Abstract: A twisted pair cable is a twisted pair cable obtained by twisting two electric wires each of which includes a conductor portion and an insulator covering an outer periphery of the conductor portion. The insulator is made of a resin composition containing polypropylene, an antioxidant, and a copper inhibitor. The insulator has an external appearance abnormality development time exceeding 3,000 hours during a test of compatibility with PVC in contact with PVC at 100° C. The insulator has a relative dielectric constant of 2.0 to 2.5 and a dielectric dissipation factor of 1.0×10?3 or less when m electric field having a frequency of 1 GHz is applied.

Abstract: A twisted pair cable is a twisted pair cable obtained by twisting two electric wires each of which includes a conductor portion and an insulator covering an outer periphery of the conductor portion. The insulator is made of a resin composition containing polypropylene, an antioxidant, and a copper inhibitor. The insulator has an external appearance abnormality development time exceeding 3,000 hours during a test of compatibility with PVC in contact with PVC at 100° C. The insulator has a relative dielectric constant of 2.0 to 2.5 and a dielectric dissipation factor of 1.0×10?3 or less when m electric field having a frequency of 1 GHz is applied.

Abstract: A shaft seal having a ring shape adheres to an outer peripheral surface of a rotational shaft and thereby seals sealed fluid. The shaft seal partitions a gap between the rotational shaft and a housing to which the shaft seal is mounted, into a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side. The shaft seal is an injection-molded body having a generally U-shape in a sectional view about an axial direction. The shaft seal has a seal lip part that is configured to extend to the high-pressure side and slide on the rotational shaft, and an outer lip part that is disposed at an outer diametrical side relative to the seal lip part. An inclined angle of the seal lip part 2 relative to the outer peripheral surface of the rotational shaft is 5-20 degrees.

Abstract: A composition having excellent thermal conductivity and insulating properties and easy of handling includes a thermally conductive filler, a plasticizer, acrylic acid, and an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer. A heat radiation sheet manufactured from the composition is also provided.

Abstract: A flexible tube for an endoscope has a flexible tube substrate that is flexible and tubular and a resin layer (A) covering the flexible tube substrate. The resin layer (A) includes a thermoplastic resin (a) including at least one of a polyamide resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polystyrene resin, or an acrylic resin and having a tensile strength at 10% elongation of 10 MPa or more and a hindered amine compound (b) having a molecular weight of 500 or more. Also provided are an endoscopic medical device including the flexible tube for an endoscope and a resin composition suitable for forming the resin layer of the flexible tube for an endoscope.

Abstract: Provided is a power cable, and particularly, to an ultra-high-voltage power cable of 45 kV to 600 kV. Specifically, the present invention relates to a power cable which is eco-friendly and includes an insulating layer formed of an insulating material having not only high heat resistance and mechanical strength but also high flexibility, bendability, impact resistance, cold resistance, installability, workability, etc., which are in trade-off with heat resistance and mechanical strength, and of which the lifespan, flexibility and installability can be additionally improved through precise control of a thickness of the insulating layer according to characteristics of the insulating material, thereby enhancing workability.

Abstract: A medicine container which absorbs very little protein over time is manufactured using a resin composition including 50 to 99 wt % of a norbornene-based polymer, and 1 to 50 wt % of a hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, a content of a low-molecular-weight component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less in the resin composition being 3 wt % or less.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer composition including: 100 parts by mass of a hydrogenated block copolymer (a); from 10 to 50 parts by mass of a polypropylene resin (b); from 5 to 100 parts by mass of a polyphenylene ether resin (c); and from 75 to 200 parts by mass of a non-aromatic softener (d), wherein the hydrogenated block copolymer (a) contains a hydrogenated block copolymer (a-1) obtained by hydrogenation, the hydrogenated block copolymer (a-1) comprising at least one polymer block A1 including mainly a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon compound monomer unit, and at least one polymer block B1 including mainly a conjugated diene compound monomer unit, a weight-average molecular weight of the hydrogenated block copolymer (a-1) is from 100,000 to 550,000, and a content of all vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon compound monomer units in the hydrogenated block copolymer (a-1) is more than 20% by mass and 50% by mass or less.

Abstract: Provided are an ink for a PTP package, which is a counterfeit prevention ink for use in a PTP package, has excellent invisibility, can be efficiently read by a scanner having sensitivity in a near infrared region, is highly durable, and can be used for a material of a PTP package, particularly an aluminum substrate; and an ink composition for use therefor. An ink composition for a PTP package, containing vanadyl naphthalocyanine represented by Formula (I): and a resin. The resin is preferably at least one selected from a cellulose-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a polyurethane-based resin, a polyester-based resin, a polyester urethane-based resin, a polystyrene-based resin, a polyolefin-based resin, a polyacrylic resin, and a polycarbonate-based resin.

Abstract: Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass which is excellent in sound insulation property and has improved sound insulation performance not only in a coincidence region but also in a mass-dominated region. The interlayer film for laminated glass includes a sound insulating layer which is formed from a composition (A) containing at least one resin (a1) selected from a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin, wherein a tan ? obtained when a dynamic viscoelasticity of a sheet, which is obtained by molding the composition (A) to have a thickness of 0.8 mm, is measured at a frequency of 0.3 Hz in a tension mode has a maximal value at a temperature TA (° C.), TA (° C.) is in a range of ?50 to 50° C., and the tan ? at TA (° C.) is 2.5 or more.

Abstract: A separator (104) includes a porous polyetherimide membrane comprising a plurality of pores, wherein at least a portion of the pores comprise an electrolyte composition comprising an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyolefin composition comprising A. at least a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene or propylene and B. cholestanyl ferulate. The composition can be used in the production of articles such as a pipe, cap and closure, film, food contact packaging, biomedical article, health care article and pharmaceutical article.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-corrosion system comprising an at least one-layered first tape, comprising at least one elastomer selected from the group comprising (block-) co- and/or terpolymers with at least one carbon-carbon double bond, as well as at least one cross-linking agent, selected from the group comprising at least one reactive resin, wherein the anti-corrosion system furthermore comprises at least one primer, comprising at least one catalyzing agent to activate the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A composite tool for vacuum bag processing composite parts comprises a plurality of laminated composite plies, including a facesheet adapted to have a composite part placed thereon. A gas impermeable barrier layer sandwiched between the composite plies prevents air leaks through the tool.

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing a silylated polymer comprising a silylation step where a prepolymer having reactive functional groups, a first intermediate product, is reacted continuously with a silylating agent in an endcapping tubular reaction unit to form a second intermediate product, and where at least a portion of the second intermediate product is backmixed continuously with the first intermediate product to form the silylated polymer. The continuous process may further comprise a stabilization step, a quenching step or both a stabilization step and a quenching step.

Abstract: The invention provides a process to form a second composition comprising a modified ethylene-based polymer, the process comprising the step of contacting under thermal treatment conditions a first composition comprising a first ethylene-based polymer, and the following: (A) at least one carbon-carbon (C—C) free radical initiator; and (B) at least one free radical initiator other than a C—C free radical initiator of (A) (a non-C—C free radical initiator). The melt strength of the second composition is typically at least 15% or greater than the melt strength of the first composition. The second composition typically has a gel content less than or equal to 40.

Abstract: A polypropylene resin composition includes a base resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, and an inorganic filler. The base resin is a polypropylene-based mixed resin including a first resin, a second resin, a third resin, and a fourth resin. The first resin is a homopolypropylene resin. The second resin, the third resin, and the fourth resin are each a polypropylene-based block copolymer resin. A melt index of the second resin measured at a temperature of 230° C. and under a load of 2.16 kg is higher than a melt index of each of the third resin and the fourth resin measured under the same condition. A flexural modulus of the third resin measured in accordance with ASTM D790 is lower than a flexural modulus of the fourth resin measured under the same condition.

Abstract: Provided is a molded article in which the formation of depressions in a vapor deposited aluminum surface of the molded article caused by long-term exposure to high-temperature conditions is suppressed such that the vapor deposited aluminum surface has excellent external appearance that has not conventionally been achieved. A light reflective part includes a polyphenylene ether resin composition containing a polyphenylene ether (A) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide or a derivative thereof (B). The (A) component has a content of from 95 mass % to 99.95 mass % and the (B) component has a content of from 0.05 mass % to 5 mass % relative to 100 mass %, in total, of the (A) component and the (B) component.

Abstract: An insulated wire includes a conductor, and a polyimide insulation layer formed on an outer periphery of the conductor. The insulation layer includes a polyimide including a repeating unit represented by formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by formula (2). A first acid component in the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and a second acid component in the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) are mixed in a molar ratio range of 85:15 to 40:60 as expressed by a molar ratio (the first acid component:the second acid component). R as a residue of a diamine component in the formulas (1) and (2) includes a residue of 4,4?-diaminodiphenyl ether and a residue of one selected from a group of diamines represented by the formulas (3) to (8). A storage elastic modulus of the polyimide at 325° C. is not less than 50 MPa.

Abstract: A support structure (40) for a PCD element (10) comprises a support (42) into which a PCD element (10) is locatable and a sealing element (48) for location in the support structure (40) and configured to protect a non-leached portion of a PCD element (10) during a leaching process. The support (42) is formed from or coated with a polyketone based plastics material.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to phase-change materials. In accordance with an example embodiment, a phase-change material has a crystalline structure that manifests changes that increase as a function of time. For example, such changes may be implemented for monitoring the time that a perishable item has been exposed to an environment having a temperature that is greater than a threshold temperature. Based on the changes, a characterization is provided, indicative of the exposure of the phase-change material to the environment having the temperature that is greater than the threshold temperature.

Abstract: This disclosure is to provide an automobile interior component formed of a reinforced polyphenylene ether-based resin composition, which is excellent in both urethane adhesion and in appearance after molding, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, bending strength and the like, and resident molding stability; and further has sufficient molding fluidity. Provided is an automobile interior component formed of a reinforced polyphenylene ether-based resin composition, containing a polyphenylene ether (A) whereof the reduced viscosity (chloroform solvent, measured at 30° C.) in the molded product is 0.30 to 0.45 dl/g, a styrene resin (B) and a glass fiber (C), where the content of the component (A) is 10 to 30 mass %, the content of the component (B) is 40 to 85 mass %, and the content of the component (C) is 5 to 30 mass % with respect to 100 mass % in total of the components (A) to (C).

Abstract: A process for preparing PPE microspore dispersion includes steps of: dissolving a high-molecular polyphenylene ether in a first solvent at 45-110° C. to form a dissolution liquid; adding processing aids and well mixing the dissolution liquid into a dispersed phase; cooling the dissolution liquid to 42-80° C., and adding a second solvent to generate PPE microspores via PPE to wrap around the processing aids; cooling the dissolution liquid to 0-40° C. to obtain PPE microspore dispersions for use in application for impregnation processes performed below 40° C., thereby high-temperature impregnation equipment are no longer needed, and copper clad laminates made of using the PPE microspore dispersion enjoy excellent physical properties including high Tg, low Dk, low Df and high copper foil's peel strength.

Abstract: Use, as an anti-aging agent in polymer compounds, stilbene family compound of general formula (I): wherein the substitutes are selected from the following five combinations: a) R1, R3 and R5 are OH; R2, R4 and R6 are H; b) R1 and R4 are OCH3; R2 and R5 are OH; R3 and R6 are H; c) R1 and R4 are OH; R2 and R5 are OC(CH3)3; R3 and R6 are H; d) R1 and R4 are OCH3; R2 and R5 are OH; R3 and R6 are C(CH3)3; e) R1 and R4 are OC(CH3)3; R2 and R5 are OH; R3 and R6 are H.

Abstract: There is provided a (meth)acrylic resin composition containing a (meth)acrylic resin, and a compound denoted by General Formula (1) described below, a film formed by using the (meth)acrylic resin composition, and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device including the film: wherein R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X represents a divalent alicyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, the alicyclic group represented by X may have at least one substituent group selected from a halogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A material for an optical film including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; a polymer including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 10; a polymer including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 20 and a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 21; an article prepared by using the polymer; and a display device including the article:

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for additivating polymer resins with antioxidants and antiUV stabilsers. It is particularly suitable for resins used for rotomoulding applications.

Abstract: A caulk composition having a first color upon application and a second color upon formation of a skin, wherein said skin is suitable for application of a surface treatment.

Abstract: An adhesive composition includes a first part comprising about 15 to about 60 wt % of an epoxy compound, about 35 to about 80 wt % of an epoxy novolac, and about 5 to about 25 wt % of an epoxy-based reactive diluent based on the total weight of epoxy compound, epoxy novolac, and reactive diluent; and a second part comprising less than about 20 wt % of a hydroxyaromatic solvent, about 80 to about 99 wt % of a Mannich base, and about 1 to about 20 wt % of a tertiary amine, based on the total weight of hydroxyaromatic solvent, Mannich base, and tertiary amine, the first and second parts being present in a volume ratio of about 0.8:1 to about 1.2:1. Additives to further enhance the properties may be included. A method of forming an adhesive layer includes applying the adhesive composition to a surface.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the processability and surface appearance of products containing plastic recovered from waste plastic material mixtures.

Abstract: Carbon fibers made by a process using a precursor that is a CNT/PAN material blend including CNTs functionalized with a nucleophilic material; and carbon fibers made with such a process.

Abstract: The invention provides a rubber composition for golf balls which includes (A) a base rubber containing a polybutadiene having a cis-1,4 bond content of at least 60 wt %, (B) an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a metal salt thereof, and (C) a benzimidazole of general formula (1) or (2) below wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbons, and m is an integer from 1 to 4, with the proviso that if m is 2 or more, each occurrence of R may be the same or different. The golf ball rubber composition of the invention enables a high-quality molded and crosslinked product having a suitable hardness and a high resilience to be obtained.

Abstract: A two part low volatile organic compounds (VOC) content ethylene propylene diene terpolymer formulation with a solids content of at least 60 percent solids by volume of the total formulation and a volatile organic compounds content less than 450 grams per liter, wherein a first component has EPDM, a solvent, a curative, an additive, and a blend of a pigment and a filler. The second component contains solvent and a metal drier. The invention includes a method for making the coating and a cured coated substrate with the cured waterproof rubber coating disposed thereon.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for oxygen-tailoring polyethylene, particularly polyethylenes suitable for wire and cable applications. One process includes conveying a first polyethylene having a melt index ?5.0 and an MWD ?5.0 through mixing or extrusion apparatus having a feed zone, a melt-mixing zone downstream of the feed zone, and a melt zone downstream of the melt-mixing zone, wherein the temperature of the first polyethylene in the melt zone ranges from about 180° C. to about 300° C.; and contacting the first polyethylene with an amount of an oxygen-containing gas having at least about 20.0 parts by weight oxygen per million per parts by weight of the first polyethylene (ppm (wt) O2). Polyethylene compositions having improved properties, particularly for wire and cable applications are disclosed.

Abstract: A sealant capable of tightly sealing an electric device at a low temperature and a sealing method of using the sealant are provided. The sealant for sealing a device comprises a copolyamide-series resin powder having a particle diameter of not more than 1 mm. The copolyamide-series resin powder contains at least a fine particle (e.g., a copolyamide-series resin particle having an average particle diameter of 20 to 400 ?m), or may contain the fine particle in combination with a coarse particle (e.g., a copolyamide-series resin particle having an average particle diameter of 450 to 800 ?m). The copolyamide-series resin may be a crystalline resin. The copolyamide-series resin may have a melting point or softening point of 75 to 160° C. The copolyamide-series resin may be, e.g., a binary or ternary copolymer.

Abstract: This disclosure, in one or plurality of embodiments, relates to a solution of polyamide from which a cast film with low CTE and Rth can be achieved. This disclosure, viewed from one aspect, relates to a solution of polyamide comprising: an aromatic polyamide; inorganic filler; and a solvent. This disclosure, viewed from one aspect, relates to a laminated composite material, comprising a base, and a polyamide resin layer: wherein the polyamide resin layer is laminated to one surface of the base; and wherein the polyamide resin layer is obtained or obtainable by applying a polyamide solution comprising an aromatic polyamide, an inorganic filler and a solvent onto the base.

Abstract: The polyphenylene ether according to the present invention includes 5 to 20% by mass of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more and 12 to 30% by mass of a component having a molecular weight of 8,000 or less. The resin composition according to the present invention includes the polyphenylene ether (a) and a hydrogenated block copolymer (b) prepared by hydrogenating a block copolymer including at least two polymer blocks A having a vinyl aromatic compound and at least one polymer block B having a conjugated diene compound, wherein the number average molecular weight (Mnb) of the hydrogenated block copolymer is 100,000 or less, and the number average molecular weight (MnbA) of at least one polymer block of the polymer blocks A is 8,000 or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising: (a) about 0% to 99% by weight of at least one resin wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of epoxy, latex, polyurethane, polyurea, polyspartic, or alkyd resins; (b) about 1%-99% by weight of tristyrenated phenol or distyrenated phenol; and (c) optionally about 2% to 98% by weight of an additional solvent.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] The present invention has an object to provide an automotive lamp extension molding comprising a resin composition having a low specific gravity, being excellent in the balance of heat resistance and fluidity, and being excellent in gloss and brightness feeling of the surface of the molded article. [Solution] The automotive lamp extension molding according to the present invention comprises a resin composition comprising 50 to 95 mass % of a polyphenylene ether (A), and having a specific gravity in the range of 1.00 to 1.12. The reduced viscosity (measured at 30° C. using a chloroform solvent) of the (A) component is preferably 0.25 to 0.45 dl/g, and more preferably 0.25 to 0.38 dl/g.

Abstract: Pigment granules including a support material which is coated with one or more flake-form effect pigments by means of an adhesion promoter. The effect pigments may be, for example, pearlescent pigments, interference pigments, metal-effect pigments, multilayered pigments having one or more transparent, semi-transparent or opaque layers, goniochromatic pigments, holographic pigments, coated BiOCL flakes, uncoated BiOCl flakes, and LCP pigments, and mixtures thereof. A process for the production of pigment granules includes mixing one or more flake-form effect pigments, a support material, at least one adhesion promoter, and optionally one or more additives simultaneously or successively with one another. The pigment granules may be used for the pigmenting of application media, in particular paints, plasters, coatings, powder coatings, plastics, and in particular as scatter and effect granules, for example for the decoration of wallcoverings.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer blended with a polysiloxane base and optionally adjuvents.

Abstract: The polyphenylene ether according to the present invention includes 5 to 20% by mass of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 or more and 12 to 30% by mass of a component having a molecular weight of 8,000 or less. The resin composition according to the present invention includes the polyphenylene ether (a) and a hydrogenated block copolymer (b) prepared by hydrogenating a block copolymer including at least two polymer blocks A having a vinyl aromatic compound and at least one polymer block B having a conjugated diene compound, wherein the number average molecular weight (Mnb) of the hydrogenated block copolymer is 100,000 or less, and the number average molecular weight (MnbA) of at least one polymer block of the polymer blocks A is 8,000 or more.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a heat-resistant polyamide composition and application thereof. The composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% to 90% of heat-resistant polyamide resin, 5% to 35% of mineral fiber A, 0 to 35% of mineral filler B, 0.1% to I% of light stabilizer, 0.1% to 1% of flow modifier and 0.1% to 1% of antioxidant. In the present invention, heat-resistant polyamide resin with the ratio of amine-terminated group and carboxyl-terminated group between 0.1 and 0.8 is selected to be matched with deformed glass fibers with an aspect ratio of 2 to 6, the mineral filler B and the flow modifier to obtain the heat-resistant polyamide composition.

Abstract: Pigment granules comprise one or more flake-form effect pigments, polymer particles or polymer particle mixtures, adhesion promoters, antioxidants and optionally additives. A process for the preparation of pigment granules comprises mixing one or more flake-form effect pigments, one or more polymer particles, at least one adhesion promoter, at least one antioxidant and optionally one or more additives with one another simultaneously or successively. The pigment granules may be used for the pigmentation of powder coatings, plastics and for the preparation of masterbatches. The pigment granules may be employed as a mixture with plastic powders or as a mixture with plastic granules for use in masterbatch applications.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin composition having superior appearance characteristics (particularly decreased coloring and unevenness of the hue), and is accompanied by suppressed occurrence of yellowing, etc., in melt molding. An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin composition containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and a compound having an enediol structure (B), in which a molar ratio of the compound (B) to vinyl alcohol units of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) is 2.70×10?9 or greater and 2.70×10?5 or less.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition comprises, based on the total weight of the composition: 51-90 wt % polyester, 10-49 wt % ABS impact modifier; 0-20 wt % of multifunctional epoxy compound; 0-40 wt % filler; 0-2 wt % fibrillated fluoropolymer; and more than 0 to 5 wt % of a stabilizer composition. An article blow molded or injection molded from the composition has a multi-axial impact total energy from 30-100 Joules at ?30° C. and a ductility of more than 90%; a permeability of more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 g/m2-day to ASTM D 471-98 Fuel C, measured after exposure to ASTM D 471-98 Fuel C vapor for 20 weeks at 40° C.; an MVR of 1-20 cc/10 min., measured at 265° C.; a flexural modulus of greater than 1300 MPa; and retains at least 75% of its initial tensile elongation at break, after exposure to Fuel E85 for 28 days at 70° C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a formulation and method which allow for the efficient delivery of antipolymerants of low solubility into processes for the production of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and associated process streams, and which avoid the potential health and safety problems and economic disadvantages which are associated with the methods of the prior art and facilitate the safe and efficient production of these monomers. Specifically, the invention provides an antipolymerant composition for the prevention of unwanted polymerisation reactions during the production and processing of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, the composition comprising a concentrated liquid formulation, wherein said concentrated liquid formulation is a suspension concentrate which comprises: (a) at least one compound selected from the group comprising phenols, quinones, thiazines, hydroxylamines and aromatic amines; (b) at least one dispersing agent; and (c) at least one polar or non-polar liquid carrier.

Abstract: A polymer polyol (I) is provided that is formed of a polyol (A), polymer particles (B) obtained by polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound (b), and an active-hydrogen-containing compound (d) having an aromatic ring and having a number-average molecular weight of 150 to 2,000, wherein a content of (d) is 1 to 20% on the basis of a weight of (B). The polymer polyol of the present invention contains polymer particles having sufficiently small particle diameters, has a low viscosity, and has excellent handleability. A polyurethane resin obtained by using the polymer polyol of the present invention has excellent mechanical strengths such as elongation at break.

Abstract: A caulk composition having a first color upon application and a second color upon formation of a skin, wherein said skin is suitable for application of a surface treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed are coating compositions suitable for application to polymeric substrates. The coating compositions include: (a) a film-forming resin; (b) a non-volatile chemical etchant; and (c) a solubilizing agent.