Abstract: The present invention provides Wondonin A of general formula (I), which is extracted from a two-sponge association of phylum Porifera (sponge) and has antiangiogenic activity, and a process for preparing the same. Wondonin A has no cytotoxicity, but has an inhibitory activity against angiogenesis which is one of the crucial mechanisms of cancer cell metastasis, thus, it can be applied not only as an anticancer drug but also as a therapeutic agent of angiogenesis-associated diseases such as cardiac ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved, efficient and enantio-selective process for the synthesis of (4R, 6S)-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl tetrahydropyran-2-one, employing the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and regiospecific nucleophilic hydride opening of the cyclic sulfite/sulfate as the key steps. The invention also resides in the intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for cis-1-{2-[4-(6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}pyrrolidine which is an intermediate for the preparation of (−)cis-6-phenyl-5-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-ol which is useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract: A method of modifying or altering the structure of a 1&agr;-hydroxylated vitamin D compound to increase its biological activity by altering the conformational equilibrium of the A-ring to favor a chair conformation that presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation. This is accomplished by either locking the A-ring chair conformation in a geometry having an axially orientated 1&agr;-hydroxyl, or by the addition of one or more substituents to the A-ring which interact with other substituents in the molecule or on the A-ring to provide a driving force to the A-ring to adopt a chair conformation which presents the 1&agr;-hydroxyl in the axial orientation.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: useful in the treatment of arthritis, tumor metastasis, tissue ulceration, abnormal wound healing, periodontal disease, bone disease, diabetes (insulin resistance) and HIV infection.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for covalently coupling organic compounds which comprises reacting an aromatic ring compound having a halogen or halogen-like substituent at a coupling position with a diboron derivative in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and a suitabIe base. The invention also provides useful arylboron intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved methods of producing aryl dioxoalkanoic acid compounds and derivatives useful as intermediates for diarylpyrrole therapeutic agents by the alcoholysis of benzoylcyclohexanone ketal compounds.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to cyclic dienol ethers of formula (III). wherein R3 is hydrogen and R4 is C1-4 alkoxy or R3 and R4 together form an optionally substituted methylenedioxy group —O—C(R5)(R6)—O—, wherein R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl.

Abstract: There can be provided a liquid crystalline compound expressed by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: The present invention is directed to indanyl derivatives and the use of the indanyl derivatives in creating fragrances, and scents in items such as perfumes colognes and personal care products.

Abstract: The present invention regards a three-step process for the synthesis of 5-(&agr;-hydroxyalkyl) benzo[1,3]dioxols. The process comprises: (i) the reaction of pyrocatechin (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) with a dihalo or di-alkoxyalkane, with the formation of a benzo[1,3]dioxol derivative; (ii) 5-selective catalytic acylation of the benzo[1,3]dioxol, with formation of a 5-alkanoylbenzo[1,3]dioxol and its subsequent (iii) reduction to 5-(&agr;-hydroxyalkyl) benzo[1,3]dioxol. Also described are new benzodioxols obtainable using the above-mentioned process. The process of the invention is industrially simple and has low environmental impact; it allows to obtain in high yields derivatives of considerable interest, in particular for the perfumery industry, and in the sector of insecticides.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetals of the formula I where a) the Rs are, independently of one another, a C1-C20-alkyl or C3-C20-alkenyl radical, or b) the two R radicals together form the members of an unsubstituted or C1-C10-alkyl-substituted 5- to 7-membered cyclic acetal, by reacting 3-methyl-2-butenal in the presence of sulfamic acid, of a N-(C1-C8-alkyl)sulfamic acid or of a N,N-di(C1-C8-alkyl)sulfamic acid as catalyst with: an alcohol of the formula R—OH (IIa), or an orthoester of the formula HC—(OR)3 (III) or a mixture of an alcohol of the formula (IIa) and an orthoester of the formula (III), or an alcohol of the formula HO—(CH2)m—OH (IIb), where m is a number from 2 to 4, and (CH2)m group in the alcohol IIb may be substituted by a C1-C10-alkyl group.

Abstract: The decomposition reactive emulsifier of this invention is a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom and both R1 and R2 are not concurrently a hydrogen; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; A is an alkylene or substituted alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 100 when X is a hydrogen atom or n is an integer of from 0 to 100 when X is an ionic hydrophilic group, said ionic hydrophilic group being anionic, cationic or amphoteric and when n is 2 or greater (AO)n is a homopolymer or a block copolymer or a random copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds represented by the general formula (I): and a salt thereof, and anti-inflammatory agents and antitumor agents containing the compounds as the active ingredients.

Abstract: The sensory properties of the diastereomeric enantiomer pairs and of the pure enantiomers of the compound 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane are described. The cis compounds (2 S,4 R)-2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane and (2 S,4 R)-2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane are the most sensorially valuable. These enantiomers and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable for use as a sensorially active substance, for example as a fragrance.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for cis-1-{2-[4-(6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}pyrrolidine which is an intermediate for the preparation of (-)cis-6-phenyl-5-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-ol which is useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of propylene to an acrolein derivative by converting propylene to acrolein and converting acrolein to the acrolein derivative. The processes utilize oxygen and recycle propane to the acrolein reactor. Process feeds can comprise, propane, propylene or mixtures thereof. The presence of propane in the propylene-to-acrolein reaction can enhance the efficiency of the processes.

Abstract: The compounds according to the general formula in which formula the dotted lines indicate a single or a double bond, n and m are 0 or 1, R1 is hydrogen or an acyl group —C(O)R3, R3 being a linear or branched alkyl or alkylene group from C1 to C8, the oxygen atom being bound to the adjacent &agr;-carbon atom by a double bond in the case where n is 0 and by a single bond in the case where n is 1, R2 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group from C1 to C8, or R2 is an alkenoxy group which is linked to the group R1 to form a 1,3-dioxolane cycle having 5 to 7 ring members, are useful perfuming ingredients. The most preferred compounds according to the invention are those which have a damascone- or damascenone-like structure, with the methyl substituent being in 4-position of the ring instead of the 2-position, as is the case in damascones and damascenones.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of polyene aldehydes comprises reacting a polyene O,O-ethylene acetal with a 1-alkoxy-1,3-diene in the presence of a Lewis acid or Bronsted acid, hydrolyzing the resulting condensation product and cleaving off alcohol under basic or acidic conditions from the polyene derivative produced at this stage. The novel polyene O,O-ethylene acetals as well as the likewise novel condensation products in this process form further aspects of the invention. The final products are primarily carotenoids which find corresponding use, e.g. as colorants and pigments for foodstuffs, animal products etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel protein tyrosine phosphatase modulating compounds having the general structure shown in Formula (A1), to methods for their preparation, to compositions comprising the compounds, to their use for treatment of human and animal disorders, to their use for purification of proteins or glycoproteins, and to their use in diagnosis. The invention relates to modulation of the activity of molecules with phosphotyrosine recognition units, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and proteins with Src-homology-2 domains, in in vitro systems, microorganism, eukaryoic cells, whole animals and human being. R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, trihalomethyl, alkyl, arylalkyl. R'" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl. X is aryl. Y is selected from hydrogen or ##STR1## wherein (*) indicates a potential point of attachment to X.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted 3,3-diphenyl indanone, indane and indole compounds, as well as analogues thereof, which are specific, potent and safe inhibitors of mammalian cell proliferation. The compounds can be used to inhibit mammalian cell proliferation in situ as a therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, such as cancer.

Abstract: Polymerisable optically active compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## where: W.sup.1 denotes a polymerisable residue,S.sup.1 denotes a spacer unit,Y.sup.1 denotes a single bond, or one of the groups --O--, --COO--, --OOC--, --OCOO--, --S--, --CONH-- or --NHCO--,M denotes a divalent mesogenic group, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups with up to 8 carbon atom.

Abstract: Chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where: R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 are hydrogen or aromatic, aliphatic or araliphatic radicals having 1 to 40 carbon atoms,R.sup.5,R.sup.6,R.sup.7,R.sup.8 are aromatic or aliphatic radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 contains a polymerizable group,are used as dopes in liquid crystals, in compositions for coating substrates and in the preparation of interference pigments which can be used in printing inks and surface coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as monomers in photopolymerizable compositions. Also disclosed are methods of polymerizing these monomers, and polymers produced thereby.

Abstract: The dihalopropene compounds of the general formula [I ] have excellent insecticidal/acaricidal activity, so that they are satisfactorily effective for the control of noxious insects, mites and ticks.

Abstract: Iminoacetamides of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A represents a single bond or optionally substituted alkylene,Q represents oxygen or sulphur,R.sup.1 represents respectively optionally substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl,R.sup.2 represents respectively optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or respectively optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl or cycloalkyl,R.sup.4 represents respectively optionally substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclcyla process for their preparation, pesticidal compositions containing them, and their use for controlling pests.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted 3,3-diphenyl indanone, indane and indole compounds, as well as analogues thereof, which are specific, potent and safe inhibitors of mammalian cell proliferation. The compounds can be used to inhibit mammalian cell proliferation in situ as a therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, such as cancer.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic addition of nucleophilic agents to alkynes or allenes to form alkenes substituted by the nucleophile which may further react with the nucleophile and/or isomerize comprises using a catalyst comprising a wholly or partly ionized complex of univalent gold.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound of formula ##STR1## wherein B and D are each independently of the other C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl, ##STR2## L is ##STR3## methyl or C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 alkyl, wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 alkyl, with the proviso that when L is methyl, at least one of B and D is C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl;R2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, cyano or nitro,R3, R4 and R5 are each independently of one another hydrogen, OR6, SR6, SeR6, --NHR6, --NR6R7, ##STR4## with the proviso that at least one of R3, R4 and R5 is not hydrogen, R6 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.37 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.37 alkylene or C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 alkyl which is interrupted by 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N,R7 is hydrogen or R9,R8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, andR9 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl which is interrupted by 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N.

Abstract: There are disclosed an aromatic hydroxy compound or polymer substituted with acetal of Formula (I), (II) or (III), and a negative photoresist composition prepared therefrom. The pattern formed of the negative photoresist composition has good cross sections in addition to being superior in transmissivity to deep uv light and excimer laser and in thermal resistance and storage stability after exposure.

Abstract: Cyclic acetals or ketals are prepared by reacting a polyol with the appropriate aldehydes or ketones, with part of the aldehyde or ketone being distilled out during the reaction.

Abstract: .alpha.,.alpha.-Difluoro-.beta.-hydroxy thiol esters of Formula (III): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.c and R.sup.d are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, S-tert-butyl difluorothioacet-2-yl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 fused aromatic rings, and substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 fused aromatic rings; orR.sup.c and R.sup.d together make up a ring selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl and substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl;R.sup.e is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl and substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cyclic formal is manufactured by cyclic reaction of an alkylene glycol and an aldehyde in a reactor, producing formal mixed with unreacted aldehyde as an impurity, which impurity is reduced in amount by connecting the reactor to a distillation tower and continuously supplying alkylene glycol to the distillation tower from which unreacted formaldehyde and a cyclic formal are being distilled, and continuously reacting them with supplied raw formaldehyde by countercurrent flow during distillation; water content in azeotropic admixture with cyclic formal can be removed by azeotropic distillation with a hydrocarbon azeotropic mixture with water, distilling water from the cyclic formal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel optically active bidentate phosphine ligand palladium complex of formula (I) or (II) which can be used for the preparation of optically active .beta.-hydroxyketones: ##STR1## ?wherein Y.sup.- represents an anion pair which may form salt; X represents ##STR2## {wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen atom, C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, C.sub.1-6 alkoxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, halogen atom or phenyl group, etc.; m represents 1 or 2; when m is 2, two R.sup.1 s may be same or different}; andA and B each independently represents phenyl group or cyclohexyl group {said phenyl group and cyclohexyl group each is unsubstituted or substituted by R.sup.2 (R.sup.2 has the same meaning as defined in R.sup.1)}).

Abstract: A purification process for cyclic formals, in which water is efficiently removed from a crude cyclic formal, namely, a mixture of a cyclic formal and water which is difficult to be separated from the mixture, thereby obtaining a cyclic formal of high purity which contains only a very small amount of water.The purification process for cyclic formals is characterized by the steps of supplying a mixture of a cyclic formal and water into a distillation tower, effecting distillation while supplying a hydrophilic solvent (A) having a boiling point from 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. into the distillation tower at a position higher than the supply position of the mixture, and taking out a purified cyclic formal as a distillate.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyenecarbonyl compounds having a high all-E content and their acetals or ketals by aldol condensation or Horner-Emmons reaction comprises carrying out the reaction, for the purposes of the preferred formation of a double bond of E configuration and in order to maintain the E configuration of the double bonds in the stating compounds as completely as possible, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-inert gas mixture or nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-inert gas mixture and/or in the presence of specific stable radicals and/or in the presence of quinones or quinone derivatives.

Abstract: A process for preparing polycyclic aromatic compounds, which comprises reactinga) an aromatic boron compound withb) an aromatic halogen compound or an aromatic perfluoroalkylsulfonate in the presence ofc) a base,d) a nickel or palladium catalyst,e) a phosphorus-containing ligand andf) a polyhydric alcohol, a sulfoxide or sulfone.The process gives high yields, in particular also in the coupling of chloroaromatics.

Abstract: A process to make .alpha.,.alpha.-difluoro-.beta.-hydroxy thiol esters of formula (IIIA) ##STR1## comprising reacting a difluoroethanethioate of formula (IVA) ##STR2## with a second reactant selected from the group consisting of aldehydes, ketones, acid halides and esters; in a solvent and in the presence of a strong base; with the proviso that the process is conducted in the absence of a catalyst and in the absence of a silyl containing compound. These thiol esters are useful as intermediates in organic syntheses of pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds of Formula I: ##STR1## in which n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; t is 1, 2, 3 or 4; u is 0 or 1 (provided that t is not 1 when u is 0); X is O or N(R.sup.4); Y and Z are independently C(O), C(S) or CH.sub.2 (provided that Y and Z are not both CH.sub.2); R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are as defined in the specification; and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides, formulations containing them, their uses as therapeutic agents, and their synthesis.

Abstract: Novel acetogenins isolated from Asimina triloba and Goniothalamus giganteus of the family Annonaceae and derivatives of those and other acetogenins are described. Bioactive cyclic formaldehyde acetal derivatives are prepared from Annonaceous acetogenins having 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,5-diols. A non-adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran (THF) acetogenin is prepared from an unsaturated mono-THF acetogenin earlier isolated from Goniothalamus giganteus. The substantially pure acetogenins and acetogenin derivatives of the invention exhibit cytotoxicity to human solid tumor cell lines equipotent to adriamycin or orders of magnitude more potent than adriamycin, and they exhibit effective pesticidal activities.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of unsaturated cyclic ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Z denotes --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q or --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q --O--q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl from diols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of a cobalt-containing supported catalyst, wherein the cobalt-containing supported catalyst used contains cobalt and a noble metal--selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, or mixtures thereof--in an atomic ratio of from 0.5:1 to 70000:1 on an inert support and optionally basic alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, or mixtures thereof and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from 150.degree. to 300.degree.

Abstract: A purification process for cyclic formals, in which water is efficiently removed from a crude cyclic formal, namely, a mixture of a cyclic formal and water which is difficult to be separated from the mixture, thereby obtaining a cyclic formal of high purity which contains only a very small amount of water.The purification process for cyclic formals is characterized by the following two purification steps:(1) Supplying a mixture of a cyclic formal and water into a distillation tower at a supply position, and effecting distillation while supplying a hydrophilic solvent (A) having a boiling point from 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. at a position higher than the supply position of the mixture to take out a cyclic formal (X) containing 100 to 5000 ppm of water as a distillate, and(2) Distilling the cyclic formal (X) obtained in step (1) or treating it with a dehydrant to obtain a purified cyclic formal (Y) which contains less water than in the cyclic formal (X).

Abstract: A purification process for cyclic formals, in which water is efficiently removed from a crude cyclic formal, namely, a mixture of a cyclic formal and water which is difficult to be separated from the mixture, thereby obtaining a cyclic formal of high purity which contains only extremely small amounts of water and impurities.The purification process for cyclic formals is characterized by the steps of supplying a mixture of a cyclic formal and water into a distillation tower, effecting distillation while supplying a hydrophilic solver (A) having a boiling point from 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a purified cyclic formal (X) containing not more than 200 ppm of water into the distillation tower at positions higher than the supply position of the mixture and higher than the supply position of the hydrophilic solvent (A), respectively, and taking out a purified cyclic formal from the top of the tower as a distillate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acetals by reacting one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a liquid or dissolved organic nucleophilic compound containing at least two vicinal hydroxy groups in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:a) a source of plantinum;b) a source of anions; andc) a bidentate ligand of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent organic bridging group containing from 1 to 4 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a bivalent substituted or non-substituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.1 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent substituted or non-substituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2.

Abstract: Process for the production of 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane reacting acrolein with ethylene glycol in the presence of a solid, acidic catalyst and recovery of the reaction mixture. Selectivity may be increased in comparison with known prior art processes by performing the reaction in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst at a temperature of below 50.degree. C.; the reaction mixture, from which the catalyst has been removed, is treated by extraction using an organic solvent which substantially does not dissolve ethylene glycol and has a boiling point of above 130.degree. C.; the two phases obtained on extraction are treated for recovery by distillation and recovered educts and the organic solvent are recycled.

Abstract: A chiral dopant of the formula ##STR1## wherein ring A is 1,4-phenylene which is optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, cyano groups, or methyl groups, and in which one or two CH groups can be replaced by nitrogen, or is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene;Z is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --; X.sup.1,X.sup.2,X.sup.3,X.sup.4 each independently are hydrogen or fluorine;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, is alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted with one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --0--, is alkenyl with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted with one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--, is a group of the formula ##STR2## and when R.sup.1 is bonded to an aromatic ring, can also be fluorine, chlorine, cyano, CF.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2 or --OCF.sub.3 ;R.

Abstract: N-arylaminoacrylic acid derivatives are obtained in good yields and in high purities when benzoylacetic acid derivatives are reacted with N-arylimino ethers. The products thus prepared are used, in particular, for the preparation of 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives, which have an outstanding bactericidal action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly diastereoselective processes for production of cis-nucleosides and nucleoside analogues and derivatives in high optical purity and intermediates useful in those processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to caged compounds for the study of biological processes, where the caged compound has a photoremoveable .alpha.-carboxy-substituted o-nitrobenzyl group. Covalent attachment of the substituted o-nitrobenzyl to a parent compound yields a caged compound with biological and/or physical properties that are significantly altered from the original properties of the parent compound. Illumination of the caged compounds to cleave the photoremoveable group yields the parent compound with its original properties restored.

Abstract: A method of preparing cyclic formals which contain only small amounts of by-product impurities and unreacted starting materials, and which are ready to be purified.In preparing a cyclic formal by reacting alkylene glycol with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst, a reaction vessel provided with a vapor-liquid contact zone at the upper part thereof is used. Vapor generated from the reaction mixture and containing a cyclic formal goes up and passes through the vapor-liquid contact zone to be condensed. While part of the condensate is returned to the vapor-liquid contact zone, the remainder of the condensate is taken out as a distillate.