Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising at least one aqueous polymer dispersion wherein the polymer has carbonyl or oxirane groups (component a)) and at least one compound with at least two NH2 groups per molecule as sealing or coating compositions, especially for substrates with a hydrophobic surface. The present invention further relates to coating compositions containing such binder formulations.

Abstract: Graft and block copolymers with a weight average molecular weight below 20,000, a hydroxy value more than 200 and acid value below 50 which copolymers comprise (a) 20-98% by weight of a water soluble macromonomer having a hydroxy value of at least 300, a weight average molecular weight below 6000, containing less than 10% by weight of an acid functional monomer and having a terminal unsaturated double bond; and (b) 2 to 80% of polymerized monomers selected from vinyl monomers, acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers and mixtures thereof, form stable coating compositions that are compatible with polyisocyanate crosslinking agents and provide improved properties and appearance in automotive finishes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a separation media based on adsorption comprising a polyvinyl ether having different or identical vinyl ether subunits, and towards an insoluble polyvinyl ether comprising free terminal valencies, side hydrogen or methyl groups, as well as plurality of hydrophillic organic groups, wherein hydrogen is replaced by organic residues having affinity to bioorganic molecules.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrodepositable coating compositions containing a polymer prepared from the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a heterocyclic ring containing at least one ring nitrogen atom bonded to a vinyl group or a mixture of monomers comprised of such a monomer, the compositions further including contaminants capable of forming defects in the electrodeposited coating surface. The polymer is present in an amount effective to abate formation of the surface defects caused by the contaminants. A method of electrocoating a conductive substrate using the electrodepositable coating compositions of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flame-retardant resin composition, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin having 70 to 100% by weight of metallocene LLDPE, 20 to 100 parts by weight of a magnesium hydroxide having a BET specific surface area of 20 m.sup.2 /g or less, an average secondary particle diameter of 5 .mu.m or less, measured according to a laser diffraction scattering method, and a water-soluble sodium salt content of 500 ppm or less as a sodium, 1 to 20 parts by weight of red phosphorus having an average secondary particle diameter of 30 .mu.m or less and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a carbon powder, the total of the magnesium hydroxide, the red phosphorus and the carbon powder being 120 parts by weight or less.

Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions are provided containing a saturated hydrocarbon amine oxide and stabilizer compositions are provided containing a saturated hydrocarbon amine oxide and a second stabilizer. The thermoplastic compositions exhibit good melt flow rate stability during processing and are useful for making molded and extruded articles. The stabilizer compositions are useful for addition to thermoplastics for the stabilization thereof. A method is also provided for stabilizing thermoplastic compositions and involves admixing a hydrocarbon amine oxide with a thermoplastic resin. The saturated hydrocarbon amine oxides are preferably trialkyl amine oxides. The thermoplastic resin is preferably a polyolefin resin.

Abstract: A composition for preventing or retarding the formation of gas hydrates or for reducing the tendency of gas hydrates to agglomerate, during the transport of a fluid comprising water and a hydrocarbon, through a conduit, comprising, (a) a polymer or copolymer selected from a terpolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam and an ammonium derivative monomer having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, selected from the group consisting of dialkyl aminoalkyl methacrylamide, dialkyl dialkenyl ammonium halide and a dialkylamino alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl caprolactam, and a homopolymer of vinyl caprolactam, and (b) an alcohol containing three to five carbon atoms and one hydroxy group.

Abstract: A rubber composition of improved hysteretic and physical properties which make it suitable for forming a tire tread, notably a tire tread of reduced rolling resistance, the rubber composition including carbon black having silica fixed to its surface as the majority portion of reinforcing filler and at least one functionalized diene polymer having at the end of its chain a silanol function or a polysiloxane block including a silanol end or a diene polymer modified along its chain by silanol functions.

Abstract: Filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder, which has a large apparent density, a small average particle size and a narrow particle size distribution and a superior powder flowability, and gives a molded product having a superior tensile strength, elongation and surface roughness, and a process for preparing the same. The granular powder is granulated by mixing, in water, of a PTFE powder and a filler in the state of slurry in the presence of a surfactant and stirring in the presence of an organic liquid forming liquid-liquid interface with water.

Abstract: This invention discloses an aqueous slurry for coating the surface of rubber slabs or pellets to reduce the tendency of the rubber slabs or pellets to stick together, said aqueous slurry being comprised of (1) from about 1 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene having a melting point of no more than about 140.degree. C. and a particle size of no more than about 40 mesh; (2) from about 0.1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of a suspending agent; (3) from about 0.05 weight percent to about 2 weight percent of a wetting agent; and (4) from about 78 weight percent to about 98 weight percent water. The present invention further reveals a coated rubber slab having resistance to sticking which is comprised of a rubber slab having a coating thereon, wherein said coating is comprised of syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene having a melting point of no more than about 140.degree. C. and a particle size of no more than about 40 mesh.

Abstract: An adhesion promoter composition containing a Zn, K, Al, Ti or Zr metal salt of an organic acid and at least one of a hydrous inorganic salt and an organic molybdenum compound. The adhesion promoter composition may be used to form an adherent rubber composition. The use of the adhesion promoter composition results in an adherent rubber composition which is stable and has a high adhesive force.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light absorbing material that resists blooming and migration is made up of a fluoropolymer and an amide functional ultraviolet light absorbing compound, wherein the polymer and the amide functional ultraviolet light absorbing compound are hydrogen bonded to one another. Polymeric films that contain a polymeric matrix and the ultraviolet light absorbing material are useful as the top layer in multilayer constructions such as retroreflective sheetings and conformable marking sheets.

Abstract: The invention relates coating and lubricating compositions comprising polyfluorfullerene and method for using same. The surface to be coated can also be the surface of granulated or powdery polymers. To make polyfluorfullerene a fullerene solution is mixed with a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, and the reaction mixture is irradiated with fluorescent light during the mixing time to form polyfluorfullerene. Also, the polyfluorfullerene can be sublimated upon the surface to be coated at about 350.degree. C., or, applied to a surface and sintered at about 400.degree. C., preferably more than 400.degree. C.Polyfluorfullerene can also be used as additive for a coating of surfaces.

Abstract: Antioxidant-containing polyolefin compositions are provided including titanium dioxide-coated mica particles having an overcoating calcined thereon to prevent yellowing of the compositions. Reduced photo-darkening and improved densification of the pigment can also be achieved.

Abstract: Polypropylene random copolymer resins and metallized, heat sealable cast films produced from such resins include (1) a polypropylene-.alpha.-olefin random copolymer such as a propylene-butene-1 or propylene-ethylene random copolymer and (2) an additive package including a synthetic amorphous silica, a hindered phenolic antioxidant, a processing stabilizer and an acid acceptor. The compositions according to the invention are useful for the preparation of metallized, heat sealable packaging films suitable for protecting goods, particularly goods requiring a long shelf life such as foods or semiconductor products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low-odor binders which can be processed without solvent and are based on aqueous styrene-acrylate polymer dispersions, having a mean film-forming temperature of below 10.degree. C.The invention also relates to low-emission coating compositions, especially emulsion paints, which comprise these binders.

Abstract: This invention provides polymers useful in coating compositions. The polymers are prepared via a free radical polymerization using ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymers of this invention possess pendant allylic groups which are capable of effecting free-radical flux when the compositions are applied to a substrate and exposed to oxygen. Coatings formed from preferred compositions possess superior solvent, print, and block resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scratch resistant polymer composition having a polymer that includes a copolyetherester elastomer, said polymer having a hardness of from 25D to 82D, and a fluorosurfactant having a nonionic organic head and a tail of the formula CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.x --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, where x is an integer from 3 to 15.

Abstract: High clarity optical and safety glass laminate interlayer films and optical laminates are described. The films and their laminates comprise very low density polyethylene and/or its copolymers, preferably polymerized with metallocene catalysts, and modified with additives, such as coupling agents, clarifying or nucleation agents, UV-light absorbers, pigment or color concentrate, and IR-light blockers.

Abstract: A composition comprising an aqueous-based solvent and a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer that is characterized by having a backbone with at least one pendant weak acid group and at least one pendant strong cationic group associated with a bicarbonate counterion is described. A water-resistant, fast dry-to-the-touch coating that does not release noxious gases can be prepared by applying the composition to a substrate. The coating can be designed to be either permanent, or removable by the addition of mild acids such as aqueous solutions of vinegar or citric acid.

Abstract: A dispersion or solution of a free radical polymer, polycondensate or polyadduct, which consist of from 0.001 to 20% by weight of aldehyde groups --CHO or keto groups --CO--, contains, as a crosslinking agent, a compound having at least two H.sub.2 N--O---groups or oxime ether groups derived therefrom.

Abstract: A method of solubilizing iodine in an aqueous medium is disclosed, which includes mixing the aqueous medium with iodine together with a polystyrene derivative having the recurring units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene group having 1-4 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 2-20. An antiseptic composition includes an aqueous medium, the above polystryene derivative, and iodine dissolved in the aqueous medium.

Abstract: This invention provides polymers useful in coating compositions. The polymers are prepared via a free radical polymerization using ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymers of this invention possess pendant allylic groups which are capable of effecting free-radical flux when the compositions are applied to a substrate and exposed to oxygen. Coatings formed from preferred compositions possess superior solvent, print, and block resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous electrocoating baths containing synthetic resins capable of deposition on the cathode. The electrocoating baths according to the invention are characterized in that they contain a homopolymer or copolymer of an alkyl vinyl ether of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--O--R wherein R represents an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 C atoms.

Abstract: Adhesives containing polyvinyl ether copolymers having a weight average molecular weight of >10,000, comprisea) from 0 to 95% by weight of vinyl ethers of the formula IH.sub.2 C.dbd.CH--O--Rb) from 5 to 100% by weight of hydrophilic vinyl ethers of the formula IIH.sub.2 C.dbd.CH--O--R.sup.1andc) from 0 to 30% by weight of further monomers,where R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl and R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical which may be substituted by hydroxyl groups or interrupted by nonadjacent groups --Y--, Y is oxygen, sulfur or a group NR.sup.2 or N.sup.+ R.sup.2 R.sup.3 X.sup.-, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and X.sup.- is a counter-anion, and the molar ratio of carbon atoms to the sum of groups Y and hydroxyl groups in the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical is from 1.01:1 to 6.5:1.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a polymeric object starting from a solution of a polymer in a solvent and comprising drawing a solvent-containing polymeric object, the solvent containing a first and a second component, the first component being more volatile than the second one and drawing being effected in the presence of the second component after removal of the first component, and a solution of a spinable polymer in a solvent containing two components, one of the components being more volatile than the other.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition with excellent adhesion and waterproof properties is prepared by copolymerizing an alkoxysilane compound, a hydrophilic monomer, and a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer at a specific ratio in an organic solvent, and then substituting the organic solvent with aqueous medium. The copolymerization reaction is stable, and the aqueous composition, which is a solution or dispersion, does not contain any substances to deteriorate the water resistance of the resulting film.

Abstract: Aqueous electrocoating baths containing synthetic resins capable of deposition on the cathode, and a process for coating electrically conducting substratesThe invention relates to aqueous electrocoating baths containing synthetic resins capable of deposition on the cathode. The electrocoating baths according to the invention are characterized in that they contain a homopolymer or copolymer of an alkyl vinyl ether of the general formula CH.sub.2 =CH--O--R wherein R represents an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 C atoms.

Abstract: An acid-functional polymer is obtained by the hydrolysis or half-ester ring opening reaction of an anhydride-functional polymer obtained by at least partially hydrogenating an unsaturated polymer which was obtained by reacting under ene reaction conditions:(i) an unsaturated anhydride having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to about 6 carbons, or alkoxy of 1 to about 6 carbons, or a halogen; and(ii) at least one polyolefin having at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the polyolefin backbone and having an average of at least three carbon atoms in the polyolefin backbone between the carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: An acid-functional polymer is obtained by the hydrolysis or half-ester ring opening reaction of an anhydride-functional polymer obtained by reacting under ene reaction conditions:(i) an unsaturated anhydride having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to about 6 carbons, or alkoxy of 1 to about 6 carbons, or a halogen; and(ii) at least one polyolefin having at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the polyolefin backbone and having an average of at least three carbon atoms in the polyolefin backbone between the carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: Antioxidant containing polyolefin compositions are provided including titanium dioxide-coated mica particles comprising a coating of silica and alumina calcined thereon to prevent yellowing of the compositions. Process for preventing the yellowing of antioxidant containing polyolefin compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for making a PTC element grafts a crystalline polymer to conductive particles to form a PTC composition. The step of grafting including solution polymerization. The PTC composition is formed into a PTC element. The PTC element is cross-linked after forming. The PTC element according to this invention exhibits superior PTC behavior when the temperature of the PTC element reaches the crystal melting point of the crystalline polymer.

Abstract: Spherical resin particles in micron order with a narrow particle diameter distribution, methods for the production thereof and uses thereof are disclosed. Overcoming various problems comprised in the hitherto-known polymerization granulation methods, resin particles using a condensation polymer in micron order of the present invention having spherical form and narrow particle diameter distribution serve well for various applications.

Abstract: Spherical resin particles in micron order with a narrow particle diameter distribution, methods for the production thereof and uses thereof are disclosed. Overcoming various problems comprised in the hitherto-known polymerization granulation methods, resin particles using a condensation polymer in micron order of the present invention having spherical form and narrow particle diameter distribution serve well for various applications.

Abstract: A fine particulate crosslinked type N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide resin having an average particle size of 10 .mu.m or less comprising backbone chains of a homopolymer or copolymer comprising repeating units (A) or (A) and (B) of the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or methyl group; X represents a group --COOY, wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a dispersion of particles in a fluid medium which contains a polymeric dispersing agent. The particles are hydrophilic particles. The fluid medium has less than 0.5% by weight electrolyte based on the weight of the fluid medium. The polymeric dispersing agent is associative in nature, comprising hydrophilic moieties capable of adsorbing onto the particles, and hydrophobic moieties capable of interaction between themselves in the dispersion, or in a coating comprising the dispersion. The polymeric dispersing agent has a molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 20,000, preferably in the range of 1,500 to 5,000, and is present in the dispersion in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 2.5 weight percent based on the weight of the particles which are dispersed.

Abstract: A coating composition prepared by adding 0 to 150 parts by weight, in terms of diorganosilane, of a hydrolyzate and/or a partial condensate of an diorganosilane (b), 2 to 300 parts by weight of a vinyl resin containing a silyl group (c), 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of a metal chelate compound (d), and an organic solvent (e), to 100 parts by weight in terms of organosilane of a hydrolyzate and/or a partial condensate of an organosilane (a), to which are added two or more mols of a type of .beta.-diketone and/or .beta.-ketoester (f) for one mol of the metal chelate compound (d).

Abstract: A fibrous composition for absorbent pads which, in addition to cellulose fibers, also contains first and second synthetic polymeric materials. At least the second polymeric material is constituted by synthetic fibers which have a higher melting point than that of the first polymeric material. The fibrous mixture is formed into the desired shape, for example, an absorbent body for disposable sanitary products, by pneumatic means. The absorbent body thus formed is then heat-treated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the first polymeric material but lower than that of the second polymeric material for a period of time so as to melt the first polymeric material and form bonding points or bridges between at least the synthetic fibers which have not melted and which constitute the second polymeric material. The absorbent body is cooled to a temperature such that the first polymeric material sets, bonding at least the synthetic fibers together so as to form a framework containing the cellulose fibers.

Abstract: A process for producing PTC (positive temperature coefficient) self-resetting overcurrent protection elements using two different crystalline polymers with an organic peroxide and carbon black. The mixture is kneaded at an elevated temperature. The two crystalline polymers include different proportions of tertiary hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms, so that the desired PTC characteristics of a highly crystallized polymer can obtain the benefit of greater proportions of tertiary hydrogen in a less highly crystallized polymer. A high degree of grafting to carbon black that increases the number of polymer having unpaired electrons in the crystalline polymer mixture through the decomposition of organic peroxide. The resulting mixture tends to disperse the carbon black uniformly throughout the resulting mixture, and to position the carbon black in a three-dimensional matrix in which it is fixed by cross-linking.

Abstract: The invention relates to graft-modified linear polyethylene with low density (<940 kg/dm.sup.3) (LLDPE), and in particular with very low density (density <915 kg/dm.sup.3) (VLDPE), grafted particularly with styrene/maleic anhydride.These polyethylenes are very good impact modifiers with a high UV resistance and a high degree of toughness and do not cause discoloration of the polyamides and polyesters modified with them. They can be prepared in a simple and economically efficient manner with a high degree of conversion.These polyethylenes are also highly suited as impact modifiers, adhesives or adhesive layers, heat-seal layers, bonding layers in composite films, compatibility enhancement agents as well as bonding promotors, or as components of such agents or layers.Graft-modified polyethylene can be prepared by converting a linear low-density polyethylene with the grafting material at at temperature higher than 110.degree. C.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising:(a) about 30 to about 95 parts by weight of a grafted linear low density polyethylene;(b) about 5 to about 70 parts by weight of a grafted (i) copolymer of ethylene and an unsaturated ester or (ii) a non-polar polyethylene having a crystallinity of no greater than about 38 percent by weight based on the weight of the non-polar polyethylene and a density of no greater than about 0.915 gram per cubic centimeter,wherein components (a) and (b) have been grafted with an unsaturated organic compound selected from the group consisting of acids, acid anhydrides, acyl halides, amides, imides, and epoxy esters, and parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight of components (a) and (b) combined; and(c) about 5 to about 50 percent by weight of an electrically conductive material in the form of particles or fibers, the percent by weight being based on the total weight of components (a) and (b).

Abstract: Known adhesive compositions for edge-padding a stack of sets of collated sheets of carbonless copy paper have not provided both good fanout and good adhesion within individual sets unless used with carbonless copy paper from the company that supplies the adhesive. This problem is here resolved by using a water-based adhesive composition that differ from those in current use simply by adjusting the amount and type of monohydric and polyhydric alcohol. Best results are attained when the polyhydric alcohol is noncrystalline sorbitol.

Abstract: Methods for treating metal surfaces including contacting the surface with a water soluble or water dispersible polymer comprising a repeat unit (a) having the structure ##STR1## or salt form of said repeat unit, wherein R and R.sub.1 are the same or different and are independently chosen from C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkylene and wherein z is an integer of from 1-3. The methods also include use of copolymers having in addition to repeat unit (a) above, a repeat unit (b) having the structure ##STR2## from wherein X is OH, NH.sub.2, or OM wherein M is a cation, the molar ration of (a.sub.1):(b) being present in said copolymer being from about 20:1 to 1:20. The methods provide chromium free rinse solutions for use in rinsing phosphate-based conversion coated metal surfaces.

Abstract: Known adhesive compositions for edge-padding a stack of sets of collated sheets of carbonless copy paper have not provided both good fanout and good adhesion within individual sets unless used with carbonless copy paper from the company that supplies the adhesive. This problem is here resolved by using a water-based adhesive composition that differs from those in current use simply by adjusting the amount and type of monohydric and polyhydric alcohol. Best results are attained when the polyhydric alcohol is noncrystalline sorbitol.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions essentially containing a copolymer ofa) from 85 to 98.5% by weight of methacrylates,b) from 0.5 to 4% by weight of arcylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,c) from 0.5 to 4% by weight of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide,d) from 0.5 to 4% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically diunsaturated or polyunsaturated compound ande) from 0 to 3% by weight of a carbonyl-containing .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compound, a process for their preparation, and their use for coating wood.

Abstract: A metal treatment solution comprising an effective amount of a soluble or dispersible compound which is a derivative of a polyphenol. Novel derivatives of polyphenol compounds useful in the treatment of the surface of metal articles is provided. Novel surface treatment solutions or dispersions, and methods for using these solutions is provided. Carbohydrate-modified polyphenol compounds are utilized in the present invention. The molecular weight of the polyphenols used in the preperation of derivatives of the present invention are in the range of about 360 to about 30,000 or greater. The resulting derivatives will typically have a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000 with molecular weight within the range of about 700 to about 70,000 being preferred.

Abstract: A metal treatment solution comprising an effective amount of a soluble or dispersible compound which is a derivative of a polyphenol. The present invention comprises novel derivatives of polyphenol compounds useful in the treatment of the surface of metal articles. The present invention also encompasses novel surface treatment solutions or dispersions, and methos of using these solutions or dispersions. The compositions of the present invention include amine oxide containing polyphenol compounds and derivatives thereof. The molecular weight of the polyphenols used in derivatives of the present invention have molecular weights of from about 360 to about 30,000 or greater. The resulting derivatives of the present invention typically have a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000 with molecular weights within the range of about 700 to about 70,000 being preferred.

Abstract: A method of producing polymer particles having a particle size distribution of .+-.25% with respect to each average particle size in an amount of 95 wt. % or more, within the average particle sizes ranging from 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: (1) adding a polymer dispersion stabilizer in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt. % to a hydrophilic organic liquid in which the polymer dispersion stabilizer is soluble; (2) adding thereto at least one vinyl monomer in an amount of not more than 50 times by weight the amount of the polymeric dispersion stabilizer, which monomer is soluble in the hydrophilic organic liquid, but a polymer synthesized from the monomer being swelled or substantially insoluble in the hydrophilic organic liquid; and (3) polymerizing the monomer under the condition that the amount of the vinyl monomer is 200 wt. % or less of the hydrophilic organic liquid.

Abstract: Gloss in surface coating compositions is increased by admixing a sol or gel containing salt with a polymer and a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased specular gloss compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

Abstract: The invention relates to graft-modified linear polyethylene with low density (<940 kg/dm.sup.3) (LLDPE), and in particular with very low density (density<915 kg/dm.sup.3), (VLDPE) grafted particularly with styrene/maleic anhydride.These polyethylenes are very good impact modifiers with a high UV resistance and a high degree of toughness and do not cause discolouration of the polyamides and polyesters modified with them. They can be prepared in a simple and economically efficient manner with a high degree of conversion.These polyethylenes are also highly suited as impact modifiers, adhesives or adhesive layers, heat-seal layers, bonding layers in composite films, compatibility enhancement agents as well as bonding promotors, or as components of such agents or layers.Graft-modified polyethylene can be prepared by converting a linear low-density polyethylene with the grafting material at a temperature higher than 110.degree. C.