Abstract: Hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion process in which a feedstock is contacted with a non zeolitic molecular sieve which has been treated to remove most, if not all, of the halogen contained in the catalyst. The halogen may be removed by one of several methods. One method includes heating the catalyst in a low moisture environment, followed by contacting the heated catalyst with air and/or steam. Another method includes steam-treating the catalyst at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. The hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, the conversion of oxygenates and ammonia to alkylamines, the conversion of oxygenates and aromatic compounds to alkylated aromatic compounds, cracking and dewaxing.

Abstract: Alkenes, such as normal butenes in a mixed C4 stream are oligomerized, preferably to dimers, which are dimerized in a distillation column reactor over ZSM-57 zeolite catalyst at high conversions and high selectivity to octenes. Prior to oligomerization the mixed C4 stream is pretreated to remove dimethyl ether, butadienes and sulfur compounds.

Abstract: Butene oligomer derivatives having tert-butyl groups as one of the terminal groups, having a repeating unit of the main hydrocarbon chain consisting of 80% by mole or more of —CH2C(CH3)2—, and carrying the other terminal group consisting of 60% by mole or more of 1,4-butanediol type functional groups. These derivatives are useful as macromonomers which can be subjected to polycondensation, polyaddition, etc.

Abstract: A process for oligomerising alkenes having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms which comprises contacting a feedstock comprising a) one or several alkenes having x carbon atoms, and, b) optionally, one or several alkenes having y carbon atoms, x and y being different, with a catalyst containing a zeolite of the MFS structure type, under conditions to obtain selectively oligomeric product containing predominant amounts of certain oligomers. The process is carried out at a temperature comprised between 125 and 175° C. when the feedstock contains only alkenes with 3 carbon atoms and between 140 and 240° C., preferably between 140 and 200° C. when the feedstock contains comprises at least one alkene with 4 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-octene by reacting 1,3-butadiene with a telogen of the formula H—X—Y—H, where X is O, N, S or P and Y is C, N or Si and X and Y bear, depending on their valence, further substituents, in the presence of a telomerization catalyst to form a telomer of the formula H2C?CH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH?CH—CH2—X—Y—H, partially hydrogenating the telomer to form a 1-substituted 2-octene of the formula H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH?CH—CH2—X—Y—H and dissociating the 1-substituted 2-octene to give 1-octene.

Abstract: A liquid polymer suitable for use as a lubricant base oil is produced by polymerizing ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin using a metallocene catalyst to provide a polymer which is then isomerized and hydrogenated to produce the liquid polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity diisobutene by reaction of isobutene or isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures over a solid acidic ion-exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups whose protons have been partly replaced by metal ions and to the use of the diisobutene.

Abstract: For the selective production of propylene from an olefinic C4 fraction, a process is implemented that successively comprises: 1) the selective hydrogenation of butadiene with isomerization of butene-1 into butene-2; 2) the separation by distillation of a mixture that is rich in isobutene and butene-1 at the top and a fraction that is rich in butene-2 at the bottom; 3) the skeletal isomerization of isobutene into n-butenes on the top fraction, with recycling in stage 1; and 4) the metathesis of the butene-2-rich fraction with ethylene. The advantage of this process is to produce in a very selective way polymerization-quality propylene from all of the olefinic compounds of a C4 fraction, including isobutene.

Abstract: An oligomerization process in which hydrocarbon feedstocks are contacted with a hydrotreating catalyst in the absence of hydrogen and in the liquid phase. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst selected from supported reduced metals, metals oxides, metal sulfides and combinations thereof. Preferred catalysts include mixed nickel and molybdenum oxides or mixed cobalt and molybdenum oxides. The process also oligomerizes sulfur compounds so that sulfur containing feedstocks can be treated without deactivating the catalysts.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of ?4 or less. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: A process for the separation of diisobutylene from tertiary butyl alcohol utilizing pressure swing azeotropic distillation to achieve the desired separation. The pressure swing azeotropic distillation takes advantage of the fact that different azeotropes are formed at different pressures. Isobutylene in C4 streams is oligomerized in the presence of tertiary butyl alcohol to produce the diisobutylene. Tertiary butyl alcohol is present in the dimerization because it improves the selectivity to the dimer (diisobutylene) by suppressing further reaction to the trimer or higher. The diisobutylene is separated from the tertiary butyl alcohol utilizing two distillation columns. The first distillation is operated at a higher pressure than the second such that the minimum boiling azeotropes of tertiary butyl alcohol and diisobutylene have different concentrations of tertiary butyl alcohol. Diisobutylene is removed as bottoms from the first distillation column and unreacted C4's are removed as overheads at 60-130 psig.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein an olefinic feedstock is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in a catalytic distillation unit to produce a product having a higher number average molecular weight than the olefinic feedstock. That product is separated zone in the catalytic distillation unit into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction that includes hydrocarbons in a lube base stock range.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylene polymers by the high-pressure method comprises dissolving one or more free-radical initiators in one or more ketones of the formula I where R1 and R2 are identical or different and are selected from among C1-C6-alkyl and C3-C12-cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 may also be covalently linked to one another to form a 4- to 13-membered ring, prior to the polymerization, compressing the solution, metering it into the polymerization reactor at one or more points and subsequently carrying out the polymerization at from 150 to 380° C. and from 500 to 4500 bar.

Abstract: A process for selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated compounds that are contained in a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalytic reactor with a hydrogen-selective membrane is described. This process comprises a) the introduction of said feedstock that is co-mixed with hydrogen into a reaction zone of said reactor, b) the contact of hydrogen with the face that is upstream from said membrane, which is inorganic and porous, then c) the catalytic reaction of said feedstock with hydrogen that has selectively traversed the membrane.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylene polymers by the high-pressure method comprises dissolving one or more free-radical initiators in one or more ketones of the formula I 1

Abstract: A method for carrying out a catalysis reaction in carbon dioxide comprising contacting a fluid mixture with a catalyst bound to a polymer, the fluid mixture comprising at least one reactant and carbon dioxide, wherein the reactant interacts with the catalyst to form a reaction product. A composition of matter comprises carbon dioxide and a polymer and a reactant present in the carbon dioxide. The polymer has bound thereto a catalyst at a plurality of chains along the length of the polymer, and wherein the reactant interacts with the catalyst to form a reaction product.

Abstract: In process for the oligomerization of an alphaolefin, a carboxylic acid modifier, such as acetic acid, is used to increase the amount of trimer and tetramer in the product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1-octene by reacting 1,3-butadiene with a telogen of the formula H—X—Y—H, where X is O, N, S or P and Y is C, N or Si and X and Y bear, depending on their valence, further substituents, in the presence of a telomerization catalyst to form a telomer of the formula H2C═CH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH═CH—CH2—X—Y—H, partially hydrogenating the telomer to form a 1-substituted 2-octene of the formula H3C—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH═CH—CH2—X—Y—H and dissociating the 1-substituted 2-octene to give 1-octene.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein a highly paraffinic feedstock is dehydrogenated to produce an olefinic feedstock. That olefinic feedstock is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization zone to produce a product having a higher number average molecular weight than the olefinic feedstock. The product is separated into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction. The heavy product fraction comprises a lube base stock.

Abstract: A process for converting an olefin feed to hydrocarbons suitable for fuel components or their feedstock. According to the process, an olefin feed, possibly together with another hydrocarbon feed, is contacted in a reactor with a catalyst in order to produce a hydrocarbon having at least one alkyl side chain. In the invention, the olefin feed is contacted with a particle-form fluidized catalyst in a circulating-bed reactor, wherein the catalyst forms the circulating bed of the reactor. When the operation is carried out in a circulating-bed reactor, the retention time of the feedstock is short. In this case, iso-olefins are formed quite selectively from n-olefins in isomerization. Since the useful life of the catalyst lengthens while the catalytic activity of the bed remains high for a long time, the conversion level also remains high. A long useful life of the catalyst is an economically highly significant advantage.

Abstract: A process for the production of C8 alkenes with high selectivities to 2,4,4-trimethylpentene by the oligomerization of isobutene and/or n-butene at lower temperatures is disclosed. Higher proportions of heavy paraffins mixed with the butene feed in the oligomerization zone improve the selectivity to 2,4,4-trimethylpentene along with better selectivity to octene and lower selectivity to dodecene. Additionally, we have found that n-butene codimerizes with isobutene selectively to 2,4,4-trimethylpentene.

Abstract: The invention is a method and catalyst for selectively and efficiently producing short chain linear &agr;-olefins. The method includes contacting olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions with the catalyst composition which comprises a composition prepared in situ by reacting a nickel compound selected from the group consisting of halides, hydrides, triflates, acetates, borates, C1, through C12 alkyl, C1 through C12 alkoxy, C3 through C12 cycloalkyl, C3 through C12 cycloalkoxy, aryl, thiolates, carbon monoxide, cyanate, olefins including diolefins and cycloolefins, and any other moiety into which a monomer can insert and mixtures thereof, with an amine ligand wherein said ligand is a nitrogen-containing ligand having one or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: This invention is to a method of oligomerizing an olefin feed stream. The olefin feed stream contains at least one C2 to C12 olefin to obtain an olefin feed stream and has from about 1,000 ppm to about 10 percent by weight oxygenated hydrocarbon. The olefin is oligomerized by contacting with an acid based oligomerization catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic support includes a substantial quantity of at least one SVI group Periodic Table metal oxide in which is incorporated silica. The mass ratio between the quantity of SVI group metal oxide and the quantity of silica it contains ranges between 5 and 70, the SVI group metal oxide is in crystalline form, and the specific surface of the support is greater than or equal to 160 m2/g.

Abstract: A reactant selected from the group consisting of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes, and aromatics is reacted with a halide selected from the group including chlorine, bromine, and iodine to form a first reaction product. The first reaction product is reacted with a solid oxidizer to form a product selected from the group including olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes, and spent oxidizer. The spent oxidizer is oxidized to form the original solid oxidizer and the second reactant which are recycled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of making an olefin derivative from a dilute olefin feed. Dilute olefin is sent to an olefin reaction unit to form an olefin derivative product. The olefin derivative product is recovered from the reaction unit while a vent stream is also removed. Olefin is separated from the vent stream, and the olefin is sent to the olefin reaction unit for additional processing.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isobutene wherein tertiary butyl alcohol is used to enhance the selectivity of the catalyst to the dimer is disclosed wherein the tertiary butyl alcohol is removed from the diisobutene product by water wash. The water/TBA stream is then subjected to reextraction to remove the TBA for recycle to the dimerization reactor. The dimerization is preferably carried out in a reactor wherein the pressure is controlled to maintain the reaction mixture at is boiling point. Additional dimerization is carried out in a distillation column reactor that acts as a debutanizer to separate the unreacted isobutene form the product and the tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: In the ruthenium complexes of the general formula A or B, 1

Abstract: A polyalkylene carbonate, an alternating copolymer, may be prepared by the ring opening of an alkene oxide or an alkene oxide precursor in the presence of carbon dioxide or any substance delivering carbon oxide, in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising a metal-organic framework material, wherein said framework material comprises pores and a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic compound, said bidentate organic compound being coordinately bound to the metal ion.

Abstract: A process for the co-oligomerization of 1-dodecene and 1-decene to produce a polyalphaolefin having a kinetic viscosity of 4 to 6 cSt at 100° C., a Noack weight loss of 4 to 9%, a viscosity index of 130 to 145, and a pour point of −60° C. to −50° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for dimerizing olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, to hydrocarbon compositions and to fuel components produced by the process. According to the invention, fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is fed to a reaction zone of a system including at least one reaction zone and at least one distillation zone. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with an acidic catalyst in the presence of an oxygenate at conditions in which at least a part of the olefins dimerizes. The effluent from the reaction zone is conducted to the distillation zone where dimerized reaction product is separated from effluent, and at least one flow comprising oxygenate is withdrawn from the side of at least one distillation column. The flow is circulated from distillation zone back to dimerization. The reaction mixture is recovered and optionally hydrogenated to form a parafinic reaction product.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising A) a stationary acid component selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated ion exchange polymer on an inert support, a silane modified perfluorosulfonic acid, and a sulfated metal oxide; and B) a mobile acid component selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, a fluorinated monosulfonic acid, a fluorinated sulfonimide, a fluorinated disulfonic acid, and an adjunct acid mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for oligomerizing ethylene, in particular to 1-hexene, is obtained by mixing at least one chromium carboxylate characterized in that it also contains a free carboxylic acid in a set proportion, with at least one aryloxy compound of an element M selected from the group formed by magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, with general formula M(RO)2-nXn in which RO is an aryloxy radical containing 6 to 80 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom or a hydrocarbyl radical containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms and n is a whole number that can take the values 0 or 1, and with at least one hydrocarbylaluminum compound selected from the group formed by tris(hydrocarbyl)-aluminum compounds, chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbylaluminum compounds and aluminoxanes.

Abstract: In a process for preparing essentially unbranched oligomers of alkenes having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms starting from the alkenes or a hydrocarbon stream comprising such alkenes over a nickel-containing heterogeneous catalyst in an adiabatically operated reactor at from 20 to 300° C. and pressures of from 1 to 100 bar, a first substream of the output from the reactor is worked up to isolate the oligomers and the second substream is recirculated together with fresh alkene or a fresh hydrocarbon stream comprising such alkenes to the reactor.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst formulation which exhibits extended catalyst life. The formulation comprises a mixture of a ceramic foam material uniformly interspersed between the solid catalyst particles, with the volume percent of ceramic material in the mixture preferably ranging from 20 to 60 volume %. The catalyst formulation is particularly applicable to solid catalyst particles comprised of a phosphoric acid impregnated substrate, and is particularly useful for processes such as catalytic hydrocarbon condensation processes.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oligomer oil by the polymerization of a feedstock containing one or more C3 to C20 1-olefins in the presence of a solid unsupported metallocene- and activator-containing catalyst system which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of the soluble metallocene- and activator-containing catalyst system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an ethylenic oligomer which comprises subjecting ethylene to oligomerization reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a Ziegler based catalyst, and recyclingly using for the oligomerization reaction, the organic solvent separated by distilling the resultant oligomerization reaction product, wherein the water concentration in the oligomerization reaction system is at most 8 ppm by weight, or the concentration of olefins which have at least 3 carbon atoms and which are contained in the organic solvent to be recycled in the oligomerization reaction system is at most 2% by weight. The process of the present invention can maintain the catalytic activity of the catalyst at a high level.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for oligomerizing olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions to form higher olefins. The novel method comprises contacting a feed comprising the olefinic monomers with a catalyst composition comprising the reaction product of: (a) a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of M[S2C2(RaRb)]2 and M[S2C6(R1R2R3R4)]2, wherein M is a late transition metal, Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected and may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, electron-withdrawing groups and unsubstituted and substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (b) an activating cocatalyst. The improved method advantageously relates to oligomerizing olefinic monomers from feed streams having contaminants, especially sulfur-containing contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing high reactive polybutene (HRPB) in which carbon-carbon double bond is positioned at an end of polybutene. The method produces polybutene having 300˜5000 of number average molecular weight (Mn) from (a) isobutene, (b) C4 hydrocarbon compounds derived from cracking of naphtha, and containing more than 10 weight % of isobutene, and (c) C4 hydrocarbon compounds derived from a refining process of crude oil or from catalytic cracking of heavy gas oil, and containing more than 10 weight % of isobutene by using catalyst comprising secondary alkylether, tertiary alcohol, and boron trifluoride.

Abstract: Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonites, are activated by contacting the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration and then drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form an activated bentonite catalyst. This activated bentonite catalyst may be used to polymerize a vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomer. In a further embodiment, a perflourinated amine or diamine is synthesized by contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration, drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite, and absorbing a secondary amine with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form a perflouroamide iodide salt. The perflouramide idodide salt can then be extracted with a polar solvent and neutralized by the use of a basic solution.

Abstract: Ethylene and/or propylene are polymerized to form highly branched, liquid polymers by contacting ethylene and/or propylene monomer, in the presence of an inert reaction medium, with a catalyst system which comprises (1) an alkyl aluminum component, (2) an aluminum or gallium trihalide component, and, optionally, (3) a Group 4 metallocene dihalide component.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a composition comprising the formula LMX(X′)n wherein n equals 0 or 1; X and X′ are independently selected from the group consisting of halides, hydride, triflate, acetates, borates, C1 through C12 alkyl, C1 through C12 alkoxy, C3 through C12 cycloalkyl, C3 through C12 cycloalkoxy, aryl, thiolates, carbon monoxide, cyanate, olefins, and any other moiety into which a monomer can insert; M is selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, and platinum and L is a nitrogen-containing bidentate ligand with more than two nitrogen atoms. The composition possesses a tetrahedral or pseudo-tetrahedral structure. The invention also provides a method for using the composition in conjunction with an activating cocatalyst to form short chain &agr;-olefins.

Abstract: A catalytic method is provided for a ring-opening cross-metathesis reaction between a cycloolefinic substrate and a second olefinic reactant, wherein the catalyst used is a transition metal alkylidene complex substituted with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The substrates are selected so that the rate of the cross-metathesis reaction of the second olefinic reactant, kCM, is greater than or equal to the rate of the ring-opening metathesis reaction, kRO. In this way, the predominant ROCM product is a monomer, dimer, and/or oligomer, but not a polymer. The invention additionally provides for selective production of an end-differentiated olefinic product, using trisubstituted cycloolefins as substrates and/or a subsequent cross-metathesis reaction following an initial ROCM step. The cycloolefinic substrates include low-strain olefins such as cyclohexene as well as higher strain olefins such as cyclooctene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to poly &agr;-olefins (PAO's) which exhibit superior Noack volatility at low pour points. Mixtures of 1-decene and 1-dodecene are polymerized using an alcohol promoted BF3 in conjunction with a combination of cocatalysts. The reaction mixture is distilled to remove the unreacted monomeric and dimeric species. The resulting product is then hydrogenated to saturate the oliogomers to provide a hydrogenated product which has a viscosity of 5 cSt. This product is distilled to provide PAO's of varying viscosity grades. The 4 cSt PAO is comprised mostly of trimers and tetramers while the 6 cSt product is comprised of trimers, tetramers, and pentamers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins CH2═CHR in which R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-12 carbon atoms, comprising Mg, Ti, halogen and an electron donor selected from substituted succinates of a particular formula. Said catalyst components when used in the polymerization of olefins, and in particular of propylene, are capable to give polymers in high yields and with high isotactic index expressed in terms of high xylene insolubility.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of ethylene to a mixture of olefinic products having high linearity is provided, by using a catalyst comprising a reaction product of a simple divalent nickel salt; a boron hydride reducing agent; a water soluble base; a ligand selected from an o-dihydrocarbylphosphinobenzoic acid and alkali metal salt thereof; and, a phosphite.

Abstract: Boron trifluoride can be recovered in a reusable state by a method that is economical and does not cause environmental pollution, which method comprises the steps of bringing a fluid containing boron trifluoride or its complex into contact with metal fluoride so as to selectively adsorb and remove boron trifluoride in the complex and heating the resultant metal tetrafluoroborate at a temperature in the range of 100 to 600° C. to separate it into boron trifluoride and metal fluoride. By applying the method to a process for producing polybutene or olefin oligomer using boron trifluoride complex catalyst, the catalyst can be recovered with retaining its activity and reused effectively.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of −4 or less. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: An oligomerization process for the production of higher aliphatic olefins is disclosed. In the process, a liquid oligomerization feed stream comprising lighter aliphatic olefins is passed to a reactor vessel. The liquid oligomerization feed stream is transported upwardly in the reactor vessel against gravity through a fixed bed of solid oligomerization catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst has a Hammett acidity value of −4 or less. A liquid saturate stream comprising paraffins is passed into contact with the feed stream and the catalyst. A liquid oligomerization effluent stream is recovered comprising the paraffins and product higher aliphatic olefins.

Abstract: A process for preparing very high viscosity polyalphaolefins using an acidic ionic liquid oligomerization catalyst in the absence of an organic diluent and the products formed thereby.