Abstract: An improved chemical process is provided for the disposal of scrap nitroculose. The process involves the use of organic sulfhydryl-containing compounds to effect the nitrogen release from the nitrocellulose polymer. The nitrogen released by the application of this procedure is in the form of inorganic nitrite ions. The process is in effect a nucleophilic attack on the nitrocellulose, and is accompanied by cleavage or breakage of the cellulose chain.

Abstract: An adjustable accumulated thermal exposure indicator device, and method of use, for affixing to and indicating deterioration of perishable goods and the like, comprising (1) a reactant yielding material that reacts via one or more steps at a rate depending on time, temperature, and pH to provide an amine and (2) an indicator that reacts at a time, temperature, concentration and pH dependent rate with the amine to produce a visible reaction that is indicative of the expiration of a predetermined time-temperature history related to the useful life of the goods to which the device is affixed. Also provided is a device or article that is responsive to accumulated thermal exposure for the controlled release of immobilized alcohols and amines.

Abstract: A polymeric compound comprising crosslinked cellulose aminomethanate wherein 0.5 to 30 numerical percent of the cellulose hydroxy groups have been substituted with aminomethanate groups, each of the crosslinks being formed by a crosslinking agent reacted to connect at least two of the cellulose hydroxy groups, at least two of the aminomethanate groups or at least one each of the hydroxy groups and aminomethanate groups.

Abstract: An adsorbent for .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin and immunoglobulin L-chain suitable for use in an extracorporeal circulation treatment, which comprises a porous water-insoluble carrier and a compound immobilized onto said carrier, said compound satisfying that the value of log P, in which P is a partition coefficient in an octanol-water system, is not less than 2.5. The adsorbent is inexpensive, and efficiently adsorb and remove .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin and immunoglobulin L-chain contained in a body fluid.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CHO, ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formulas, n is 1-3; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group when n is 1, R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 is one of the groups when n is 2, or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are not present when n is 3; R.sup.13 is an alkyl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an aralkyl group; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are individually a hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.16, R.sup.17, and R.sup.

Abstract: Heavy metals can be fixed to solid carriers to which an .alpha.-amino- or an .alpha.-iminohydroxamate ligand has been covalently bound. The ligand can have the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent H or an alkyl, or may be a compound of two or more hydroxamate substituents. The carrier can be formed of polysaccharides, polygalactanes, polyacrylates or silica dioxide. The adsorbent is prepared by an .alpha.-aminohydroxamate in an aqueous solution having a pH value of 4-9 being brought into contact with an aldehyde derivative of a carrier, followed by reduction with sodiumborohydride or sodiumcyanoborohydride.

Abstract: A process for preparing an amino deoxy derivative of a polysaccharide. The process comprises oxidizing the polysaccharide with dimethyl sulfoxide in combination with acetic anhydride or acetic anhydride with paraformaldehyde in a first step. The product from the first step is subjected to reductive amination.

Abstract: Novel chemically modified anionic polysaccharides which contain acid radicals of the formula ##STR1## attached to the polysaccharide component, wherein R.sub.1.sup..crclbar. is carboxyalkyl or dicarboxyalkyl containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or is carboxyphenyl or ketocarboxymethyl, and Q.sub.1.sup..sym. is a water-soluble cation, are obtained by reacting the polysaccharides with compounds that contain N-methylolamide groups, in particular with novel compounds of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1.sup..crclbar. and Q.sub.1.sup..sym. have the given meanings, and are used for purifying effluents and, in particular, for the separation by chromatography of mixtures of substances which contain amphoteric or cationic components.

Abstract: The bioavailability of polysaccharide components of lignocellulosic materials can be increased substantially by treatment with ammonia in a supercritical or near-supercritical fluid state.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a cyclic process for producing an alkali aqueous solution of cellulose carbamate, for precipitating the cellulose carbamate from the alkali solution and for recovering and recycling the remaining chemicals. The process comprises the following steps: (a) an alkali solution of cellulose carbamate is prepared by dissolving cellulose carbamate in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, (b) the solution obtained in step (a) is contacted with a precipitation aqueous solution containing sodium carbonate, whereby the cellulose carbamate is precipitated and can be removed, (c) from the solution in step (b) sodium carbonate is crystallized and is returned to the precipitant solution in step (b), and (d) mother liquor containing sodium hydroxide, obtained, i.e. remaining from, step (c), is returned to step (a) for dissolving cellulose carbamate. The crystallizing in step (c) is accomplished in two or several steps by cooling.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a cyclic process for producing an alkali solution of cellulose carbamate, for precipitating the cellulose carbamate from the alkali solution and for recovering and recycling the chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention concerns improving the properties of cellulose carbamate fibres. The wet strength properties in particular can be improved by treating the fibres with alkalis or organic bases, aiming to reduce the number of carbamate groups. The procedure may also be applied in the manufacturing of regenerated cellulose fibres.

Abstract: Ionically modified cellulose material in which the ionic moiety is linked to the cellulose moiety via the carbonyl group of the bridge member --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --O-- is suitable for being employed as the stationary phase in processes for separating mixtures of ionically charged components by chromatography, if the ionically modified cellulose material is obtainable from microcrystalline wood cellulose in the form of powder, as the starting material, the cellulose having a degree of polymerization of 490 to 550, and the cellulose powder consisting of particles having a specific BET surface area of 0.8 to 1.1 m.sup.2 /g and a degree of swelling in water at 20.degree. C. of 4 to 6 ml/g.

Abstract: A water soluble salt is formed between an alkaloid and a polymeric acid and contains at least 40% by weight of the alkaloid. The alkaloid is generally nicotine and the polymeric acid is generally a polysaccharide that has been modified by carboxyalkyation or reaction with a polybasic acid. The resultant salt can be formed as a film, a particulate solid or as an aqueous solution and the solution can be used for printing.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a procedure for manufacturing cellulose carbamate by reacting isocyanic acid and cellulose at elevated temperature. In the procedure, cellulose, to which biuret or a mixture of biuret and urea has been admixed or absorbed, is heated at a temperature over 170.degree. C. for a sufficient time to produce a quantity of isocyanic acid sufficient for formation of the cellulose carbamate and for accomplishing the reaction between cellulose and isocyanic acid. The heating is accomplished at 170.degree.-250.degree. C., preferably at about 220.degree. C. The biuret quantity is 3-50% by weight of the cellulose weight and the urea quantity is 0-95% by weight of the cellulose weight.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated cellulose esters are provided. These ethylenically unsaturated cellulose esters are the reaction product of a cellulose ester having unreacted hydroxyl groups and a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound having an isocyanato group reactive with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose ester. The product is substantially free of unreacted isocyanate groups and is particularly useful in protective coatings.

Abstract: A regenerative catalyst composition is provided comprising polymer supported covalently bound di- or triphenylated cation radical salts, wherein the cation radical is a Group VA element and the complementing anion is a Lewis acid anion or other anion, such as perhalo acid or acid metal halide. The phenylated cation radical salts, either polymer supported or unsupported, are useful catalytic agents facilitating the versatile Diels-Alder organic synthetic reactions to form cyclohexene compounds including the more intricate terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and prostaglandinoids.

Abstract: A process for preparing n-amino-n-deoxy cellulose where n is 2 or 3 and has the same value at each occurrence in one molecule. When n is 2 cellulose is selectively oxidized by (a) reacting it with triphenylmethyl chloride; then (b) reacting the product from (a) with acetic anhydride and dimethylsulfoxide. The product from (b) is then subjected to reductive amination. When n is 3 cellulose is reacted with dimethylsulfoxide and paraformaldehyde. The product from (a) is then reacted with acetic anhydride and dimethylsulfoxide and the product from (b) then subjected to reductive amination.

Abstract: The production of cellulose carbamate fibers or films by reacting cellulose with urea to form cellulose carbamate which is dissolved in alkaline solution to form a spinning solution which is spun through an acid precipitation bath is improved by subjecting the cellulose carbamate prior to dissolution in alkaline solution to irradiation of about 0.05-10 Mrad. After dissolution in alkaline solution the same may be subjected to further mild irradiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to cellulose carbamate solutions having improved capacity for fiber spinning or film formation therefrom. The addition of urea to the aqueous alkali in which the cellulose carbamate is dissolved results in an increase in the amount of cellulose carbamate that can be dissolved and a decrease in the viscosity and clogging number of the solution as compared to such solutions without urea.

Abstract: An endotoxin binding material affixed to a support is disclosed. One embodiment is a matrix material capable of binding endotoxins and comprising a polar, water-insoluble, high molecular weight polymer support to which is attached groups which adsorb endotoxin molecules. The groups comprise bifunctional aliphatic molecules, one end of which is bound to the support, the other end of which is bound to an aryl molecule. The invention has utility in the removal of endotoxins from biological fluids and other solutions and for concentrating endotoxins so that they may be subsequently detected and quantified.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for producing cellulose carbamate from cellulose and urea. To avoid alkali treatment of the cellulose used as starting material with a view to decreasing the degree of polymerization of the cellulose, the cellulose in web form is exposed to a radiation dose of preferably 0.5 to 10 Mrad from a radiation source, whereafter the cellulose is reacted with urea at elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for precipitating cellulose carbamate from an aqueous alkali solution. The solution is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid containing one or several cations selected from the group consisting of Na, Al, Mg, Zn and Ca cations, whereby in the precipitation of cellulose carbamate the advantage is gained that the dry matter content of the fibre can be made high enough.

Abstract: Polymeric polydonor complexons having more than six sites in a structural unit are described. The complexons are of the formulae: ##STR1## wherein P is a linear or three-dimensional polymeric skeleton, x is oxygen or an ##STR2## group wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group. The described complexons are obtained by reaction of a polymeric compound of the formula P --XH wherein P and X are as defined above with a dianhydride of the corresponding complexon in the presence of a tertiary amine and, optionally, an inert solvent.

Abstract: An alkali-soluble cellulose derivative is produced by treating cellulose with liquid ammonia having urea dissolved therein, removing the ammonia, resulting in cellulose having urea distributed therethrough, and heating the thus obtained cellulose-urea to cause reaction between the urea and cellulose and form alkali-soluble cellulose carbamate. This cellulose carbamate can be precipitated from alkaline solution in the form of cellulose carbamate film or fiber.

Abstract: A synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to endorphin mRNA and a method of using it to detect and isolate endorphin mRNA and cDNA from human and rabbit pancreas. A unique 15 base oligodeoxynucleotide dCATGAACCCGCCGTA wherein T represents thymine, G represents guanine, A represents adenine, and C represents cytosine and where at least 13 of the 15 nucleotides are as indicated (one of those indicated may be instead one of the other three mentioned nucleotides) has been found to be complementary to endorphin mRNA. To isolate endorphin mRNA, total RNA is first extracted from human brain and A+ is isolated from the total RNA. Other tissues may be used. The A+ RNA is then treated with the oligodeoxynucleotide, and the resulting hybridized RNA is enzymatically converted to endorphin mRNA:cDNA which can then be purified and used in a conventional manner to produce endorphin by cloning techniques.

Abstract: Waste paper is shredded and reacted with nitric acid to produce nitrated cellulose in which the inorganic nitrate ion is organically bound to the cellulosic waste paper. The resultant product is neutralized to enhance its stability and is suitable for use as a nitrogen fertilizer and soil conditioner. When phosphoric acid is added prior to neutralization with potassium hydroxide a complete N-P-K fertilizer results.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.

Abstract: A novel protein adsorbent having a group of the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, amino, lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl as a ligand, is useful for the purification of urokinase by hydrophobic chromatography, particularly for the removal of the kinds of pyrogen that can only be removed with great difficulty by affinity chromatography on the ordinal adsorbent of urokinase.

Abstract: Improved cell culture microcarriers, and methods for their production and use, are disclosed herein. These improved microcarriers have positive charge capacities adjusted and/or controlled within a range suitable for good cell growth. One method for producing such improved microcarriers is by treating beads formed from polymers containing pendant hydroxy groups, such as dextran beads, with an aqueous solution of an alkaline material and a chloro- or bromo-substituted tertiary amine under precisely controlled conditions to produce the desired exchange capacity. The resultant positively charged microcarriers have been used in microcarrier cultures to produce outstanding growth of anchorage-dependent cells. Such cells can be harvested, or used for the production of viruses, vaccines, hormones, interferon or other cellular growth by-products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chloral derivative having the general formula ##STR1## in which Y' is a polysaccharide consisting of a chain of anhydroglucose, modified anhydroglucose or uronic acid units as substituent group and in which R is selected from --H, --COCH.sub.2 OH, --[(CH.sub.2).sub.n 0].sub..chi. --H in which n is 2 to 5 and .chi. is 1 to 7; --CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.2 X' or --CH.sub.2 COOX' in which X' is NH.sub.4 or a single equivalent of a non-toxic metallic cation, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n H where n is 1 to 7, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n (OH).sub..chi. Y where Y is --H or --CH.sub.3 n is 1 to 7, .chi. is 1 to 12 and the --OH groups are attached to any or all of the carbon atoms by substitution and wherein when Y.sup.1 is a chain of unmodified anhydroglucose units, these units have the following configurations:.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage and/or.beta.

Abstract: A water-insoluble immunological reagent being formed from discrete particles of a latex carrier to which a water-soluble polyhydroxy compound is covalently bound having condensed thereto through a covalent link an immunologically active material; process for the manufacture of said reagent; a kit containing said reagent and the use of said reagent in immunological determinations.

Abstract: There are disclosed new polypeptide compositions having the following amino acid sequence as the active site:TYR-ASN-ILE-GLN-LYSThis polypeptide has the capability of inducing the differentiation of both T-precursor cells as measured by the acquisition of the thymic differentiation antigens TL and THY-1 (.theta.), as well as B-precursor cells as measured by the acquisition of receptors for complement, a distinctive marker of B cells. The peptide is thus useful in thymic function and immunity areas such as in treatment for a congenital absence of thymus. The peptide is active in very low concentrations. Also provided are derivatives of the pentapeptide, novel intermediate polypeptides, methods of manufacture of the peptides, therapeutic compositions, and methods for use of the compositions.

Abstract: There are disclosed polypeptide compositions having the following amino acid sequence as the active site:ARG-LYS-ASP-VAL-TYRThese polypeptides have the capability of inducing the differentiation of T-lymphocytes but not of complement receptor (CR.sup.+) B-lymphocytes and thus are useful in a number of therapeutic areas. Also provided are derivatives of the pentapeptide, novel intermediate polypeptides, methods of manufacture of the peptides, therapeutic compositions, and methods for use of the compositions.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants, fine granular oxidated silicon compounds and an alkali metal hydroxide are mixed, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants, fine granular oxidated silicon compounds and an alkali metal hydroxide are mixed, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product.

Abstract: Certain polyhydroxy-alkyl-3,5-disubstituted-2,4,6-triiodocarbanilates are useful as x-ray contrast agents. Representative of this class of compounds is the compound 1-[N-(2,4,6-triiodo-3-N,N-dimethylcarbamyl-5-N-methylcarbamyl)carbanilyl]- L-sorbose.

Abstract: A cellulosic ion-exchange fiber having a functional group represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2 and M is a hydrogen atom, alkali metal or ammonium residue, is produced by dipping a cellulosic fiber in an aqueous solution containing an intermediate of the formula, ##STR2## wherein n and M are as defined above; and X is halogen, in the presence of an alkali and applying heat treatment, thereby introducing the above-mentioned functional group.

Abstract: A process for bonding a ligand to a carrier through the use of a pyrimidine derivative of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, loweralkylthio, loweracylamino, nitro, cyano, carboxamido, loweralkylsulphonyl, loweralkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, trifluoromethyl or chloromethyl, the ligand or the carrier containing at least one functional group that reacts with the pyramidine derivative.

Abstract: Polymers, such as ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose, containing amine groups or salts thereof or quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The polymers can be processed easily and display other interesting chemical properties such as having the particular chemical properties of the functional groups they contain. These polymers are prepared, generally by reacting a hydroxyl-containing polymer with a reactive compound which contains an available amine group.

Abstract: A novel process for the purification of industrial effluents, wherein the effluents are brought into contact with cationically modified, cellulose-containing materials, the cationic constituent of which is bonded to the cellulose part via the grouping of the general formula--O--CH.sub.2 --N<in which the nitrogen belongs to an amide group of the cationic constituent and the oxygen is bonded to the cellulose part, and the cationically modified, cellulose-containing materials possessing such a constituent, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for bonding a ligand to a carrier through the use of a pyrimidine derivative of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, loweralkylthio, loweracylamino, nitro, cyano, carboxamido, loweralkylsulphonyl, loweralkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, trifluoromethyl or chloromethyl,The ligand or the carrier containing at least one functional group that reacts with the pyrimidine derivative.

Abstract: A cellulosic absorption material for the removal of heavy metal ions from fluids, which material contains at least one chelate-forming amino acid group which is bonded through the group of the formula ##STR1## to the cellulose portion wherein the carbonyl group is linked to the chelate-forming radical and the oxygen is linked to the cellulose portion.

Abstract: Covers aminated cellulose derivatives prepared by the reductive amination of a hydroxyalkyl cellulose.

Abstract: A shaped article, especially a tube-shaped article, including a chemically modified cellulose hydrate and water which comprises:(a) a chemically modified cellulose hydrate which comprises a reaction product obtainable by reacting a cellulose derivative selected from the group consisting of a cellulose hydrate, a chemical reaction product of a cellulose hydrate with an alkylamido-bis-dimethylene-triazinone-tetramethylol, a chemical reaction product of a cellulose hydrate with an alkylamino-bis-dimethylene-triazinone-tetramethylol and mixtures thereof, with a synthetic polymer containing recurring oxyalkylene units and at least one terminal group having the formula --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 -OH and(b) water,Is disclosed. Such articles can be prepared by treating a shaped article wherein the cellulose derivative is in the gel state with a solution of the synthetic polymer prior to drying the article under heating. Tube-shaped articles are particularly suited as sausage casings.

Abstract: Hollow cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is n-octanol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and n-hexanol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers are hollow as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: Dialdehyde cellulose is produced by reacting cellulose in aqueous medium with meta periodate ion used in a molar ratio of from 1.2 to 12 moles of meta periodate ion per mole of cellulose at a temperature of from 36.degree. to 60.degree. C. and a pH of between 2 and the conversion pH of water soluble meta periodate to water insoluble para periodate, and separating the dialdehyde cellulose product from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Shaped cellulosic fibers are produced by nitrosating and dissolving a cellulosic material in an aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of a dialkylacylamide and dimethylsulfoxide and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by contacting the cellulose solution with a regenerant. The regenerant is butanol, pentanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is a dialkylacylamide and propanol, butanol or benzyl alcohol where the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide. The fibers have a generally crenulated shape as regenerated and require no special spinnerette designs nor special spinning conditions.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulosic articles are produced by nitrosating and dissolving cellulose in a dialkylacylamide solvent, such as dimethylformamide, and regenerating the dissolved cellulose by passing into a coagulant bath. The coagulant comprises water or a 1 to 4 carbon atom aliphatic monohydric alcohol and a soluble reactive base, the latter in an amount ranging from 6% to 25% by weight of the regenerant. The process produces regenerated cellulose products of improved resistance to alkaline solubility.

Abstract: The composition proposed in the present invention is a cellulose gel consisting of no less than 13 wt.% of hemicelluloses in an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of carbamide, thiocarbamide, alkyl-substituted thiocarbamide derivatives, sodium thiocyanate, sodium iodide, sodium perchlorate and mixture thereof.According to the invention, said composition is subjected to beating in an aqueous solution of said compound to a beating degree of 0-1 units by the Canadian standard.The present invention allows the elimination of neutralization and washing from the technological process of producing paper or non-woven material thus reducing considerably the duration of the technological cycle. The ultimate breaking strength for the end product is increased by 30% and the bursting strength of 20-30%.