patterning said resist layer, developing, etching said photomask blank and removing said resist layer. Patterns for transferring onto a wafer are formed on the photomask blank by a dry-etching method comprising dry-etching a chromium-containing half-tone phase-shift film utilizing etching gas comprised of mixed gas including (a) reactive ion etching gas, containing an oxygen-containing gas and a halogen-containing gas, and (b) reducing gas added to the gas component (a).

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate, and provided thereon a photoconductive layer containing at least an amorphous material composed chiefly of silicon atoms and, deposited on the photoconductive layer, a layer region containing an amorphous material composed chiefly of silicon atoms, which layer region contains at least partly a periodic-table Group 13 element, the content of the periodic-table Group 13 element based on the total amount of constituent atoms in the layer region deposited on the photoconductive layer has distribution having at least any two of maximum value(s) and maximum region(s) in the thickness direction of the layer region. This electrophotographic photosensitive member can be improved in charging performance, can prevent image defects due to pressure mars and can form high-quality images over a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and provided thereon a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a high-molecular weight charge-transporting material having a specific repeating structural unit. The high-molecular weight charge-transporting material has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 1,500 or more and an energy level of highest occupied molecular orbital, EHOMO, of from ?8.3 eV or more to ?8.0 eV or less as found by semiempirical molecular-orbital calculation. The present invention also relates to a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An image is formed by using in combination a photoreceptor having a surface roughness Rz not larger than 1.0 and a developing agent comprising a toner containing toner particles containing a binder resin and a coloring agent, silica particles, and a metal soap, the weight ratio of the silica particles to the metal soap falling within a range of between 10 and 60.

Abstract: A fluorescent article is disclosed comprising a polymer matrix comprising a polymer having in its backbone repeating units of a U.V. light absorbing moiety, or a moiety capable of being transformed by photo-Fries rearrangement into a U.V. light absorbing moiety, the matrix further comprising a fluorescent dye. The matrix affords surprisingly improved fluorescence protection as compared to prior fluorescent articles having only U.V. light absorbing additives.