Abstract: A process for the production of polyisobutylene (PIB) from isobutene-containing feed comprises contacting said feed with a catalyst composition comprising halides of a metal component anchored on an adsorbent inorganic oxide solid by an oxygen-metal bond to provide a reaction mixture containing said polyisobutylene; and thereafter separating and recovering said polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Poly-n-butene is prepared from a mixed C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstream containing less than about 5 wt. % isobutylene using an AlCl.sub.3 -HCl catalyst system wherein the HCl is introduced separately into the feedstream to form organochloride in the feedstream. Polymer product having a very narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained over the M.sub.n range of 300 to 900.

Abstract: Oligomers are produced from unsaturated monomers. They contain terminal unsaturation and have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 200. These oligomers are produced by the free radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers using as an initiator and/or chain transfer agent in the process a transition metal complex comprising a metal cation and at least one chelating agent, said transition metal complex being generally in accordance with formula (I), wherein M is a transition metal ion which can form hexa- or penta-coordinated structures and, when complexed in this manner, has two or more readily interconverted adjacent valence states, R is hydrogen or an organic group or a transition metal complex derived form formula (I) and L is a ligand or controlling the stability and electron transfer properties of the transition metal complex and consists of an electron pair donor (Lewis base) capable of coordination with the metal ion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for carrying out the selective dimerization of isobutene in order to produce alpha- and beta-di-isobutene dimer.sub.3, according to which process an isobutene stream is brought into contact, under dimerization conditions, with a solid silica gel/alumina catalyst which is amorphous when analyzed by X-ray diffraction, displays a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, has a surface-area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a porosity of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g and an average pore diameter of approximately 10 .ANG. (.ANG.ngstrom), and is free from pores with a larger diameter than 30 .ANG..

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising nickel supported on a pillared (e.g., silica pillared) vacancy titanate material. There is also provided a method for preparing this catalyst. This method may involve impregnating a pillared vacancy titanate material with a nickel nitrate solution. There is further provided a process for oligomerizing ethylene using this catalyst.

Abstract: Methane is converted into higher hydrocarbon products, and especially into ethane and ethylene, by oxidative coupling, by bringing a gaseous mixture containing methane and oxygen into contact at high temperature for a short contact time with a solid catalyst formed from lithium oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide (preferably of magnesium) and a lanthanide oxide (preferably of neodymium or lanthanum), in which the lithium content is less than 0.20% by weight and the atomic ratio of the alkaline earth metal to the lanthanide varies from 0.8/1 to 8/1, said catalyst being obtained by:preparing a mixture of lithium, alkaline earth metal and lanthanide oxides in which the lithium content exceeds 1% by weight; andreducing the lithium content of the mixture to less than 0.20% by weight by high temperature thermal treatment conducted at least partly in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a liquid polymer using a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing substantially linear hydrocarbons by oligomerizing a lower olefin at elevated temperature and pressure which comprises contacting the lower olefin under oligomerization/polymerization conditions with constrained intermediate pore siliceous acidic zeolite, e.g., ZSM-22, -23 or -35, having Bronsted acid activity; wherein the zeolite has acidic pore activity and wherein the zeolite surface is rendered substantially inactive for acidic reactions. The zeolite surface can be inactivated by contact with dicarboxylic acid, e.g., oxalic acid. The olefin oligomers may be used as alkylating agents to prepare biodegradable alkylbenzenes and alkylphenylsulfonates.

Abstract: A synthetic oil is made by a process comprising (a) isomerizing at least a portion of a vinylidene olefin feed to form an intermediate which contains tri-substituted olefin and (b) reacting said intermediate and at least one vinyl olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form a synthetic oil which comprises a co-dimer of said vinylidene olefin and said vinyl olefin.

Abstract: Light olefins are converted to heavier hydrocarbon products, e.g., those boiling in the gasoline, distillate, and/or lube range, under oligomerization reaction conditions in the presence of catalyst comprising zeolite MCM-49.

Abstract: A process is disclosed to produce liquid oligomers of olefins, such as l-decene, with controlled molecular weight and with branch ratios below 0.19 and having higher viscosity indices than oligomers with higher branch ratios. These oligomers with low branch ratios and controlled molecular weight can be used as basestocks for many lubricants or greases with an improved viscosity-temperature relationship, oxidative stability, volatility, etc. They can also be used to improve viscosities and viscosity indices of lower quality oils. The olefins can, for example, be oligomerized in the presence of hydrogen over a supported and reduced metal oxide catalyst from Group VIB of the Periodic Table to give oligomers of controlled viscosity suitable for lubricant application.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a catalytic composition for the polymerization of olefins. At least partial electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in a solvent of .alpha., .omega.-dihalogeno-alkane and simultaneously the electrochemical reduction of a compound of titanium (IV) occur in process.The catalytic composition comprises at least one titanium compound, at least one halogenated organs-aluminum compound and at least one inorganic magnesium compound in suspension in at least one .alpha.,.omega.-dihalogeno-alkane. The titanium compound is essentially a titanium (III) compound. The overall content of titanium (II) and titanium (IV) is less than or equal to 15% of the total titanium content.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a linear .alpha.-olefin by the oligomerization of ethylene, characterized in that the oligomerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composed of (A) titanium halide or zirconium halide, (B) an organoaluminum compound, and (C) an alcohol (methanol and/or ethanol). The linear .alpha.-olefin has an extremely high purity because it is not contaminated with the catalyst components.

Abstract: A novel oligomerization catalyst and process for upgrading olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units; and the porous crystalline material is impregnated with at least one oligomerization promoting metal, such as Groups VIIIA metals, preferably nickel.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing a catalyst which is superior for converting methane to ethane and ethylene is described. The method involves mixing a solution of a magnesium alkoxide in alcohol with a solution of a lithium compound in alcohol. Preferably, chlorine is introduced into the mixture. A solution of an aluminum alkoxide in an alcohol may also be added to the mixture. The magnesium alkoxide is hydrolyzed to produce a gel, and the gel is then calcined to produce the catalyst. Catalysts prepared by this method are superior for converting methane to ethane and ethylene, and have superior selectivities for ethylene and ethane over conventional lithium carbonate/magnesium oxide catalysts.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing alpha-olefin oligomers of superior lubricating properties by contacting an alpha-olefin feed under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst comprising an activated layered silicate containing silica and oxide of Group VIB metal, e.g., Cr, between its layers. The catalyst can be activated by exposure to an oxidation gas at high temperature followed by treatment with a reducing agent, e.g., CO.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using sulfate-activated molecular sieves as catalyst.

Abstract: A normal 1-alkene containing 3-8 carbons is dimerized in the presence of a supported alkali metal as a catalyst and about 10-100 mol %, based on the amount of alkali metal catalyst, of an oxide of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and/or cesium as a co-catalyst. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the alkene is propene, the alkali metal is potassium or a potassium alloy, and the co-catalyst is sodium oxide.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are extruded from a thick paste of potassium carbonate and water catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the co-dimerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer (e.g. styrene) with an .alpha.-monoolefin monomer (e.g. ethylene, propylene or 1-butylene), using a catalyst composition comprising palladium, an anion of a strong acid and an aliphatic diphosphine.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organocobalt(II) or organocobalt(III) compound and a borohydride compound in a solvent to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 1-butene. A phosphine compound can additionally be provided in the solvent with an organocobalt(III) compound to enhance selectivity to 1-butene.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with a nickel(II) halide compound, a phosphine compound and a zinc component in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising the desired oligomerization product.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel (0) compound and a phosphine compound in a fluorinated alcohol solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of n-butene wherein a Ziegler catalyst system composed of a nickel compound and an organoalkylaluminum is added, as a third component, with an amine and/or a quaternary ammonium chloride. The amine can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. This process makes it possible to selectively prepare isooctene having a low degree of branching while maintaining high catalytic activity.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization catalyst system is provided that is produced by the process consisting essentially of: contacting an organonickel compound, an aromatic acid compound, and a phosphine compound. Additionally, an ethylene oligomerization process is provided that consists essentially of oligomerizing ethylene with the above-mentioned oligomerization catalyst system.

Abstract: A synthetic oil composition comprises a major portion by weight of synthetic base oil having a kinetic viscosity of from about 1.5 to 2.5 cSt at 100.degree. C. and a minor portion by weight of one or more property enhancing additives for said base oil, said base oil comprising a major portion by weight of dimer of 1-decene, said dimer having a kinetic viscosity of less than about 250 cSt at -40.degree. C., a kinetic viscosity of less than about 1,000 cSt at -54.degree. C. and a pour point of less than about -65.degree. C.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.

Abstract: A process is provided for effecting catalytic conversion of an organic compound-containing feedstock to conversion product which comprises contacting said feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising an active form of a functionalized inorganic, porous, non-layered crystalline phase having uniformly sized pores of at least about 13, e.g., at least about 15, Angstrom Units in diameter.

Abstract: A contact material composition containing an intimately mixed, mixed oxide of at least one cationic species of a naturally occurring Group 111B elment, at least one cationic species of a Group IIA metal of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium and at least one additional metal cationic species of zirconium and hafnium, as well as methods for hydrocarbon conversion using such contact material compositions are provided.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers are prepared by polymerizing one or a mixture of olefins, each of which has about 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting in an organic solvent an aluminum halide and from about 0.01 to 0.99 mole per mole of aluminum halide of a proton donor.

Abstract: A contact material composition containing an intimately mixed, mixed oxide of at least one cationic species of a naturally occurring Group IIIB element, at least one cationic species of a Group IIA metal of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium and a cationic species of aluminum, as well as methods for hydrocarbon conversion using such contact material compositions are provided.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using a sulfate-activated Group IV oxide particularly zirconium dioxide, as the catalyst.

Abstract: A liquid phase process for oligomerization of C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 isoolefins or the etherification thereof with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alcohols wherein the reactants are contacted in a reactor with a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin catalyst at an LHSV of 5 to 20, pressure of 0 to 400 psig and temperature of 120.degree. to 300.degree. F. Wherein the improvement is the operation of the reactor at a pressure to maintain the reaction mixture at its boiling point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized. By operating at the boiling point and allowing a portion of the reaction mixture to vaporize, the exothermic heat of reaction is dissipated by the formation of more boil up and the temperature in the reactor is controlled.

Abstract: A method for separating conjunct polymers and sulfolane from a mixture containing conjunct polymers, sulfolane, and hydrofluoric acid is disclosed, which method comprises the sequential steps of separating hydrofluoric acid from said mixture to provide an intermediate stream containing less than about 30 percent hydrofluoric acid by weight and gravitationally separating said intermediate stream into a sulfolane-enriched stream and a conjunct polymer-enriched stream.

Abstract: The title compounds can be prepared by reaction of a styrene derivative with ethylene in the presence of a nickel catalyst which carries a phosphorus-oxygen chelate ligand, at a temperature of 20.degree.to 160.degree. C. and an ethylene pressure of 1 to 200 bar. Styrene derivatives extended with ethylene, of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.19 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, vinyl or chlorine and R.sup.38 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -acyl, flourine, chlorine or bromine andm assumes values of 4-104,with the exception of compounds wherein R.sup.19 denotes hydrogen and R.sup.38 denotes i-butyl or benzoyl, and m assumes the value 4, are new.

Abstract: A liquid phase process for oligomerization of C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 isoolefins or the etherification thereof with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alcohols wherein the reactants are contacted in a reactor with a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin catalyst at an LHSV of 5 to 20, pressure of 0 to 400 psig and temperature of 120.degree. to 300.degree. F. wherein the improvement is the operation of the reactor at a pressure to maintain the reaction mixture at its boiling point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized. By operating at the boiling point and allowing a portion of the reaction mixture to vaporize, the exothermic heat of reaction is dissipated by the formation of more boil up and the temperature in the reactor is controlled.

Abstract: A method for producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution which involves combining (1) an initiator component of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, and can be the same or different, and X is an acetate, etherate, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen, and i is a positive whole number, (2) a Lewis acid of the formula MX.sub.n in which M is titanium, aluminum, boron, or tin, X is a halogen, and n is a positive whole number, (3) an electron donor component having an electron donor number of from at least about 25 to no more than about 50, (4) a solvent for the preceding and (5) a hydrocarbon monomer component.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel(II) compound, a phosphite compound and an alkylaluminum compound in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed that is particularly useful as a lubricant viscosity index improver. The composition comprises branched C.sub.30 -C.sub.10000 hydrocarbons that have a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and viscosity at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. The novel compositions comprise the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and +90.degree. C. in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The compositions have viscosities at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. Using the foregoing compositions in admixture with mineral oil and synthetic lubricants provides novel lubricant blends that show an elevated viscosity index. The mixtures also show an increased stability to shear stress at high temperature with all blends notable by exhibiting Newtonian flow.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing propylene is described, consisting of reacting said olefin in the presence of an X-ray amorphous alumina-silica gel catalyst with a silica/alumina molar ratio of between 30/1 and 500/1, a surface area of between 500 and 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume of between 0.3 and 0.6 ml/g, an average pore diameter of the order of 10 .ANG. or less, and free or substantially free of pores with a diameter greater than 30 .ANG..

Abstract: Light olefins are converted to isoalkene-rich hydrocarbon products, e.g., isobutene and isoamylenes with zeolite MCM-22 catalyst.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed that is particularly useful as a lubricant viscosity index improver. The composition comprises branched C.sub.30 -C.sub.10000 hydrocarbons that have a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and viscosity at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. The novel compositions comprise the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and +90.degree. C. in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. The compositions have viscosities at 100.degree. C. between 725 cS and 15,000 cS. Using the foregoing compositions in admixture with mineral oil and synthetic lubricants provides novel lubricant blends that show an elevated viscosity index. The mixtures also show an increased stability to shear stress at high temperture with all blends notable by exhibiting Newtonian flow.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using cation-exchangeable layered clays that have been treated with a non-halogenated titanium salt or non-halogenated zirconium salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-12, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: A process for upgrading aliphatic feedstocks containing lower olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units. A new process is provied for catalytic oligomerization of lower olefin component in paraffin-containing mixed aliphatic feedstock which comprises contacting the feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with acid metallosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure consisting essentially of uniform pores in the range of about 20 to 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for upgrading olefinic feedstocks containing lower olefins employing new synthetic catalyst of ultra-large pore crystalline material. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units. A multistage process is provided for catalytic oligomerization of lower olefin which comprises contacting olefinic feedstock under catalytic conversion conditions with acid metallosilicate solid catalyst having the structure of MCM-41 with hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure consisting essentially of uniform pores in the range of about 20 to 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises: (a) contacting at least one olefinic compound with an alkali metal/alkali metal carbonate catalyst system at a temperature below the dimerization temperature range of the dimerization reaction; followed by (b) heating said olefin compound and said alkali metal carbonate catalyst system to a temperature in said dimerization temperature range.

Abstract: Catalyst systems containing a catalyst and catalyst support are presented. The catalyst comprises elemental alkali metal and a metal oxide where the metal in the oxide comes from the lanthanide series. Optionally, a promoter is included in the catalyst. The catalyst support comprises an alkali metal carbonate with optionally a carbonaceous compound. This catalyst system can be used to reduce isomerization losses associated with the production of higher alpha-olefins from lower alpha-olefins.

Abstract: The title compounds can be prepared by reaction of a styrene derivative with ethylene in the presence of a nickel catalyst which carries a phosphorus-oxygen chelate ligand, at a temperature of 20.degree. to 160.degree. C. and an ethylene pressure of 1 to 200 bar. Styrene derivatives extended with ethylene, of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.19 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, vinyl or chlorine and R.sup.38 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -acyl, flourine, chlorine or bromine andm assumes values of 4-104,with the exception of compounds wherein R.sup.19 denotes hydrogen and R.sup.38 denotes i-butyl or benzoyl, and m assumes the value 4, are new.