Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for generating functional biomolecules, particularly to methods for generating multiple functional nucleic acids against multiple target molecules simultaneously. The present invention further relates to methods for generating functional biomolecules, particularly to functional nucleic acids, that bind with functional activity to another biomolecule, such as a receptor molecule. In one exemplary aspect of the invention, generation of functional biomolecules may be performed against multiple targets simultaneously within a single system, such as the generation of functional nucleic acid ligands within a single reaction volume. In general, a plurality of targets may be disposed within in a single reaction volume and a library of biomolecules, such as a nucleic acid library, may be applied to the reaction volume. The members of the library that do not bind to any of the plurality of targets under given conditions may then be partitioned, such as by washing.

Abstract: Embodiments include a universal and generic method for rapidly genotyping essentially any single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and or other polymorphism. Various embodiments include procedures for SNP and/or allele analysis that are easy, cheap, highly multiplexable, easily automatable, and lend themselves to high-throughput. Embodiments are broadly applicable for all applications where SNP determinations are useful.

Abstract: An array is formed with a protective cover on a substrate. The protective cover is patterned to produce an array of openings to the substrate. Desired material is deposited on the substrate through the openings. The protective cover may then be removed. In one embodiment, the protective cover is a conformal polymer, such as di-para-xylylene. It may be removed by mechanical peeling. The material may be biological material such as DNA. The protective cover may be used to prevent non-specific hybridization in inter-spot regions by performing hybridization with the cover still in place. Hybridization that occurs in such regions between the spots may be removed with removal of the protective cover.

Abstract: A substrate includes; a fiducial mark disposed on the substrate, an area on the substrate on which a probe material is configured to be immobilized, the area being separated from the fiducial mark, and a probe immobilization compound disposed on the area on the substrate on which the probe material is configured to be immobilized, wherein the fiducial mark has a structure which reflects irradiated light at a greater intensity than an intensity of reflected irradiated light form the area on the substrate not corresponding to the fiducial mark.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quantitative and quantity aspects of array synthesis and array uses as a device for high capacity producing synthetic molecules for off-array surface applications and as an assay device for on-array surface applications.

Abstract: A micro bead having a digitally coded structure that is partially transmissive and opaque to light. The pattern of transmitted light is determined by to decode the bead. The coded bead may be structured a series of alternating light transmissive and opaque sections, with relative positions, widths and spacing resembling a 1D or 2D bar code image. To decode the image, the alternating transmissive and opaque sections of the body are scanned in analogous fashion to bar code scanning. The coded bead may be coated or immobilized with a capture or probe to effect a desired bioassay. The coded bead may include a paramagnetic material. A bioanalysis system conducts high throughput bioanalysis using the coded bead, including a reaction detection zone and a decoding zone.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate that is used to produce a microarray, wherein the substrate includes; a fiducial mark disposed on the substrate, and a probe immobilization region disposed on the substrate, wherein a surface of the first fiducial mark is a hydrophobic and a probe immobilization compound is immobilized on the probe immobilization region.

Abstract: A process of determining whether a patient with a disease or disorder will be responsive to a drug, used to treat the disease or disorder, including obtaining a test spectrum produced by a mass spectrometer from a serum produced from the patient. The test spectrum may be processed to determine a relation to a group of class labeled spectra produced from respective serum from other patients having the or similar clinical stage same disease or disorder and known to have responded or not responded to the drug. Based on the relation of the test spectrum to the group of class labeled spectra, a determination may be made as to whether the patient will be responsive to the drug.

Abstract: It is proposed by the present invention the use of ternary matrices as an adapter of molecular biological information for integration of the said biological information. Another exclusive aspect of the present invention consists in a method of search and visualization of molecular biological information stored in at least one database, wherein a preferred implementation of the method is made using a computer program and wherein the same may be accessed using a computer network such as the Internet.

Abstract: Methods for determining the quality of a biomolecular microarray to determine suitability of the microarray for performing specific binding reactions, such as hybridization, are provided. Methods are based on staining a microarray with a solution of detectable nanoparticles that reversibly stain the biomolecules through an electrostatic interaction to select microarrays that meet quality standards for hybridization reactions. A gold nanoparticle solution based staining method for DNA microarrays is provided. Destaining methods allowing multiple rounds of hybridization of nanogold stained microarrays are provided. Microarrays selected by methods of the invention are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a facile and efficient method for determining a chromatographic protocol for separating a target protein from one or more second protein impurity. Also provided is a database facilitating the determination of an appropriate separation protocol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microarray chip for use in the analysis of various sample types. The microarray chips disclosed herein generally comprise a substrate covered with a coating material comprising a photoresist material, wherein the coating material is patterned to comprise a plurality of microstructures such as microwells and/or microcolumns. Methods for preparing and utilizing the microarray chips of the invention are further provided. The microarray chips of the instant invention find particular use in high-throughput assays.

Abstract: This invention relates to photonic biosensor arrays in particular employing plasmon resonance based sensing, and to methods and apparatus for reading such arrays. A biosensor array for plasmon resonance-based sensing of a plurality of different biological targets simultaneously, the array comprising a transparent substrate having a surface bearing a plurality of assay spots for plasmon resonance sensing, each of said assay spots comprising a discrete metallic island, a said metallic island comprising a plurality of metallic nanoparticles to which are attached functionalising molecules for binding to a said biological target, different said islands bearing different said functionalising molecules for binding to different ones of said biological targets, and wherein total internal reflection of light at said surface at a wavelength at or near a said plasmon resonance results in scattering of said light away from said surface, said scattering being modulated by said binding of said biological targets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system of multi-stage stem cell carcinogenesis and a method of generating such multi-stage stem cell carcinogenesis system. Various stages of cancer stem cells can be generated from normal stem cells via mutagenesis. The system of the present invention enables monitoring changes in the ability of cells to transition from one stage of carcinogenesis to another and to identify genetic pathways and molecules that influence carcinogenesis. The present invention also enables a high-throughput and nonbiased screening for targets that preferentially affect cancer stem cells relative to non-cancer stem cells or their derivatives during stem cell carcinogenesis, thus is useful in developing anti-cancer therapeutics.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing unmodified material using a metal-ion approach is provided wherein the material is immobilized on a surface in an active state on surface features coupled with metal-ions.

Abstract: Condensation of water from a gas, such as from atmospheric air or other nearby ambient gas, is provided for use in a variety of jetting devices, such as lab-on-a-chip applications. Further embodiments involve the use of frozen liquids, not limited to frozen condensed water, and microcooling of fluidic components or working materials for improved process control and reliability.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of identifying an insect pheromone. Initially, a candidate insect pheromone-binding protein is obtained and sequenced. Specific proteins may then be selected by observing the pattern of pheromone-binding protein expression in the insect stage, phase or caste; and/or in the antenna and other sensilla by, for example, in situ hybridization; and/or by comparison with sequence of known pheromone binding proteins. A composition of one or more pheromones may then be contacted with the pheromone-binding protein. Any pheromones bound to the protein may then be eluted and analyzed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the identification and/or characterization of clones conferring a desired biological property from an expression library. The method of the invention comprises the step of analyzing for the expression of at least one (poly)peptide, such as a tag expressed as a fusion protein, together with a recombinant insert of a clone of said expression library, wherein the clones of said expression library are arranged in arrayed form. Said (poly)peptide may be fused N-terminally or C-terminally to said insert.

Abstract: Provided is a set of two or more mass labels, each label in the set comprising a mass marker moiety attached via a cleavable linker having at least one amide bond to a mass normalization moiety, wherein the aggregate mass of each label in the set may be the same or different and the mass of the mass marker moiety of each label in the set may be the same or different, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a mass marker moiety of a common mass each label has an aggregate mass different from all other labels in that group, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a common aggregate mass each label has a mass marker moiety having a mass different from that of all other mass marker moieties in that group, such that all of the mass labels in the set are distinguishable from each other by mass spectrometry, and wherein the mass marker moiety comprises an amino acid and the mass normalization moiety comprises an amino acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the fabrication of photonic biosensor arrays and applications of arrays produced by the method in the biomedical field.

Abstract: A membrane array used to detect one or more analytes from a small sample of fluid with high sensitivity is provided. The membrane array can be employed in various analytical devices and is especially useful for identifying analytes from whole blood with minimal or negligible background interference.

Abstract: A biochip substrate which is free from cross-contamination due to spot spreading or contact with spots adjacent to each other, and a biochip using the same. A biochip substrate on which multiple valleys for immobilizing biological substances are formed so as to prevent cross-contamination due to spot spreading or contact with spots adjacent to each other, and a biochip using the same are provided. Moreover, it is found out that a desired binding in a target molecule contained in a test sample occurs at a detectable level in a solution system even in the case where a valley have such a small capacity as 1 nL to 10 nL.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (4), a substrate coated with the compound, a method of producing a microarray using the compound, and a microarray produced by the method are provided.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and devices for rapidly assembling high density biomolecular arrays.

Abstract: A method for evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject is provided. In certain embodiments, the method comprises: a) obtaining a hepatocellular carcinoma protein marker profile for a sample obtained from the subject; and b) comparing the protein marker profile to a control profile.

Abstract: The present invention in one aspect relates to a method for synthesizing a bifunctional complex comprising a molecule and an identifier polynucleotide identifying at least some of the chemical entities which have participated in the synthesis of the molecule in accordance with the methods of the present invention. The invention also relates to a library of different bifunctional complexes. The library of the invention can be used e.g. for identifying drug leads. Furthermore, the present invention is based on the principle that chemical entities initially provided on a building block oligonucleotide (i.e. a building block having an oligonucleotide part which is linked to a chemical entity) can be brought into reactive proximity without the use of a template comprising a set of covalently linked codons.

Abstract: A data processing method for an estimation of compound-protein interaction using both chemical substance information, such as a chemical property of the compound, and biological information, such as sequence information of genes to rationally and efficiently screen compounds. First space representing space coordinates of a first chemical substance group and second space representing space coordinates of a second chemical substance group are defined, and the first chemical substance group is characterized by a first characteristic amount and the second chemical substance group is characterized by a second characteristic amount, and map transformation of the coordinates of the first space and the coordinates of the second space results in the solution so as to increase the correlation between the first space and the second space using a multivariable analysis technique or a machine learning method.

Abstract: Provided is a biomarker for detecting cancer, in particular prostate cancer in a male subject, the biomarker comprising at least one homeodomain containing transcription factor, such as a HOX peptide or EN-2 peptide, or a fragment thereof. The use of said biomarker in detecting and/or treating prostate cancer is provided, together with methods and kits therefor.

Abstract: The present invention provides solid supports comprising a surface bound array of dendrons and methods for using the same.

Abstract: [Task] A process of fabricating a tissue array block; a process of fabricating a tissue array sheet; a tissue array block; a tissue array chip; a system of fabricating a tissue array block; and a system of fabricating a tissue array sheet are proposed, in which the tissue array block can be fabricated even in the case of that having a small thickness, is little affected by tissue hardness and, when having been processed into a tissue array chip, does not suffer any defect in a piece of tissue or at a site of interests, enables the collection of pieces of tissue from a dispersed area, also enables the establishment of positional relationship between the inside of a tissue piece and the inside of a tissue block, and scarcely affects the utilization of the tissue block remaining after collecting the pieces of tissue. [Solving Means] A tissue block B1 is sliced to fabricate roll-shaped pieces of tissue t2. Then, the roll-shaped tissue pieces t2 are inserted into a base block B2 to give a tissue array block B3.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exchangeable, reagent pre-loaded sheets which can be temporarily applied to an electrode array on a digital microfluidic device (DMF). The substrate facilitates virtually un-limited re-use of the DMF devices avoiding cross-contamination on the electrode array itself, as well as enabling rapid exchange of pre-loaded reagents while bridging the world-to-chip interface of DMF devices. The present invention allows for the transformation of DMF into a versatile platform for lab-on-a-chip applications.

Abstract: A method for preserving a sample is described. A method for preserving a sample device such as microarrays, slides and membranes is described. The preservation is achieved by applying a coating composition to a sample or sample device, and curing the coating composition. Candidate coating materials for forming the coating compositions are described. Preferably, the coating composition is an optically clear, solidifying solution. Also described are preservation kits which provide materials and instructions for the preservation of sample devices. Calibration devices are also described.

Abstract: A microchip is provided, the microchip comprises a block constituting a reaction system, wherein said reaction system includes: a reaction region including biomolecules immobilized therein in form of a spot(s) or a strip(s); a supply flow channel connected to the reaction region for supplying a sample solution; and a recovery flow channel connected to the reaction region for recovering the sample solution which passes through at least a part of the reaction region. Thereby bonds or bindings between the biomolecules or biomacromolecules and the samples can be detected on the microchip using the slight quantity of both the sample and the biomolecules.

Abstract: A process for making a micro-array. The process comprises the step of depositing a population of microbeads on a substrate having at least one fiducial. The population being comprised of at least two sub-populations, preferably multiple sub-populations, each comprising a known active agent capable of specific binding with at least one target analyte. The said subpopulations are deposited sequentially and at discrete periods of each other. The process also comprises the step of making images of the substrate after deposition of each subpopulation. The images are then compared using the fiducial as a reference to thereby determine the location of each microbead and to identify the subpopulation, and its known active agent, based on differences between each image. Also disclosed in a system for using the microarray.

Abstract: There is described a system for multiparameter analysis of analytes. The system comprises: 1) primary supports (1) with a largest dimension (3) of 500 ?m or less suspended in use in a fluid solution; 2) each primary support (1) comprises an identification means (2) for identification thereof; 3) at least one primary analyte (12) is bound to each primary support (1); 4) a secondary analyte (12?) is suspended in use in the fluid solution; and 5) a measuring means (25) is arranged in communication with the fluid solution for monitoring interaction between the primary analyte (12) and secondary analyte (12?).

Abstract: A microfluidic chip for carrying out live cell assays and showing observable color change is provided. The microfluidic chip has at least one fluid channel and a plurality of holes punched in a first side of the chip in fluid communication with the at least one fluid channel. Gelled medium containing live cells may be applied to the holes without obstructing the at least one fluid channel. A plain disk is applied to a second side of the chip to seal the fluid channels. Liquid to be distributed to the cells in the holes may be flowed through the at least one fluid channel by spinning the chip. The gelled medium may alternatively contain a reagent to be assayed by producing an observable change upon interaction with a second reagent when the chip is spun.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, systems, and kits for detecting, quantifying and/or analyzing a fluid sample comprising molecules or particles at low concentration. In certain embodiments, the methods for detection and/or quantifying analyte molecules in a sample comprise capturing a plurality of analyte molecules on a substrate (e.g., an array comprising a plurality of reaction vessels). The substrate may then be exposed to additional reaction components such as at least one binding ligand. The substrate may additionally be exposed to a precursor labeling agent molecule, wherein the precursor labeling agent molecule, in some cases, is converted to a labeling agent molecule, which may be detected, either directly or indirectly, which determination may be related to the presence of and/or may be employed to quantify the analyte molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and related vectors and host cells for quantitative analysis of protein interactions in eukaryotic expression system. More specifically, the invention provides a yeast surface two-hybrid (YS2H) system that can express a pair of proteins, one protein (“bait”) as a fusion to a yeast cell wall protein, and the other (“prey”) in a secretory form. When two proteins interact in this system, they associate in the secretory pathway, and the prey that would otherwise be released into the media is captured on the cell surface by the bait. Expression of the bait and the prey proteins can be designed to promote a synchronized and comparable level of expression.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for parallel testing of formulations on various substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates in one aspect to a method for analysing the frequency of interaction of a target nucleotide sequence with one or more nucleotide sequences of interest (eg.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for direct characterization of microdomains and/or three-dimensional microstructure arrays bearing high densities of reactive sites using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometery (MALDI-MS) and other analytical techniques. The high site density of the arrays can provide sufficient sample of each array element and/or materials bound to each element to obtain directly using common analytical techniques such as MALDI-MS. Spatially directed synthesis of heteropolymers is done through the use of pliotolabile, electrically labile, and chemically labile protecting group(s).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for sample detection by providing one or more samples to a microfluidic device including one or more microfluidic channels; and controlling one or more droplets in the channels to increase a likelihood of association between the one or more samples and one or more probes.

Abstract: Disclosed are substrates for detecting one or more target molecules and methods for detecting molecules using surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract: The invention provides a porous biological assay substrate suitable for detecting at least one analyte in a biological sample fluid. The substrate comprises one or more capture probes able to each specifically bind one target analyte. The average concentration of the capture probes in pores with a size larger than the O50 of the substrate pore size distribution is at least equal to the average concentration of the capture probes in pores with a size smaller than the O50. The substrate thereby shows improved binding efficiency. The invention also relates to a method and device for producing the biological assay substrate, and to a method for examining analyte fluids using the substrate.

Abstract: The use of probe arrays in which probes of various biological substances such as DNA are immobilized on the surface of a solid is becoming established as an effective means for high-speed screening. Different kinds of probes, such as DNA, are immobilized on the surface of a multiple number of independently treatable fine particles, such as beads, instead of the surface of a single solid, and the resulting beads are aligned in a capillary or a cell in a designated order. The size of the area where one probe is immobilized is reduced. The bead probe array is characterized in that such small beads are aligned one by one in a designated manner using a sheet with holes, and one or a multiple number of beads are held in the holes and then transferred to a probe array holder such as a capillary.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a biochip and the forming method thereof. The disclosed biochip comprises a substrate and a divalent metal compound layer on the substrate. The method for forming a biochip comprises two major steps. The first step is providing a substrate, and the second step is forming a divalent metal compound layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for separating two or more analytes in a fluid, which method comprises: (a) binding each different analyte to a different particle in a binding zone, to produce two or more bound analytes; (b) allowing the bound analytes to move through a separating conduit to two or more separate functional conduits; wherein each different particle has, or can be controlled to have, a different buoyancy in the fluid as compared with the other particles; and wherein the separating conduit is in fluid communication with the two or more functional conduits, each functional conduit being situated at a different height from the other functional conduits; and each functional conduit containing a fluid having a different fluid density from the fluids in the other functional conduits such that each different particle when attached to an analyte has neutral buoyancy in at least one of the functional conduits, thereby allowing separation of the bound analytes by means of the neutral buoyancies of the different

Abstract: A combinatorial library includes a gelcast substrate defining a plurality of cavities in at least one surface thereof; and a plurality of gelcast test materials in the cavities, at least two of the test materials differing from the substrate in at least one compositional characteristic, the two test materials differing from each other in at least one compositional characteristic.

Abstract: Microarray devices fabricated using microfluidic reagent distribution techniques are provided. As described herein, the invention encompasses microfluidic microarray assemblies (MMA) and subassemblies and methods for their manufacture and use. In one embodiment first and second channel plates are provided which may be sealed to a test chip in consecutive steps. Each channel plate includes microfluidic channels configured in a predetermined reagent distribution pattern. For example, the first channel plate may have a radial (linear) reagent distribution pattern and the second channel plate may have a spiral (curved) reagent distribution pattern, or vice versa. In one embodiment the first channel plate is connected to the test chip and at least one first reagent is distributed on the test chip in a first predetermined reagent pattern. The first reagent is then immobilized on the test chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,4-disubstituted naphthalene scaffold compounds and other closely related scaffold compounds. The present invention also relates to combinatorial libraries of such compounds. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of identifying a protein-protein interaction antagonist. The method first involves providing a compound as described herein. Next, the compound is contacted with interacting proteins of a protein-protein interaction target complex, whereby the compound is allowed to compete with the interacting proteins. Then, the activity of the compound for inhibiting formation of the protein-protein interaction target complex is measured. Finally, the compound that inhibits formation of the protein-protein interaction target complex is identified as a protein-protein interaction antagonist. Also disclosed is a method for modulating a protein-protein interaction.