Abstract: There is provided a cellulose hydrate membrane having a porous double structure which consists of micropores having a diameter in the range from >100 nm to 20 ?m and ultrapores which have a diameter of <100 nm and which are not accessible to Blue Dextran having an average molecular weight Mw of 2 000 000, wherein the fraction of the volume of the ultrapores is more than 15% of the entire pore volume accessible to water. In addition, a method for producing the membrane, its use as an adsorption membrane, and an apparatus for membrane chromatography are specified.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for the sustained release of a drug, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a biocompatible polymer having a hydrophobic group conjugated to the biocompatible polymer; and (b) contacting the biocompatible polymer to the drug for adsorbing the drug to the hydrophobic group of the biocompatible polymer, thereby obtaining a drug delivery carrier for the sustained release of the drug; wherein the drug is a protein, a peptide or a non-hydrophilic chemical drug; wherein when the drug adsorbed to the hydrophobic group of the biocompatible polymer is administered to a mammal, it shows a sustained release profile in the mammal. The drug delivery carrier according to the present disclosure having the hydrophobic group conjugated to the biocompatible polymer may be useful for adsorption of synthetic drugs having very low solubility in water.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cellulose based optical film material with the following structure: wherein R1 is —H or —C(O)R4, R4 is alkyl or aryl; R2 is —C(O)R5, R5 is alkyl or aryl; R3 comprises one of the group consisting of: phosphinate based group, phosphonate based group, phosphonamide based group, phosphate based group, phosphoramide based group, carbamate based group, carbonate based group, and ester based group. Further, this invention also discloses a method for forming the cellulose based optical film material.

Abstract: Carbohydrates having functional groups, such as carboxylic acid groups and methods of making such carbohydrates.

Abstract: A cellulose ether which has from 4,000 to 10,000 anhydroglucose repeat units and is substituted with (a) on the average from 0.0003 to 0.08 moles, per mole of anhydroglucose unit, of a substituent comprising an alkyl or arylalkyl group having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms and (b) a substituent having the formula II wherein R5, R6 and R7 each independently are —CH3 or —C2H5, R8 is —CH2—CHOH—CH2— or —CH2CH2, Az? is an anion, and z is 1, 2 or 3 is useful in hair and skin care compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymer compounds binding with lipoamide produced by the reaction of the primary amine group of lipoamide with the carboxy group of polysaccharide compounds such as chondroitin sulfates, carboxymethyl celluloses, or hyaluronic acids; functional compounds such as peptides, proteins, growth factors; or drugs; or biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The present disclosure also provides their synthesis methods, products of hydrogels and films using the same as and methods for manufacturing the products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomaterial for cell or tissue culture, based on a polymeric carrier, which contains at least one crosslinkable hydrophilic polymer. The polymer is functionalized with groups that are selected from maleimide, vinylsulfonic, acrylate, alkyl halide, azirine, pyridyl, thionitrobenzene acid groups, or arylating groups. The invention relates further to a method of production of said biomaterial, and the use of particular functionalizing groups for the production of a biomaterial for the cultivation of tissue and/or cells. The biomaterial can have biofactors that exert a particular action on cells.

Abstract: A substrate is provided having a biomolecule immobilised thereon, wherein the biomolecule is connected via an enzyme-cleavable link to a blocking moiety such that cleavage of the link causes removal of the blocking moiety and activation of the biomolecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing microfibrillar polysaccharide comprising treating a polysaccharide in an aqueous suspension comprising an oxidant and at least one transition metal, mechanically delaminating said polysaccharide such that microfibrillar polysaccharide is formed. The invention also relates to microfibrillar polysaccharide obtainable by the method.

Abstract: The present invention provides hydrogels and compositions thereof for vocal cord repair or augmentation, as well as other soft tissue repair or augmentation (e.g., bladder neck augmentation, dermal fillers, breast implants, intervertebral disks, muscle-mass). The hydrogels or compositions thereof are injected into the superficial lamina propria or phonatory epithelium to restore the phonatory mucosa of the vocal cords, thereby restoring a patient's voice. In particular, it has been discovered that hydrogels with an elastic shear modulus of approximately 25 Pa are useful in restoring the pliability of the phonatory mucosa. The invention also provides methods of preparing and using the inventive hydrogels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the preparation of hollow cellulose vessels produced by a microorganism, and hollow cellulose vessels prepared by this method. The method is characterized by the culturing of the cellulose-producing microorganisms being performed on the outer surface of a hollow carrier, and providing an oxygen containing gas on the inner side of the hollow carrier, the oxygen containing gas having an oxygen level higher than atmospheric oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing cellulose carbamate. In the method, an auxiliary agent and urea in solution form and possibly in solid form are absorbed into cellulose, and a reaction between cellulose and urea is carried out in a mixture containing cellulose, a liquid, the auxiliary agent, and urea The absorption of the auxiliary agent and urea into cellulose, and the reaction between the cellulose and the auxiliary agent at least partly are carried out in a working device. According to the invention, it is possible to manufacture cellulose carbamate without ammonia, organic solvents or other auxiliary agents, by using only a small quantity of water as a medium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing bioabsorbable oxidized cellulose comprising combining cellulose material, with nitrogen dioxide and a nonaqueous solvent chosen from the class of perfluorinated tertiary amines. This invention also relates to a method of oxidizing cellulose material comprising introducing a solvent into the vessel, circulating the solvent through the cellulose material, adding nitrogen dioxide to said vessel containing the solvent and cellulose in the required amounts, circulating the solution for 7 to 24 hours while controlling the reaction temperature, and isolating the oxidized material. Preferably, isolation of the oxidized product is followed by first washing the oxidized cellulose material with cold water, then washing the oxidized cellulose material with an aqueous alcohol solution several times, then washing the material with 100% alcohol several times, and finally drying the oxidized material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a high-quality cellulose resin film which has fewer foreign matter-related faults, and therefore is excellent for optical applications. The method for producing a cellulose resin film, includes the steps of: melting a cellulose resin fed from a hopper in an extruder; feeding the molten resin from the extruder into a die; extruding the molten resin from the die to form a sheet; and cooling and solidifying the sheet, wherein the sheet has 30 or less foreign matters of 30 ?m or larger in size per square meter and 100 or less foreign matters of 5 ?m or larger in size per square meter.

Abstract: Methods for the separation of targeted components from gun propellant formulations. In particular, the methods separate targeted components in a usable/useful form. Preferred methods are directed to the separation of nitrocellulose, nitroguanidine and/or nitroglycerine from a formulation containing one or more of these components.

Abstract: Described herein are implantable medical devices comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue. The triggerable bioadhesive property of the polymer can be triggered or activated by exposure to a stimulus. Also, the present invention pertains to methods of making an implantable medical device comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed are glucoside alkyl urethanes composed of units of the formula: A(O—CO—NH—R)3 wherein A represents a glucosyl unit of a starch hydrolysate molecule, the starch hydrolysate having a Dextrose Equivalent (D.E.) ranging from 1 to 47, (O—CO—NH—R) represents an N-alkyl aminocarbonyloxy group replacing a hydroxyl group of the glucosyl unit A, and wherein R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing from 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and s represents the number of alkyl carbamate groups per glucosyl unit which number is expressed as degree of substitution (DS) with said DS value ranging from about 0.01 to about 2.0 which are useful as surface-active agents. Also disclosed are a method for their manufacture and compositions containing one or more glucoside alkyl urethanes. The glucoside alkyl urethanes have good to excellent tensio-active properties in combination with good biodegrability and they are suitable as surfactants for use in household and industrial applications, e.g.

Abstract: An optically active dihydroxyheptenoic acid ester having an aromatic group is separated from a solution containing a mixture of optical isomers of digydroxyheptenoic acid ester by liquid chromatography with a packing material constituted of a carrier and a polysaccharide derivative carried on the carrier. The polysaccharide derivative is a polysaccharide in which the hydrogen atoms constituting the hydroxyl and amino groups are partially or all replaced by one or more kinds of groups selected from among carbamoyl groups monosubstituted with aromatic groups having specific alkyl groups and benzoyl groups having specific alkyl groups. According to the invention, optically active dihydroxyheptenoic acid esters can be separated more distinctly.

Abstract: Polysaccharides, more particularly, polysaccharide structures, especially fibers, comprising an unsubstituted polysaccharide, webs comprising such polysaccharide structures and processes for making such polysaccharide structures and/or webs are provided.

Abstract: A nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is characterized in that when 3 pbw of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 pbw of cordierite, 10 pbw of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 pbw of water, immediately followed by kneading at 20° C. and 20 rpm, a maximum torque for kneading is reached within 180 seconds from the addition. It is suitable as an admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions. The hydraulic composition to which the inventive admixture is added can be kneaded within a brief time into a uniform mass which is smoothly extrudable.

Abstract: A nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is characterized in that when 3 pbw of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 pbw of cordierite, 10 pbw of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 pbw of water, immediately followed by kneading at 20° C. and 20 rpm, a maximum torque for kneading is reached within 180 seconds from the addition. It is suitable as an admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions. The hydraulic composition to which the inventive admixture is added can be kneaded within a brief time into a uniform mass which is smoothly extrudable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a purification method of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, more particularly to a method of preparing high-purity hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate through a simple crushing process which comprises: increasing fluidity of reaction product mixture by adding fluidization solvent as a post-treatment process; and spraying it into water through a spray nozzle. As a result, formation of fine granular hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate particles prevents inter-particle coagulation during the a post-treatment process, and phthalic anhydride reactant, free phthalic acid and remaining acetic acid solvent can be removed effectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polysaccharide having functional groups, wherein said groups are aldehyde groups formed at positions C2 and/or C3 as well as at position C6 of the anhydroglucose units of the polysaccharide chain. Preferably the polysaccharide is a cellulosic fibrous material whose primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are oxidized into aldehyde groups at least in part by means of TEMPO oxidation and periodate oxidation. The invention also concerns a paper or nonwoven comprising the above polysacaride. According to the invention a relative wet strength of more than 10% can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer derived from a cellulosic, lignocellulosic, or polysaccharide material having superabsorbent properties. Methods for making the polymer and personal care absorbent products that incorporated the polymer are also provided.

Abstract: Process for the production of polysaccharide ethers, e.g. cellulose ethers, are disclosed wherein salts formed during the process, e.g., sodium nitrate or sodium acetate, are converted to their corresponding acids and bases by means of an electric current, preferably in combination with a bipolar membrane and suitable catiion and/or anion membranes. The acids and bases recovered from the process can be recycled, thereby avoiding the need to provide for disposal of salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides low-residual-solvent containing excipients with residual solvent less than <3000 ppm. Most of the excipients are required to first be modified to become more water absorbing such as by attaching a water absorbing radical, e.g., (—CH2COONa) to the carbinol groups (—CH2OH) of the excipients to form a —CH2—O—CH2COONa linkage. The linkage of the water-absorbing groups to e excipients improves the water absorbing property of the excipients, which facilitates the replacing residual solvent with water. The residual solvent can be extracted from the excipient by way of mixing with a solvent/water solution containing (1) about 75-95% (v/v) isopropanol and about 5-25% water (v/v); (2) about 65-95% acetone and about 5-35% water; and (3) about 60-85% methanol and about 15-40% water.

Abstract: A film which slowly releases solids is prepared by dissolving cellulose in a solvent such as an alkali metal salt, for example L1Cl in a polar solvent such as DMAC, dispersing the solid in the solution and gelling the solution with water to form a film.

Abstract: Filters and methods for producing filter paper or paper-like nonwoven materially consisting partially or wholly of fibrous cellulose containing material. The filters provided are characterized by high filtration capacity and are capable of absorbing and binding undesirable foreign and attendant substances in the filter medium. The cellulose containing material of the is at least partially carbamided with urea and phosphorylated with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate until a nitrogen content in the form of carbamide groups of 1 to 4% and a phosphorous content of 3 to 8% are reached.

Abstract: A multi-component synergistic absorbent composition includes at least one polysaccharide and at least one or more polysaccharide-based components or gelling proteins. This composition possesses synergistic effects in its capacity to absorb water, saline solutions and biological fluids, at normal pressure or under load, or to retain these fluids, or a combination of these properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polysaccharide having functional groups, wherein said groups are aldehyde groups formed at positions C2 and/or C3 as well as at position C6 of the anhydroglucose units of the polysaccharide chain. Preferably the polysaccharide is a cellulosic fibrous material whose primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are oxidized into aldehyde groups at least in part by means of TEMPO oxidation and periodate oxidation. The invention also concerns a paper or nonwoven comprising the above polysaccharide. According to the invention a relative wet strength of more than 10% can be achieved.

Abstract: Cellulose particles are described that have cationic groups in their interior. In one aspect, at least 10%, and preferably 50% or more, of the cationic groups are present within the particle interior. Also disclosed are particular combinations of such cellulose particles with certain water-soluble polymers that are well suited for use in the papermaking industry.

Abstract: A controlled chemical method to produce oxidized cellulose in high yields (75-95%) and different levels of oxidation (carboxyl content <25.6%, w/w), suitable for use as an immobilizing matrix or carrier for drugs, chemicals, and biological macromolecules, has been developed by reacting a cellulose material with a mixture of phosphoric acid and nitric acid and a small but adequate amounts of sodium nitrite at room temperature for a period until the desired oxidation level is obtained.

Abstract: Esterified polysaccharides and the process of making such products are disclosed. The process can be enzymatic where an enzyme is used as a catalyst for the reaction. The process can also be chemical where no enzyme is used. Novel Products are obtained through lipase-catalyzed &bgr;-lactone ring opening alcoholysis of ketene dimers and the process of making such compositions containing products.

Abstract: A method for producing derivatized microfibrillar polysaccharide, including but not limited to cellulose, derivatized by steric and/or electrostatic forces, where the electrostatic forces are provided by anionic charge or by a combination of both anionic and cationic charge, by stabilizing and/or microfibrillating a polysaccharide starting material. A method of modifying the rheological properties of a composition of matter using derivatized microfibrillar polysaccharide. Method of improving coatings, paper manufacture, and the stability of emulsions, dispersions, and foams using a derivatized microfibrillar polysaccharide. Compositions that include derivatized microfibrillar polysaccharide, including paper compositions, comestible compositions, non-comestible spreadable compositions, and emulsions, dispersion, and foams.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of preparing a cellulose carbamate solution by dissolving cellulose carbamate in sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures of <10° C., wherein an 8% to 15% cellulose carbamate solution with a sodium hydroxide concentration of 7% to 12% is prepared in a first step, and then the solution is adjusted to a sodium hydroxide concentration of <9% by diluting with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and/or water in a second step, with the provision that the weight ratio of cellulose carbamate to sodium hydroxide in both steps is >1.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing biosorbents by phosphorylation of cellulose-containing materials with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate in the presence of urea. Also disclosed are biosorbents with particular good use properties. Biosorbents of this type are used, in particular, for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Proceeding from the disadvantages of the known prior art, purification costs of resultant raw products should be lowered and the formation of unwanted soluble organic polymer phosphates as by-products should be prevented. The biosorbents should have an improved mechanical strength and very good use properties. The disclosed biosorbents contain 5-10 % phosphorus and 1-4 % nitrogen in the form of carbamide groups. The synthesis mixture is mixed with elementary sulphur before starting the reaction in order to produce biosorbents with an increased mechanical strength. The proposed procedure allows reducing the otherwise customary reaction temperatures by about 40° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharide derivatives comprising a) at least one hydrophobic and b) at least one nitrogen-containing substituent; in particular, the derivative is a cellulose ether which, as substituent a), has a trialkylsilyl and, as substituent b), an aminoalkyl group. Furthermore, it relates to a process for immobilizing biomolecules on a coated sheet-like carrier material in which the biomolecules are attached at or in the coating and the coated sheet-like carrier material comprises within or outside the coating at least one such polysaccharide derivative. Additionally, in the process for preparing the mixed cellulose ether a solution of trialkylsilylcellulose in an organic solvent is admixed with a reactive aminoalkane derivative which is insoluble or only sparingly soluble in this solvent, the reaction is carried out and the end product is isolated.

Abstract: Provided are a solid preparation which rapidly disintegrates in the oral cavity when taken together with the saliva in the oral cavity or a small amount of water, can be prepared easily and has strength enough to retain its formability upon production or during distribution; and a production process of the solid preparation. Specifically, provided are a solid preparation comprising a low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a loose bulk density of 0.40 g/ml or greater and a tapped bulk density of 0.60 g/ml or greater, and a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a production process of the solid preparation. Also provided are a solid preparation comprising a low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a volume-average particle size as measured by the dry laser diffraction method of 25 &mgr;m or less which is obtained by pulverizing a low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a loose bulk density of 0.40 g/ml or greater, a tapped bulk density of 0.

Abstract: Process for enriching the organic nitrogen content of commercial scale quantities of cellulosic materials which includes the steps of: a) placing substantially dry or unwetted cellulosic material in a pressurizable reactor; b) injecting an ammonia or ammonia-forming nitrogen solution into the reactor until the cellulosic material is approximately submerged; c) setting the temperature in the reactor to maintain a liquid temperature between about 80 and 200° C.; d) pressurizing the reactor to at least 750 psi; e) maintaining the temperature and pressure in the reactor for a period of time sufficient for the organically bound nitrogen content of the cellulosic material to exceed about 1.5%; and f) drying the cellulosic material to a moisture content sufficiently low to arrest microbial activity.

Abstract: Cellulose derivatives are formed by first crosslinking cellulose and subsequently reacting the crosslinked cellulose with a reagent capable of forming a cellulose ether or ester. Many crosslinking agents are suitable but those forming ether linkages between cellulose chains are preferred. The crosslinking, in effect, increases the D.P of the cellulose so that wood celluloses are then suitable for forming compositions that previously could only be formed very high D.P celluloses; e.g., those derived from cotton linters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer derived from a cellulosic, lignocellulosic, or polysaccharide material having superabsorbent properties. Methods for making the polymer and personal care absorbent products that incorporated the polymer are also provided.

Abstract: This invention describes improvements in or relating to the production of polysaccharide derivatives; more particularly it relates to a method of converting insoluble polysaccharides to a form in which they form part of an anhydrous system in which they may be used as chemical intermediates in the production of derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose exhibiting good granulation characteristics and tablet properties. Specifically, there is provided low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a hydroxypropoxyl content in the range of 5.0 to 16.0% by weight and an apparent average degree of polymerization in the range of 350 to 700.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel thermoplastic materials based on polysaccharide ethers which are simultaneously substituted by carboxylic acid ester groups and carbamate groups, together with mixtures of such derivatives with low molecular weight aliphatic urea derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a loose bulk density of not less than 0.40 g/mL and a tap bulk density of not less than 0.60 g/mL and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new, particularly economical process for preparing particulate water-soluble cellulose derivatives. The process involves forming a feed composition of swollen and/or dissolved cellulose derivative, and water. The feed composition is contacted with a superheated gas mixture, in a sieve-free high rotational speed gas jet impact mill, and the cellulose derivative of the feed composition is converted into a solid state form of finely particulate particles. The superheated gas mixture, with which the feed composition is contacted, is selected from: (i) a superheated gaseous mixture of steam and an inert gas; and (ii) a superheated gas mixture of steam and air. The superheated gas mixture has a steam content of 40 wt. % to 99 wt. %, based on the total weight of the superheated gas mixture.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for the recovery from a reaction mixture of cellulose carbamate produced by conversion of cellulose with excess urea in an inert organic liquid reaction carrier, wherein the reaction mixture is treated with added water under heat, then the liquid phase is separated as much as possible on a filter, the cellulose carbamate remaining on the filter is washed with water, optionally pre-dried and, if desired, dried and recovered, and the organic reaction carrier is recovered by phase separation from the combined liquids.

Abstract: The invention discloses a starch graft poly(meth)acrylate blast media which is effective in paint removal. The media is superior to a physical blend of the components (i.e., starch and acrylic polymers) and to either a starch polymer or an acrylic polymer used singly. The hardness of the media is between 65-90 Shore D.

Abstract: Cationized hydroxyalkylcelluloses, which are highly compatible with surfactants, are represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom or a group represented by the formula CH2CH2OCH2CH (OH) CH2N+(CH3)Cl−, etc.; and “n” is a number of from 50 to 2,000; which have a mobility distribution (&Dgr;U) determined by electrophoresis ranging from 0.1×105 to 2.0×105 cm2/sec·V.

Abstract: Cationized hydroxyalkylcelluloses, which are highly compatible with surfactants, are represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom or a group represented by the formula CH2CH2OCH2CH (OH) CH2N+(CH3)Cl−, etc.; and “n” is a number of from 50 to 2,000; which have a mobility distribution (&Dgr;U) determined by electrophoresis ranging from 0.1×105 10−5 to 2.0×105 10−5 cm2sec·V.