Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel chiral derivative of Garcinia acid bearing lactone ring moiety of formula I, 1

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of optically pure (S)-beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone through the hydrogenation of substituted carboxylic acid derivatives. A solution containing 1 to 50% by weight of a substituted carboxylic acid derivative is fed at a WHSV of 0.1 to 10 h−1, to a fixed bed reactor which is filled with a catalyst and maintained at a reaction temperature of 50 to 550° C. under a halogen partial pressure of 15 to 5,500 psig. The catalyst is composed of a noble metal as a catalytically effective ingredient which is impregnated in an inorganic oxide as a support. The molar ratio of the hydrogen to the substituted carboxylic acid derivative is maintained at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 10:1. The process can produce optically pure (S)-beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone with higher purities at higher yields than can conventional techniques. In addition to being relatively simple and environmentally friendly, the process is so economically favorable as to apply to industrial production.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of enantiomer-enriched aminofuranones and hydroxyfuranones in which an enantiomer-enriched cyanohydrin is acylated by an acylating agent, then cyclized at 40 to 90° C. in the presence of zinc or a zinc compound to the corresponding enantiomer-enriched aminofuranone, which is converted where appropriate by acid hydrolysis into the corresponding enantiomer-enriched hydroxyfuranone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel derivatives of Andrographolide, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates. The novel derivatives of Andrographolide have the general formula (I) The andrographolide derivatives represented by general formula (I) are useful for treating cancer, HSV, HIV, psoriasis, restonosis, atherosclerosis, other cardiovascular disorders, and can be used as antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulating agents and for treatment of other metabolic disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are multibinding compounds which inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. The multibinding compounds of this invention containing from 2 to 10 ligands covalently attached to one or more linkers. Each ligand is a moiety capable of binding to COX-2. The multibinding compounds of this invention are useful in the treatment inflammation, pain, fever and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of optically pure (S)-beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone through the hydrogenation of substituted carboxylic acid derivatives. A solution containing 1 to 50% by weight of a substituted carboxylic acid derivative is fed at a WHSV of 0.1 to 10 h−1, to a fixed bed reactor which is filled with a catalyst and maintained at a reaction temperature of 50 to 550° C. under a halogen partial pressure of 15 to 5,500 psig. The catalyst is composed of a noble metal as a catalytically effective ingredient which is impregnated in an inorganic oxide as a support. The molar ratio of the hydrogen to the substituted carboxylic acid derivative is maintained at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 10:1. The process can produce optically pure (S)-beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone with higher purities at higher yields than can conventional techniques. In addition to being relatively simple and environmentally friendly, the process is so economically favorable as to apply to industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel derivatives of Andrographolide, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for effectively converting the chirality of 4- or 5-position carbon of a 1,4-lactone- or 1,5-lactone sugar compound which comprises reacting the lactone compound with secondary amine and sulfonyl group-containing compound. The compound of which chirality is converted according to the present invention can be advantageously used for preparing such expensive rare sugar compounds as L-ribose, D-talose, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel anticancer agents, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates. The present invention more particularly relates to novel derivatives of andrographolide, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates. The novel derivatives of andrographolide have the general formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing compounds of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing &bgr;-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone or &bgr;-methyl-&bgr;-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, which entails a) cyanating glycidol or 2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropanol, b) hydrolyzing the product of step a), and c) lactonizing the product of step b).

Abstract: The invention includes inter alia new methods for preparation of the pharmaceutically active compound 2-(4-fluorophenoxymethyl)-5-(4-N-hydroxyureidyl-1-butynyl)-tetrahydrofuran and precursors thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein R is C1-C6 alkyl, 3 to 6-membered cycloalkyl, aralkyl, 2-alkenyl, acyl, &agr;-hydroxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or alkoxycarbonyl, which is characterized in treating 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone with a metal salt of hexamethyldisilazane and then, reacting it with an electrophilic reagent, optionally in the presence of a reaction promoter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds of the formula (I) in which X represents alkyl, Y represents halogen or alkyl and Z represents halogen or alkyl, with the proviso that one of the radicals Y and Z always represents halogen and the other alkyl, Het represents one of the groups in which A, B, D and G have the meanings given in the description, a plurality of processes for their preparation and their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to a process which enables preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing &agr;-(1,4) linked oligosaccharide with adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidation, esterification and cyclization sequentially under a specific condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for preparing compounds of the formula (IV) or (I): from the racemic alkoxyfuranone of the formula (II): R1 and R2 being as defined in the description, to the novel compounds of the formula (IV) as well as to the intermediate compounds of this process, and to the use of the compounds of the formula (IV) or (I) in the process for the synthesis of compounds which inhibit interleukin-1beta converting enzyme.

Abstract: Kodaistatins A and B, compounds of the molecular formula C.sub.35 H.sub.34 O.sub.11, and Kodaistatins C and D, compounds of the molecular formula C.sub.35 H.sub.34 O.sub.12, have antidiabetic activity.

Abstract: Novel nonpeptide endothelin antagonists with ether-linked groups are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical compositions of the same, which are useful in treating atherosclerosis, restenosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, mild or severe congestive heart failure, cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, embolic stroke, cerebral vasospasm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke, diabetes, gastric ulceration and mucosal damage, ischemnic bowel disease, Chrohn's disease, essential or malignant hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension after bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, male penile erectile dysfunction, cancer, especially malignant hemangicendothelioma or prostate cancer, myocardial infarction or ischemia, acute or chronic renal failure, renal ischemia, radiocontrast-induced nepbrotoxicity, endotoxic, septic, hemorrhagic shock, angina, preeclampsia, asthma, arhythmias, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and elevated lev

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral ferrocenyls of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.a is --P(R.sub.10 R.sub.11) or --SR.sub.12 ;R.sub.b is --P(R'.sub.10 R'.sub.11), --SR'.sub.12, --CH.dbd.NR.sub.12, --CH.sub.2 --NH--R.sub.12 or --CH.sub.2 --O--P(R.sub.10 R.sub.11); and the other substituents are as defined in claim 1,which may be used as ligands for transition metal catalysts in enantioselective reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the isolation of Hibiscus acid or (+)hydroxycitric acid lactone (2S,3R-dihydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid lactone) from the leaves of Hibiscus furcatus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Hibiscus cannabinus. Garcinia acid, one of the optical isomers of hydroxycitric acid is a potentially interesting molecule and found extensive application in the pharmacological as well as synthetic fronts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to a process that enables preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone economically in large quantities, by:(a) Preparing .alpha.-(1,4) linked oligosaccharide with adequate sugar distribution by reacting amylopectin which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and(b) Performing oxidation, esterification and cyclization sequentially under a specific condition.

Abstract: Compositions comprising hydroxy-substituted monolactones, a process for reacting olefinic compounds with certain carboxylic reactants and products prepared by the process. The compositions containing the hydroxy-substituted lactones and the products of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which Het represents one of the groups ##STR2## in which A, B, D, G, X and Z are each as defined in the description, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: This invention relates to ketones represented by the following formula ##STR1## and to drugs in which such a ketone or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof is an effective component.The ketones of the present invention encourage the production of platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells and the like, and can be used to prevent or treat cytopaenia brought about by cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and drug therapy, or by immunological abnormality or anaemia, and the like.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel compound of Formula I useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases. ##STR1## The invention also encompasses certain pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases comprising compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: An optical resolution method of (.+-.)-3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid, by reacting (.+-.)-3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid with an optically active primary amine or secondary amine. Also a method for producing optically active 3-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone, by reacting (.+-.)-3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid with an optically active primary amine or secondary amine for optical resolution, and ring closing the resulting optically active 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Abstract: An antifouling composition that comprises an effective amount of a furanone of the structure shown and a suitable carrier therefor. In the figure, substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an ether group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an ester group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkene containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together may comprise an unsubstituted or a halogenated alkene containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen or halogen atom, and a suitable carrier therefor.

Abstract: Substantially pure preparations of phosphosesquiterpenes are described. The compounds inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase activity and are useful for the treatment of cancer. Methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase activity are also described.

Abstract: Compositions comprising hydroxy-substituted monolactones, a process for reacting olefinic compounds with certain carboxylic reactants and products prepared by the process. The compositions containing the hydroxy-substituted lactones and the products of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process for the preparation of a compound of formula I wherein R and R.sup.1 are each independently alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 is alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A vitamin D.sub.3 derivative represented by the following formula: wherein, R is, independently, a hydrogen atom, tri(C.sub.1 to C.sub.7 hydrocarbon)silyl group, C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 acyl group, or group forming an acetal bond together with an oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group, A is ##STR1## where, R.sup.1 is a methyl group or methylene group, and when R.sup.1 is a methylene group, the bond between the R.sup.1 and the 3-position of the lactone ring is a double bond, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl group, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together indicate a substitutable single methylene group.

Abstract: This invention comprises novel substituted tetronic acid type compounds, 2, 4(3H, 5H)-furandiones, that are useful for the inhibition of the HIV protease enzyme. The compounds may be useful for the treatment of a person with AIDS or AIDS related diseases. The compounds may be used in the attempt to retard the further replication of any retrovirus containing the aspartyl protease enzyme. Compounds are represented by the formula below.

Abstract: The compound 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranos-1-ulose-3,5-dibenzoate is described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of bis-tetrahydrofranyl Annonaceous acetogenins, including the natural products and analogs thereof, is provided which proceeds by the Pd-mediated coupling of a bis-tetrahydrofuranyl-subunit comprising a terminal alkyne, with a (C4)-hydroxybutenolide subunit comprising a terminal vinyl iodide, followed by selective reduction of the resulting enyne.

Abstract: An optically active compound represented by the formula R.sub.1 --A.sub.1 --A.sub.2 --X.sub.1 --A.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --L--A.sub.4 --R.sub.2, in which R.sub.1 is F, CN or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl and R.sub.2 is H, F, CH or straight chain or branched alkyl; A.sub.3 is 1,4-phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-ditiane-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thiazole-2,5-diyl, thiaziazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,6-diyl, benzothiazole-2,5-diyl, benzothiazole-2,6-diyl, benzofuran-2,5-diyl, benzofuran-2,6-diyl, quinoxaline-2,6-diyl, quinoline-2,6-diyl, 2,6-naphthylene, indane-2,5-diyl, 2-alkylindane-2,5-diyl, indanone-2,6-diyl, 2-alkylindane-2,6-diyl, coumarane-2,5-diyl and 2-alkylcoumarane-2,5-diyl; A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.4 are single bond or A.sub.3 ; X.sub.1 ' is a single bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.

Abstract: This invention provides certain substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurylsulfonamide derivatives and methods for using them in the treatment of susceptible neoplasms in mammals. Also provided are certain novel pharmaceutical formulations employing these benzenesulfonamide derivatives in combination with a carrier.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of arylazotetronic acid derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## in which a 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone of the formula: ##STR2## is diazotized. The arylazotetronic acid derivatives are important intermediates in the preparation of (+)-biotin.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active 3-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone or optically active 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran through a short route and by using an easily available and inexpensive starting material and an inexpensive reagent easy to handle is disclosed. The process comprises cyclizing an optically active compound represented by formula (II): ##STR1## wherein Q represents an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxymethyl group; X represents a halogen atom; and the asterisk * means an asymmetric carbon atom, under an acidic condition.

Abstract: A process for producing (S)-.beta.-hydroxy-.gamma.-butyrolactone, a versatile intermediate used in several organic syntheses, from (S)-carnitine which is an unexpensive waste-product obtained from the production of (R)-carnitine by the resolution of racemic mixtures, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to benzoxazine and pyrido-oxazine antibacterial compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the moiety Q is a fused phenyl or fused pyridyl moiety as herein described, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, methods for their production and their use in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel compound of Formula I as well as a method of treating cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases comprising administration to a patient in need of such treatment of a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I. ##STR1## The invention also encompasses certain pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases comprising compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: Novel nonpeptide antagonists of endothelin I are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical compositions of the same, which are useful in treating elevated levels of endothelin, acute and chronic renal failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, cirrhosis, septic shock, congestive heart failure, endotoxic shock, subarachnoid hemorrhage, arrhythmias, asthma, preeclampsia, atherosclerotic disorders including Raynaud's disease and restenosis, angina, cancer, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic disease, gastric mucosal damage, hemorrhagic shock, ischemic bowel disease, stroke, benign prosthatic hyperplasia (BPH), and diabetes.

Abstract: Carboxy-peptidyl compounds of Formula I are found to be useful inhibitors of matrix metalloendoproteinase-mediated diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, tumor invasion in certain cancers, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, proteinuria, dystrophobic epidermolysis bullosa, coronary thrombosis associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and aneurysmal aortic disease. This invention relates to a process of making the carboxy-peptidyl compounds of formula I.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --CH.sub.2 R;Y is --O-- or --S--;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently, hydrogen or lower alkyl;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;which by virtue of their ability to inhibit PLA.sub.2, are of use as antiinflammatory agents and there is also disclosed a method for the treatment of immunoinflammatory conditions, such as allergy, anaphylaxis, asthma and inflammation in mammals.

Abstract: 5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is prepared by cyclization of alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonates by heating with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid or, advantageously, in the presence of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid and catalytic amounts of methanol as solubilizer, subsequent workup of the reaction mixture by distillation and, where appropriate, isomerization of the 5-methoxy- or 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, which is formed as byproduct, by heating with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of the ketone C.dbd.O double bond to a secondary alcohol function, said process using a neutral ruthenium complex as the catalyst and a compound containing a C.dbd.O group as the substrate to be hydrogenated, characterised in that it comprises hydrogenation of the substrate using a diallyl (diphosphino) ruthenium compound with formula ##STR1## where al preferably represents CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2,Q represents a hydrocarbon bridge containing at least two catenary carbon atoms and which can contain one to four catenary heteroatoms selected from O, S, N and Si,R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 may be identical or different and each represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl group.

Abstract: A lactone compound, useful as an osteogenetic accelerator, having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n is zero or 1 and m is zero or 1, provided that both n and m are not zero at the same time, or a stereoisomer thereof at the 23- and/or 25-positions or any mixture thereof and a production process thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone and new uses thereof.4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone may be extracted from the plants of Pinaceae species and may advantageously be used as an anti-oxidant or for whitening the skin. The compound or extracts containing same is not irritative to the skin and can safely be applied to the skin.

Abstract: Compounds having formula (3), wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, straight or branched alkenyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, straight or branched alkynyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, benzyl or aryl, optionally mono- or plurisubstituted with straight or branched alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, an amino or a nitro group; and when R.sup.1 is H salts thereof, or R.sup.1 is acyl (R.sup.1 =--COR.sup.2) wherein R.sup.2 is straight or branched alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, alkenyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, alkynyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, or aryl, optionally mono- or plurisubstituted with alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, an amino or a nitro group. Compounds of formula (3) have interesting antifungal activities and may, accordingly, be used as active ingredients in fungicidal compositions.