Abstract: Emissions of sulfur oxides from the regenerator of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit are reduced by selectively removing a portion of the sulfur from sulfur-containing coke deposits on deactivated cracking catalyst. This is accomplished by reaction of these deposits with limited amounts of molecular oxygen in a stripping zone at a temperature in the range from about 550.degree. to about 700.degree. C. Effluent gas from the striping zone is combined with the cracked hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: Sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide control by use of a sulfur sorbent and sulfur dioxide oxidation promoter in the regenerator and downstream removal of nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction using ammonia injection and trapped cracking catalyst fines.

Abstract: A combination process is described for upgrading residual oils and high boiling portions thereof comprising metal contaminants and high boiling Conradson carbon forming compounds comprising a thermal visbreaking operation with fluidizable inert solids followed by a fluidized zeolite catalytic cracking operation processing demetallized products of the visbreaking operation, regenerating solid particulate of each operation under conditions to provide CO rich flue gases relied upon to generate steam used in each of the fluidized solids conversion operation and downstream product separation arrangements, separating the wet gas product stream of each operation in a common product recovery arrangement and processing the high boiling feed product of visbreaking comprising up to 100 ppm Ni +V metal contaminant over a recycled crystalline zeolite cracking catalyst distributed in a sorbent matrix material comprising a high level of Ni +V metal contaminant.

Abstract: In a process for cracking a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon an improved oxidation promoter for converting SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 comprising an intimate association of palladium and at least one other metal selected from the group comprising platinum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, and rhodium.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a catalyst containing molybdenum as an active component comprising subjecting a catalyst, which has been deactivated through the use for a reaction, with or without a molybdenum source added thereto, to a heat treatment in a reducing gas atmosphere under specific temperature conditions and then subjecting same to a further heat treatment in a gaseous atmosphere containing molecular oxygen and at specific temperature conditions.

Abstract: A new catalyst and process for synthesis of dimethyl ether from low H.sub.2 /CO ratio syngas are disclosed. The catalyst is a combination of Cu, Zn and Al, co-precipitated in predetermined relative amounts, which is found to be oxidatively regenerable and utilizable with the syngas product of modern coal gasifiers without the need for external water-gas-shift.

Abstract: An apparatus for regenerating coke-contaminated fluid catalyst which comprises a vertical combustion chamber, an inlet to said chamber for spent catalyst and regeneration gas, a disengagement chamber above and in communication with the combustion chamber, a heat removal chamber below the combustion chamber in which may be maintained a dense phase catalyst bed, heat removal means positioned within the heat removal chamber such that it will be immersed in the catalyst bed, a recycle conduit for passing catalyst from the disengagement chamber to the heat removal chamber, a vertical cooled catalyst inlet conduit connecting the heat removal chamber with the lower portion of the combustion chamber so that catalyst can pass from the former to the latter, and a regeneration gas inlet line connecting with a lower part of the cooled catalyst inlet conduit to enable the flow of cooled catalyst up into the combustion chamber, wherein a control system senses the catalyst level in the heat removal zone, formulates an outpu

Abstract: A process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon with simultaneous production of a low BTU fuel gas and catalyst regeneration comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed, at elevated temperature and in a cracking zone, with a solid acid catalyst comprising a catalytic metal oxide component wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting essentially of (a) tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof (b) mixture of (a) with tantalum, hafnium, chromium, titanium, zirconium and mixtures thereof, said oxide component being supported on a silica-containing inorganic refractory metal oxide support having a silica content less than 50 wt. % of the total support, to produce a cracked product and a deactivated catalyst and regenerating the deactive catalyst to produce a low BTU gas rich in CO, a gas rich in H.sub.2, or both and recirculating the regenerated catalyst back to the cracking zone, said catalyst being steamed prior to use at a temperature at least 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously cracking a heavy hydrocarbons to form light oil and producing hydrogen is described, which comprises (1) a first step wherein steam and heavy hydrocarbons are simultaneously contacted with a catalyst in a reduced state, containing iron in the form of iron oxide, to produce hydrogen, cracked gases and cracked light oils, to convert the reduced-state catalyst into an oxidized-state catalyst, and to deposit coke on the catalyst, (2) a second step wherein the oxidized-state catalyst with coke deposited thereon is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas to partially combust the coke on the catalyst, to convert the oxidized-state catalyst into a reduced-state catalyst, and to fix a sulfur compound contained in the coke as iron sulfide with a part of the reduced-state catalyst; and (3) a third step wherein catalyst obtained from the second step, the major portion of the catalyst being recycled between the first step and second step, is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a tempera

Abstract: A process is disclosed for decarbonization-demetallization of a poor quality residual oil feed boiling above about 650.degree. F. and comprising substantial Conradson carbon components to provide a higher grade of oil feed by contacting the poor quality oil feed with sorbent particle material containing one or more metal additives selected to catalyze the endothermic removal of coke with CO.sub.2. Sorbent decarbonization conditions are selected so that substantial quantities of carbonaceous material and metals are deposited on the sorbent in the decarbonizing zone. Sorbent material with metals and hydrocarbonaceous deposits is regenerated in the presence of an oxygen and carbon dioxide containing gas streams in separate sorbent regeneration zones at a temperature sufficiently elevated to remove residual coke to a desired low level. Regenerated sorbent particle material at an elevated temperature below about 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: A molecular sieve material for removing water from a liquid, such as distilled alcohol produced from grain, is placed in a series of concentric cylindrical spaces of narrow but equal width and separated by concentric cylindrical passages of lesser width, through which a heated gas, such as air containing the gaseous product of combustion of a fuel, is passed for heating the material for regeneration. After heating, the material is cooled by a gas, such as air, through the same passages. The cylindrical sleeves forming the spaces and passages are relatively thin and the spaces are closed at opposite ends by annular rings to which the sleeves are attached, as by welding, with spacing blocks at spaced points in the passages. Additional rings, of slightly less width than the spaces, are spot welded just inside the end rings to permit flow of liquid but retain the sieve material.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent copper-porous refractory metal oxide carrier composite for sorbing sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons in which the spent sorbent is optionally stripped of hydrocarbons, oxidized to convert absorbed sulfur to a sulfate form, and then purged with an inert gas at temperatures that decompose the sulfate form to sulfur dioxide, thereby reducing the sulfur content of the sorbent substantially.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-diones are prepared by passing .delta.-ketocarboxylic acid esters in the gaseous phase over a temperature of from 250.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. at a catalyst. The catalyst contains at least one element of groups III B or IV B of the Periodic System in the form of a compound. Particularly preferred catalysts are thorium compounds on charcoal carriers.