Abstract: Medium-chain olefins containing as impurities 2-alkyl substituted isomers having a close boiling point are purified by (i) passing over a solid acid catalyst under mild conditions to selectively double-bond isomerise said impurities, and (ii) separating said isomerised olefins by distillation.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a catalyst is provided which is represented by the formula ?RC(YR').sub.2 !.sub.2 CrX, wherein R and R' are individually selected from the group consisting of carbyl and carbylsilyl groups; Y is N, C or P; and X is a halogen, halogen alkyl, Si, alkylsilyl or a carbyl group. Also provided is a process for preparing the catalyst and an oligomerization process employing the catalyst. The process produces linear alpha-olefins with low amounts of polymer, vinylidine and isomerized olefins.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for preparing .alpha.-olefin oligomers, which comprises carrying out oligomerization of an .alpha.-olefin in a solvent by reacting said .alpha.-olefin in a chromium-based catalyst system composed of a combination of at least a chromium compound, an amine or metal amide, and an alkylaluminum compound, in a contacting mode that the chromium compound and the alkylaluminum compound are not previously contacted with each other.

Abstract: An oligomerization of .alpha.-olefins is carried out in a solvent using a chromium-based catalyst system comprising at least (a) a chromium compound, (b) at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from amines, amides and imides, and (c) an alkylaluminum compound, and the catalyst components and by-product polymers are recovered simultaneously from the reaction solution. Such process is an industrially advantageous process for producing .alpha.-olefin oligomers by using a chromium-based catalyst, and is simple and capable of efficiently recovering the by-product polymers and the catalyst components simultaneously.

Abstract: Alpha-olefins enriched in 1-hexene are prepared by oligomerizing ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) a chromium complex containing a coordinating polydentate ligand and, (b) an aluminoxane, in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Ethylene is effectively oligomerized to linear alpha-olefins using catalyst systems based on transition metal compounds. It has been found that when the reaction is conducted in a polar organic liquid as solvent, incorporation of water into the solvent at levels of 1 to 10 weight percent increases alpha-olefin purity and also influences the Schulz-Flory distribution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing olefin having a terminal double bond by trimerizing at least one monomer selected from a group consisting of ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene, which comprises using a catalyst comprising a product prepared from(1) component (A): a chromium compound represented by the formula ?1!CrXmYn ?1!wherein X represents carboxylic acid residue, 1,3-diketone residue, halogen atom or alkoxyl group, Y represents amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, nitrosyl group or ether, m means an integer of from 2 to 4 and n means an integer of from 0 to 4,component (B): a heterocyclic compound having a pyrrole ring unit or an imidazole ring unit, andcomponent (C): an aluminum compound represented by the formula ?2!AlR.sub.k Z.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the converting ethylene to a mixture of 1-olefins by (a) feeding ethylene through an oligomerization catalyst bed to form an oligomer predominating in C2-C6 olefins and (b) feeding the oligomer, optionally admixed with fresh ethylene, containing at least 50% by volume ethylene, through a metathesis catalyst bed to form a product predominating in C2-C6 1-olefins. Steps (a) and (b) can be carried out sequentially and in a single reactor under the same conditions of reaction temperature and pressure. This mitigates the perceived disadvantages of low activity and low conversions of relatively inexpensive oligomerization catalysts and forms oligomer having the desired distribution of 1-olefin components for use as comonomer in a polyolefin process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oligomers which are used in synthetic lubricant base stocks. The oligomers are prepared by contacting a mixture of linear olefins and n-paraffins contained in cracked refinery streams having 6 to 24 carbon atoms with activated Y-zeolites. The oligomers and unreacted monomers are subjected to the step of hydrogenation and the lower saturated paraffins are separated therefrom to produce synthetic lubricant base stock.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing liquid ethylene-type random copolymers by copolymerizing ethylene and a C.sub.3 --C.sub.2 O alpha-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumoxane and a stereorigid metallocene compound described by the formula:R"(CpR.sub.5)(CpR'.sub.5)MeQ.sub.2wherein each Cp is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl ring; each R and R' is the same or different and is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-20 carbon atoms or two R or two R' together form a hydrocarbyl radical having 2-20 carbon atoms; R" is a structural bridge between the two Cp rings imparting stereorigidity to the compound; Me is a transition metal of Group IVb of the periodic table; and each Q is a hydrocarbyl radical having 1-20 carbon atoms or is a halogen. A portion of the alumoxane may be replaced with an alkylaluminum.

Abstract: In a process for the oligomerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenes, an alkene-containing feedstock having a water content of from 0.05 to 0.25 molar %, based on the hydrocarbon content of the feedstock, is passed over a zeolite catalyst. Improved alkene conversion and catalyst life are obtained compared to processes in which non-hydrated feedstocks are used.

Abstract: A solid state insoluble salt catalyst system for the carbocationic polymerization of olefin monomer in the presence of a polar or non-polar reaction medium, which comprises (a) solid state catalyst component comprising at least one salt of a strong acid and a carbocationically active transition metal selected from Groups III A, IV A, V A and VI A of the Periodic Table of Elements, wherein said salt is insoluble in the reaction medium; and (b) cocatalyst component effective for promoting the carbocationic polymerization.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomer is prepared by contacting an alpha-olefin monomer which contains from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst system comprising boron trifluoride, a protic promoter, and an organic sulfone, sulfoxide, carbonate, thiocarbonate, or sulfonate. Oligomer containing as much as 50% or more of dimer can be produced at high conversions, at modest reaction temperatures, and in acceptably short reaction periods.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing or copolymerizing .alpha.-olefin in a vapor phase condition by supplying to a reactor a catalyst composed of a solid catalyst component containing at least titanium and/or vanadium as well as magnesium and an organic aluminum compound wherein the current due to the electric charge transferred from polymer particles electrified to an electrode disposed at a position where sheet-like polymers will be produced in a reactor, as a result of contact of the polymer particles in the reactor with the electrode is determined, and the polymerization or copolymerization is carried out under such condition where the mean value of current is zero or a positive value. As a result, it becomes possible to prevent production of sheet-like polymers and to stably continue the reaction for polymerization.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomers are prepared by a process which comprises contacting an oligomerizable olefin monomer with a catalyst system comprising a catalytic amount of boron trifluoride, a protic promoter, and an organic modifier selected from the group consisting of phosphate, thiophosphate, phosphine oxide, and phosphine sulfide. The oligomerizable olefin monomer is a C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 linear olefin comprising at least 50 mole % alpha olefin.

Abstract: An amorphous, micro/mesoporous silica-alumina gel with controlled pore size, having a surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /g and with a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of at least 30:1, is prepared by hydrolysing and causing a tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxide, an aluminum trialkoxide, and a tetra-alkyl orthosilicate to gelate, by operating at a temperature equal to, or higher than, the boiling temperature, under atmospheric pressure, of any alcohols which are developed as a by-product from said hydrolysis reaction, without said alcohols being removed, or being substantially removed, from the reaction media; and the so produced gel being dried and fired. So obtained gel is an active catalyst in hydrocarbon conversion reactions, in particular in light olefin isomerization and oligomerization processes, e.g., in propylene oligomerization processes to yield useful liquid hydrocarbons for gasoline and jet fuel formulation.

Abstract: There is provided a catalytic oligomerization process. The process involves the use of a catalyst comprising an acidic solid. The acidic solid may comprise a Group IVB metal oxide, such as zirconia, modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal, such as tungsten. The oligomers produced by this process may be hydrogenated to produce thermally stable lubricants and lubricant additives, gasoline and diesel.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for dimerization, co-dimerization and oligomerization of olefins, in particular .alpha.-olefins, with a catalytic composition resulting from a mixing at least one tungsten oxyhalide, at least one aryl isocyanate of diisocyanate, and at least one alkylaluminum halide.

Abstract: Novel homopolymer and copolymer compositions produced from the polymerization of non-conjugated dienes have been discovered. The novel compositions are produced by an equally novel process comprising cyclopolymerization of non-conjugated dienes employing reduced valence state Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support. The preferred catalyst comprises carbon monoxide reduced chromium on silica. Copolymers are formed by copolymerization of non-conjugated dienes with 1-alkenes in contact with the activated chromium on silica catalyst. The compositions are useful as lubricants and additives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of a solid free-radical forming initiator, a plant for the preparation, an initiator suspension and use of the suspension in polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The process for the preparation of the suspension comprises the steps of:(a) heating the initiator to its melting point;(b) finely dividing the initiator in water while it is in a molten state;(c) rapid cooling so that the initiator is in a molten state for a period of time which is less than about 5 minutes.The initiator suspension has very small particles and a narrow particle size distribution whereby at least 50% by weight of the particles are smaller than 5 .mu.m and at least 90% by weight of the particles are smaller than 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A process is provided to stabilize and/or reactivate an olefin production catalyst system which comprises contacting an olefin production catalyst system, either before or after use, with an aromatic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the oligomerization of lower alpha olefins, and particularly ethylene, to higher olefins in the presence of a catalyst precursor having either or both of a dithiophosphinate complex and a heterobifunctional ligand having a phosphine center and an imine or similar center, in the presence of an activator. The catalysts have a high reactivity and a good selectivity.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing an .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a specific chromium compound including chromium atom and pyrrolyl group and an alkylaluminum compound, wherein the .alpha.-olefin is contacted to the chromium compound and the alkylaluminum compound without preliminarily contacting the chromium compound to either the .alpha.-olefin or the alkylaluminum compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing hyperpure propylene (co)polymers comprising polymerizing the monomer(s) in liquid monomer in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting an Al-trialkyl compound with a solid catalyst component comprising magnesium dihalide in active form, having supported thereon a titanium chloride or chloroalcoholate, and an ether having the general formula: ##STR1## where R and R" are the same or different and are C.sub.2-18 alkyl, C.sub.3-18 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-18 aryl, C.sub.7-18 arylalkyl or alkylaryl radicals.

Abstract: Ethylene is trimerized to form 1-hexene by using a catalyst comprising an aluminoxane and polydentate phosphine, arsine, and/or stibine coordination complex of a chromium salt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalytic composition and a process for the dimerisation, codimerisation or oligomerisation of olefins, said composition comprising a mixture of at least one bivalent nickel complex which contains two tertiary phosphine molecules, at least one nickel complex which contains neither water nor phosphine, and at least one alkylaluminium halide. The mixture is particularly for use in ionic type non aqueous liquid compositions, such as those formed by quaternary ammonium halides and/or quaternary phosphonium halides with aluminium halides and/or alkylaluminium halides.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the dimerization, co-dimerization and oligomerization of olefins with a catalytic composition resulting from mixing at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide, at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and optionally an aluminium organometallic compound.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the dimerization of norbornene and/or norbornadiene using a reduced valence state Group VIB metal oxide as the catalyst, preferably Cr(II) on a porous support such as silica. The product norbornene dimer or norbornadiene dimer is obtained in high yield and high stereospecificity at greater than 90 weight percent of the exo-trans-exo stereoisomer. The norbornene dimer is useful as a high energy density fuel. The norbornadiene dimer can be further functionalized to yield novel chemical intermediates or polymerized or copolymerized with other olefins. The norbornadiene dimer can also be hydrogenated for high energy fuel applications.

Abstract: Methane is converted into higher hydrocarbon products by oxidative coupling, by bringing a gaseous mixture containing methane and oxygen into contact with a solid catalyst formed from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, a lanthanide oxide plus possibly lithium oxide, wherein:the lithium content is between 0 and 0.20 wt %,the calcium/magnesium atomic ratio is between 0.08 and 0.7, andthe (calcium+magnesium)/lanthanide atomic ratio is between 0.8/1 and 8/1, and preferably between 2/1 and 4/1.

Abstract: A catalyst, which is active in the oligomerization of olefins is an X-ray-amorphous silica-alumina-nickel oxide gel having an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of from 30/1 to 500/1, and NiO/SiO.sub.2 molar ratio of from 0.001/1 to 0.01/1, a superficial area of from 500 m.sup.2 /g to 1.000 m.sup.2 /g, and a porosity of from 0.3 ml/g to 0.6 ml/g, the means pore diameter being 1 nm (10 Angstrom), and devoid of pores having a diameter over 3 nm (30 Angstrom). The catalyst selectively dimerizes isobutene into alpha- and beta-isobutene and oligomerizes propylene into its relative dimers and trimers. A process is described for preparing the silica-alumina-nickel oxide gel.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing an .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a specific chromium compound including chromium atom and pyrrolyl group and an alkylaluminum compound, wherein the .alpha.-olefin is contacted to the chromium compound and the alkylaluminum compound without preliminarily contacting the chromium compound to either the .alpha.-olefin or the alkylaluminum compound.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the polymerization of polyolefins, in which .alpha.-olefins are polymerized in the presence of a catalyst system composed of: the solid catalyst component (A) obtained by reacting a magnesium compound with oxygen-containing organic compounds of a transition metal, aluminum and silicon, followed by further reacting with a halogenated organoaluminum compound, and the catalyst component (B) comprising of organoaluminum compound and/or organoaluminoxane compound. The catalyst system of this invention provides polymers having an excellent particle form and the molecular weight distribution being easily controlled in a wide range, in high activity, and copolymers having a narrow composition distribution range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethene to a product rich in isobutylene comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 zeolite whose surface has been at least partially deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by a) coking or b) chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent, e.g., collidine, which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the catalytic oligomerization of light olefins, such as ethylene or propylene. Higher hydrocarbons, such as gasoline grade hydrocarbons, are produced from the light olefins using a liquid catalyst which comprises a Lewis acid and a Lewis base component which forms with the Lewis acid a melt which is liquid at room temperature. The Lewis acid is a metal halide, such as aluminum trichloride and the Lewis base is an organic salt, such as an organic halide salt containing an N-heterocyclic ring or salts containing fully substituted onium ions.

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous catalytic oligomerization of norbornene comprising the steps of reacting norborene in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization conditions to evolve a product containing norbornene oligomers.

Abstract: There is provided an oligomerization process. The process involves the use of a catalyst comprising an acidic solid. The acidic solid may comprise a Group IVB metal oxide, such as zirconia, modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal, such as tungsten. The oligomers produced by this process may be hydrogenated to produce thermally stable lubricants and lubricant additives.

Abstract: Hexenes are produced when propylene is catalytically converted under moderate conditions over chosen small pore zeolite catalysts having small 10-membered ring openings. These chosen catalysts are ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, and ZSM-48. They are unexpectedly effective to dimerize a substantially ethylene-free propylene-rich stream to form mainly hexene isomers, a major portion of which isomers are tert-isohexenes, without making a substantial amount of trimer or other byproducts. The feed is preferably at least 60% by weight, the remainder being alkanes, mainly propane, and the olefins being limited to less than 5 mol % ethylene and less than 5 mol %, preferably less than 2 mol %, of C.sub.4.sup.=+ (mainly butenes). Because propane in the feed is essentially unaffected, plural reactors in series may be used to avoid recycling unreacted propylene with propane to the dimerization reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups supported on an inert carrier having a hydrophobic surface with a mean pore diameter of at least 1000 .ANG.. Use of this catalyst provides improved hydrocarbon conversion processes for oligomerization of olefins, hydration of olefins and hydrolysis of esters.

Abstract: An oligomer is made by contacting a straight-chain, .alpha.-olefinic monomer with boron trifluoride and a hydroxy carbonyl promoter. The hydroxy carbonyl is preferably a .beta.-hydroxy-ketone, such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. A second promoter can be used in conjunction with the boron trifluoride and the hydroxy carbonyl promoter. Possible secondary promoters include aldehydes, alcohols, alcohol alkoxylates, carboxylic acids, ethers, ketones, and their mixtures. Preferably the oligomer product has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than 1.7 cSt; has a dimer to trimer and higher oligomer ratio of at least 1:1; and is at least 90 wt. % dimer and trimer of the monomer.

Abstract: Organic aluminoxy compounds are prepared by reacting an organo boronic acid with a trihydrocarbyl aluminum compound. The resulting products are suitable as components for catalyst systems for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process for making an .alpha.-olefin oligomer comprises contacting a C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefin monomer with a catalyst which includes boron trifluoride, a protic promotor and a polyether.

Abstract: A soluble highly reactive form of calcium, prepared from Ca(II) salts and a reducing agent in ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvents, is presented. This form of calcium can be used in the preparation of organocalcium reagents. The organocalcium reagents resulting from the reaction of the soluble highly reactive calcium with organic compounds containing either halide, cyanide, a 1,3-diene, or a polyunsaturated functionality, are stable, useful reagents for organic synthesis. The organocalcium halide reagents undergo Grignard-type reactions. They also undergo reactions with Cu(I) salts to form organocalcium cuprate reagents. The organocalcium cuprate reagents undergo a variety of cross-coupling reactions. The soluble highly reactive calcium reacts with 1,3-dienes to yield the corresponding 2-butene-1,4-diylcalcium complexes. These bis-organocalcium reagents can undergo dialkylation reactions with .alpha.,.omega.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of lubricating oils having a viscosity index of at least 120 and a pour point of at least -45.degree. C. by (a) oligomerizing a mixture of C5-C20 1-olefins comprising at least 2.6% w/w of 1-decene and at least 6% w/w of 1-hexene in the presence of a catalyst. The lubricating oil so formed may be hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen to improve the oxidation stability thereof. The process is particularly suited to olefins feeds produced during a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed over a heated catalyst.

Abstract: A process for a shape selective hydrocarbon conversion such as toluene disproportionation, involves contacting a reaction stream under conversion conditions with a catalytic molecular sieve which has been preselectivated by agglomerating with an organosilicon compound. The invention also includes a method for agglomeration-preselectivation and the shape selective catalyst which results from the agglomeration preselectivation.

Abstract: A method for preparing ethane and ethylene by reacting methane or a methane-containing natural gas in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, i.e., by partially oxidizing, at a temperature of 500.degree. through 1000.degree. C. using shellfishes or shells as a catalyst is disclosed. The oxidation coupling reaction of methane is controlled so as to remarkably increase the conversion ratio of methane and the selectivity of C.sub.2.sup.+ compounds. The waste matter abundantly released from food industries as well as easily accessible natural resources is used as a raw material of a catalyst for the reaction. The present method is extremely useful from the viewpoint of the recycling of waste as well.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dimer of a lower .alpha.-olefin in the presence of Catalyst (A) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound and a sulfur compound, Catalyst (B) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a fluorinated isopropyl alcohol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, or Catalyst (C) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, by which method, the dimer of the lower .alpha.-olefin is prepared in a high yield and high selectivity.

Abstract: A flegmatizer, which is an oligomer of styrene or of styrene and at least one comonomer, is admixed with an organic peroxide to reduce the heat- and/or shock-sensitivity of the peroxide. The resulting composition can be employed to polymerize olefinic monomers.

Abstract: Process for oligomerizing ethylene into light alpha olefins, mainly 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-decene, in which the ethylene is contacted with a catalyst obtained by mixing a zirconium compound with an organic compound chosen from within the class of acetals and ketals and with a chlorine or bromine-containing compound of aluminum hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the metathesis of olefins which comprises reacting an olefin of the formula YCZ.dbd.CZ--(CX.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.2 (II) whereinn is an integer from 1 to 28,X represents H or F,Y represents H or alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms andZ represents H or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents H, alkyl, halogen, COOR.sup.3 or OR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent alkyl having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or contains from 1 to 3 substituents or wherein R.sup.4 is trialkylsilyl R.sup.5 Si, wherein R.sup.5 represents alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at a catalyst comprising an oxidic carrier charged with a rhenium compound as defined hereinbefore.