Abstract: This invention provides certain furanone derivatives, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use in a method for treating inflammation, asthma, or allergies.

Abstract: The present invention provides 5-arylalkyl-4-alkoxy-2(5H)-furanones of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the oxygen atoms on C-5 and C-.alpha., relative to one another, are in the threo-position, with the exclusion of those compounds of the formula (I) wherein R.sup.2 is H or CH.sub.3 when n=0 or 2, R.sup.o =H, R.sup.1 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 =H and R.sup.4 =H.The present invention also provides processes for their preparation, as well as new 3-alkoxy-5-(subst.)-phenyl-2(E), 4(E)-pentadienoates as reactive intermediates for the preparation of the new furanone derivatives.The new furanone derivatives of the threo series are active as anticonvulsives/anti-epileptics. Therefore, the present invention also provides medicaments which contain these new furanone derivatives, as well as known furanones, the anticonvulsive/anti-epileptic effectiveness of which has been found for the first time.

Abstract: Process for the production of imidazole derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an (R)- or (S)-1-phenylalkyl group, an (R)- or (S)-1-alkoxycarbonyl-1-phenylmethyl group or an (R)- or (S)-1-aryloxycarbonyl-1-phenylmethyl group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl group, an unsubstituted or a substituted benzoyl group, a substituted or an unsubstituted benzyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a pyranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzenesulfonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a diarylphosphinyl group, a dialkoxyphosphinyl group or a trialkylsilyl group, and A is a sulfur or oxygen atom.

Abstract: Butyrolactone derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, which have an appetite-regulating effect, a process for their production, and compositions containing them, are disclosed.

Abstract: Polyfluoro .gamma.-ketoester compounds are obtained by reaction of ethylenic monoolefins, a metal or quaternary ammonium cyanide, and a fluoroester. These compounds, which have a general formula R.sub.F C(O)CFYCF.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.1, can be copolymerized directly with fluorinated ethylenic monoolefins, or further reacted to form vinyl ether and allyl ether derivatives which may also be copolymerized with ethylenic comonomers, forming solid, moldable copolymers with useful properties determined by the nature of pendant functional groups R.sub.F.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the (1RS, 4RS, 5SR), (1R, 4R, 5S) or (1S, 4S, 5R) configuration having the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the organic residue Z of an optionally chiral alcohol of the formula ZOH comprising reacting in the presence of an acid agent 5RS-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one having the formula ##STR2## either (a) with an achiral alcohol of the formula ZOH to obtain the resulting ether and reacting the latter in an anhydrous medium with an isopropylidene sulfurane of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel furanone derivatives, having an aldose reductase-inhibitory activity, of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a lower alkylene group,R.sup.1 is a carboxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl group,R.sup.2 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a halo (lower) alkyl group, andR.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy, carboxy, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl group.

Abstract: Analogs of the marine natural product manoalide are useful in treating mammals, including humans, in need of a drug having analgesic/anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and/or antiproliferative activity.

Abstract: Polyfluoro .gamma.-ketoester compounds are obtained by reaction of ethylenic monoolefins, a metal or quaternary ammonium cyanide, and a fluoroester. These compounds, which have a general formula R.sub.F C(O)CFYCF.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.1, can be copolymerized directly with fluorinated ethylenic monoolefins, or further reacted to form vinyl ether and allyl ether derivatives which may also be copolymerized with ethylenic comonomers, forming solid, moldable copolymers with useful properties determined by the nature of pendant functional groups R.sub.F.

Abstract: Described are compounds of the formula: ##STR1## Wherein A is a lower alkylene group;R.sup.1 is a carboxy, hydroxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkoxycarbonylamino, phenyl(lower)alkyloxy, benzoyloxy or lower alkanoyloxy group;R.sup.2 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a halo(lower)alkyl group;R.sup.3 is a hydrogen or halogen atom;R.sup.4 is hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy or lower alkoxycarbonyloxy group; andR.sup.5 is a hydrogen or halogen atom;Q is the number of double bonds which is equal to 0 or 1;n is an integer of 0 or 1, provided that when Q is 0, n is 1 and when Q is 1, n is 0.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pent-3-ene-1-oic acid of the formula ##STR1## and a process for its preparation and intermediates and a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein W is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R.sub.1 of an optionally chiral alcohol R.sub.1 OH, useful as an intermediate for the production of numerous esters having elevated insecticidal activity.

Abstract: A 2,2-difluoro-2-desoxycarbohydrate is used to prepare antiviral nucleosides.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted 2-(3-aminophenoxymethyl)imidazolines which are useful for the treatment of diarrhea and useful as analgesics.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pent-3-ene-1-oic acid of the formula ##STR1## and a process for its preparation and intermediates and a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein W is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R.sub.1 of an optionally chiral alcohol R.sub.1 OH, useful as an intermediate for the production of numerous ester having elevated insecticidal activity.

Abstract: A novel alkyl 4-methyl-3-formyl-penten-1-oate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and the dotted lines represent a double bond in the 3,4 or 4,5-position and their preparation and novel intermediates therefore and a novel process for the preparation of 4-methyl-3-formyl-pent-3-en-1-oic acid which is an intermediate for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the residue of an alcohol R.sub.3 OH by the process of European Patent Application Ser. No. 0023849 published Feb. 11, 1981, which are used to prepare very active insecticidal esters.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pent-3-ene-1-oic acid of the formula ##STR1## and a process for its preparation and intermediates and a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein W is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R.sub.1 of an optionally chiral alcohol R.sub.1 OH, useful as an intermediate for the producton of numerous ester having elevated insecticidal activity.

Abstract: Novel ether, ester, urethane, thiourethane and carbonate derivatives of the ruminant growth promoters, M.139,603, M.139,603-adlehyde and oxime etc. derivatives thereof, all of which are effective in reducing the proportion of methane produced by ruminal fermentation, and increasing the proportion of propionic acid at the expense of acetic acid in the rumen contents; together with processes for their manufacture, compositions containing them, and their use in increasing growth and/or feed efficiency in ruminant animals.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a new and improved method of preparing .alpha.-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, particularly substituted cyclopent-2-en-2-ol-1-ones and substituted 3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones. The novel sequence involves a number of novel intermediates including substituted 2-cyanocyclopentanones, substituted 2-cyano-2-hydroxycyclopentanones, and 2-cyano-2-hydroxyvalero-.gamma.-lactones.

Abstract: Process for the production of tetronic acid from 4-haloacetoacetic ester which begins by converting a 4-haloacetoacetic ester into the corresponding 4-benzyloxyacetoacetic ester. The 4-benzyl ester is then hydrogenolyzed into an intermediate product. The 4-hydroxyacetoacetic ester is converted by treatment with acid into tetronic acid. The 4-hydroxyacetoacetic ester can be isolated before conversion. The 4-benzyloxyacetoacetic ester can be produced by conversion of the 4-haloacetoacetic ester with a metal salt of benzyl alcohol. The hydrogenolysis can be carried out in the presence of an acid, whereby the 4-hydroxyacetoacetic ester forming in situ is rearranged directly into tetronic acid. The hydrogenolysis can be carried out under pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the production of tetronic acid from 4-haloacetoacetic ester. The 4-haloacetoacetic ester is transformed into the corresponding 4-tertiary-butoxyacetoacetic ester and the latter is converted by cyclizing ether cleavage into tetronic acid. Preferably the cyclizing ether cleavage is carried out thermolytically at a temperature above 100.degree. C. or is carried out by treatment with an acid at a temperature of 0.degree. to 30.degree. C. Tertiary-butoxyacetoacetic acid ethyl ester is a new compound.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wheren X.sup.1 is halo or trihalomethyl, X.sup.2 is hydrogen or halo, R.sup.1 is nitro or --OR.sup.3, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or --OR.sup.4, R.sup.3 ##STR2## R.sup.4 is ##STR3## and R is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, thiol, alkythio, alkenylthio, amino, mono- or di-substituted amino or OM, wherein M is a monovalent cation; R' and R" are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or phenyl; and Y is oxygen, sulfur, or substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen, have herbicidal activity.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Butanetriol is produced by hydroformylation of a solution of glycidol and reduction of the hydroformylation reaction products.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of lepiochlorin, an antibiotic.

Abstract: At least one algae-produced, substantially pure chemical compound with biocidal activity has been isolated from a blue-green algal (Cyanobacteria) toxin, preferably Scytonema toxin. This biocide appears to be one of the first of its class, since very little is now known regarding algal toxins and any biocides (including any antibiotics) they may contain. A biocide of this invention has activity against harmful blue-green algae such as Anabaena and can be used as, among other things, an algicide with minimal undesirable effects upon the environment of use (e.g. lakes, streams, water supplies, swimming pools, etc.). An ether-soluble, nonsteroidal, anisole-containing biocide of this invention appears to have a molecular weight of 430 or 431, a melting point or range within the range of about 48.degree. to about 55.degree. C., and the empirical formula C.sub.23 H.sub.23 O.sub.6 Cl.

Abstract: Novel 3-formyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is an aromatic group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, the Rs are alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together form a polymethylene of 2 to 3 carbon atoms and Z' is selected from the group consisting of --COOH and Z and Z is selected from the group consisting of cyano and --COOR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and their preparation which are useful for the preparation of 3-formyl-4-R.sub.2 R.sub.3 -but-3-ene-1-oic acid which is an intermediate for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen or the remainder of an alcohol of the formula R.sub.1 OH by the process of copending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 153,338 filed May 27, 1980.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-aryl-2-1-H-azoyl-(alkyl)gamma-butyrolactone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is optionally substituted aryl;R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl;Azo is 1-H-imidiazoyl, 1-H-1,2,4-triazoyl or 4-H-1,2,4-triazoyl;n is zero or an integer from 1 to 5, and the agronomically acceptable acid addition salts and metal salt complexes thereof, methods for their preparation and their use as pesticides.