Abstract: Disclosed herein is a marine propulsion device comprising a combustion chamber, an exhaust passage, an air pump and a three-way catalytic converter. The air pump pumps air into the exhaust passage at or immediately upstream of the catalytic converter. By this construction the internal combustion engine can be run slightly rich, but the catalytic converter will see a close to stoichiometric mixture so that the pollutants in the exhaust stream can be oxidized or reduced appropriately since the catalytic converter will be able to operate as a three-way catalytic converter.

Abstract: The design and construction of past exhaust port liners with heat insulation capabilities have become more complicated and costly or have incurred increased associated costs for utilizing the invention. The present invention overcomes these problems by utilizing a simple exhaust port liner and seal assembly for an internal combustion engine. The exhaust port liner and seal assembly includes a member which has a flange and a body extending from the flange. The flange is mounted between a cylinder head and an exhaust manifold and the body extends into an exhaust port. The member terminates at an annular lip in close proximity to a cylindrical wall of the exhaust port to form an enclosed space between the lip and the flange. A sealing means surrounds the flange between the cylinder head and the exhaust manifold to seal exhaust gas within the exhaust port before entering the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: A manifold of an engine has a liner, a housing and an insulating element covering and extending about the liner between the liner and the housing. The external surface of the housing is free of insulating elements. The insulating element is quilted and has ceramic fiber encased within fiberglass.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe assembly is provided for achieving a quick light-off of a catalytic converter. Exhaust pipe assembly comprises circuitously bent inner and outer pipes disposed in generally concentric relationship to one another. The inner pipe is formed from a very thin metal to provide a low thermal mass and a correspondingly low heat dissipation therefrom. The outer pipe is thicker to provide structural support, and defines an air insulation barrier around the inner pipe to further reduce heat dissipation. The inner pipe is corrugated at selected locations that will correspond to bends in the circuitous exhaust pipe assembly. The thin-walled locally corrugated inner pipe is then inserted into the outer pipe, and the assembly is bent into the required configuration. The corrugations support the inner and outer pipe relative to one another during the bending process and during use. The bent pipe assembly then is connected to the catalytic converter for subsequent mounting to vehicle engine.

Abstract: A low thermal capacitance exhaust pipe has a plurality of sections connected by an expansion joint to relieve thermal stress.

Abstract: A casting for conducting high temperature gases, such as an internal combustion engine cylinder head having to pass combustion exhaust gases therethrough, and a method of manufacturing the same wherein the casting includes a main body portion and a high strength steel exhaust port liner with a heat insulating chamber therebetween filled with hollow ceramic particles. The liner is cast in place thereby affixing the liner to the casting by means of diffusion bonding during the casting of the cast article. The liner and a low heat conductivity insulation blanket of hollow ceramic particles surrounding the liner and an annular steel ring, which serves as a thermally expanding seal between the casting and liner which also allows axial displacement between the casting and liner, are all provided as a unitary mold core prior to the casting of the cast article.

Abstract: A multiple cylinder internal combustion cylinder block having a cast exhaust manifold means integrally cast with the block is disclosed. The manifold means includes manifold port portions that communicate with the cylinder bores, and an expansion slot is provided in the manifold port portions adjacent the cylindrical bores to relieve stress that tends to distort the cylindrical bores of the block.

Abstract: An exhaust port liner assembly for use in a cylinder head of a vehicle engine composed of spaced inner and outer tubular metal shells having a mass of heat insulating material within the spaced shells and a gasket within the said spaced shells adjacent the outlet port. A metal cylinder head is cast around the spaced inner and outer shells while a removable insert is positioned within the spaced shells adjacent the outlet port. After casting of the metal cylinder head, the insert is removed and replaced by a gasket member.

Abstract: An engine part with a cast main body and a manifold type ceramic liner which is cast in the main body to define a manifold type exhaust passage therein, the ceramic liner including a hollow cylindrical liner body and a plurality of cylinder members branched from the liner body, a through portion being provided at a branched area of the ceramic liner for communicating inside and outside of the ceramic liner at which area adjacent cylinder members are branched apart, the through portion being filled with a molten metal at the time of casting the main body.

Abstract: A composite ceramic and metal article having a thermal insulating component formed of single phase magnesium stabilized aluminum titanate and an in situ cast structural component formed of a high melting temperature metallic material. The composite article is particularly useful as exhaust port and manifold structures in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A cover for insulating exhaust systems of internal combustion engines comprising a tubular shaped layer of insulating material circumscribingly engaging the exhaust system and a flexible metal sleeve for protecting the insulating material and holding the insulating material against the exhaust system. The present invention is held in place using mechanic's wire or steel tie wraps such as a hose clamp. The present invention can also be varied for use in retrofitting existing exhaust systems. In this manner, the insulating layer and flexible metal sleeve are made of sheet material which can be wrapped around the installed exhaust system without necessitating removal of the system.

Abstract: Insulating the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion exhaust system by sliding a flexible insulated tube over the exhaust pipe. The tube comprises concentrically arranged inner and outer corrugated stainless steel tubes, with the annulus between the corrugated tubes filled with refractory fiber insulation. The wall thickness of the corrugated tubes is in the range of 0.002 inch and 0.004 inch, which provides the insulated tube with sufficient flexibility to be trained over the angled portions of the exhaust pipe. The contact between the corrugations and the pipe assists in holding the insulated tube in place. The inner tube may extend beyond the outer tube and be flared back to the outer tube to enclose the insulation and facilitate movement of the insulated tube over the exhaust pipe. Alternatively, the insulation may also be sealed by end caps.

Abstract: An improved internal combustion engine, particularly of the compression ignition, two cycle, aircraft type employing sleeve valves and a modular cylinder and removable cylinder head and retainer. The engine is turbocharged with the turbocharger separated into the compressor on one side of a V shaped cylinder array and the drive turbine on the opposite side. The exhaust is discharged through the center of the power output shaft making this engine particularly suited for pusher aircraft applications.

Abstract: An exhaust apparatus for a combustion equipment comprises an exhaust liner which includes a tubular member. The tubular member is formed by weaving or braiding a SiC fiber. A SiC is infiltrated thereinto out of the inner wall portion of the tubular member by the CVD method, thus obtaining an exhaust liner including a SiC Fiber/CVD - SiC composite. The density of SiC is greater in the inner wall of the exhaust liner than in the outer wall thereof.

Abstract: A marine engine exhaust system and method utilizes first and second enclosed, generally tubular chambers having generally parallel lengthwise dimensions and internal intermediatae exhaust passageways spaced along the lengthwise dimension of the second chamber for circulating the exhaust gases through the first chamber, laterally through the intermediate exhaust passageways into the second chamber, along the lengthwise dimension of the second chamber and thence out of an outlet exhaust passageway which passes through the second chamber wall and may also extend through a cooling water-collecting portion of the first chamber to achieve maximum muffling of the exhaust gas noise.

Abstract: A heat insulating ceramic insert-cast article for an internal combustion engine, comprising a ceramic liner and a metallic member enclosing an outer periphery of the ceramic liner. The ceramic liner is adapted to contact exhaust gases. A joint boundary between the ceramic liner and the metallic member is constituted by contact faces at which the ceramic liner contacts the metallic member and heat insulating air layers at which the ceramic liner and the metallic member do not contact each other. A process for producing such a heat insulating ceramic insert-cast article is also disclosed. First, the outer periphery of the ceramic liner is covered with the heat insulating layer which is partially formed with cuts, and then the ceramic liner is enclosed with a molten metal in the state that the ceramic liner is covered with the layer.

Abstract: An air flow system for an internal combustion engine comprising an air cleaner and a swirling device disposed therein having a plurality of vanes for causing the air to swirl thereby improving the properties of the air-fuel mixture and improving the performance of the engine.

Abstract: The idle exhaust pressure relief system in an outboard motor is utilized to simultaneously heat the engine crankcase or other parts of the fuel supply system to prevent the puddling of fuel typically occurring at lower engine temperatures. Because the idle exhaust pressure relief system is inherently operable to conduct hot exhaust gases out of the exhaust manifold only at idle or low speed operation, heat is supplied to the crankcase only at temperatures when fuel puddling typically occurs.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an electrolysis cell having a plurality of electrically energized gas conduits is combined with an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An improved exhaust port assembly, for an internal combustion engine comprises a port pipe made of heat resistance steel covered by a fibrous ceramic sheet which is covered by an aluminum foil to prevent molten aluminum from penetrating the fibrous ceramic sheet when aluminum casting.

Abstract: A novel exhaust system for both conducting engine exhaust gases away from and aft of the personnel occupied portion of a marine vessel and protecting the sides of the hull of the vessel from damages thereto during docking or other "working" maneuvers of the vessel is provided.

Abstract: An exhaust port equalizer device 30 for insertion into an exhaust port-passage 12 of the head of an internal combustion engine. The device is detachably clamped between the head and an exhaust header 24 in communication with the exhaust port passage 12. The device 30 comprises a plate-like body of substantially uniform thickness; it is a sheet metal stamping.

Abstract: A heat-insulated port liner arrangement for a device composed of a cast metal which is molded around the arrangement and includes a tubular port liner composed of a material including a ceramic, a first covering layer disposed on the outer surface of the liner and composed of a material including refractory fibers, and a second covering layer disposed on the outer surface of the first covering layer and composed of a material including a metal having a melting point not lower than the melting point of the cast metal.

Abstract: An apparatus for photosynthesis includes a unique arrangement for supplying light and CO.sub.2 -containing air to a reaction chamber in a sure and stable manner. The reaction chamber is irradiated for photosynthesis from the inside and/or outside thereof in an intermittent mode. CO.sub.2 -containing air is routed from a CO.sub.2 source to a rotatable disc which is positioned in a bottom portion of the apparatus. Part of the CO.sub.2 -containing air is ejected sideways from the disc to cause it into rotation, while the rest of the air is ejected upwardly into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is partitioned into a plurality of compartments which are sequentially supplied with the CO.sub.2 -containing air in accordance with the rotation of the disc.

Abstract: A stamped exhaust manifold for a small internal combustion engine having a stamped sheet metal housing including an inlet and an outlet. A sheet metal baffle is located in the housing opposite the inlet and spaced from the housing to form a dead air insulating pocket between the baffle and the housing. The baffle is positioned so that hot exhaust gas entering the manifold from the engine through the inlet port will impinge directly on the baffle and will be deflected thereby through substantially 90.degree. to the manifold outlet port.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an outboard motor (10) includes a main exhaust passageway (16) extending through a partially water filled chamber (17) in the drive shaft housing (13). An inlet idle relief passage (23) connects the top of the chamber (17) with the main exhaust passageway (16) and an outlet passage (24) connects the top of the chamber (17) with the atmosphere. The system thus defines an effective exhaust silencer for the idle exhaust.

Abstract: A ceramic body for use as a gas conduction channel or duct and preferably used to define an exhaust channel in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, where the cylinder head is cast around the ceramic body. The ceramic body is provided with a thickening or external layer over at least a part of its outer surface. This external layer adds stability and strength to the ceramic body and allows it to withstand the pressures occurring during the casting of the cylinder head. The thickening or external layer is formed from a pressure resistant material and may be applied to a depression in the ceramic body or into the space between two parallel ceramic bodies to provide the required strength and stability.

Abstract: A method for producing a cylinder head having a tubular exhaust port liner made of a ceramic material is disclosed. The method comprises providing a covering layer of refractory fibers around the outer circumference of the exhaust port liner, applying a metal cap over each end of the covered exhaust port liner and setting the covered exhaust port liner into a mold. A cylinder head then is cast around the exhaust port liner so that the portions of the metal caps contacting the cylinder head are fused to the cylinder head. The metal caps are bored out to open up the exhaust port after predetermined treatments are performed on the cylinder head.

Abstract: An exhaust port has inlet and exhaust portions smoothly joined by a connecting portion which forms oppositely facing roof and floor walls. The roof is formed into flow-dividing projections upstream and downstream of a valve stem. These flow dividers divert flow around the valve stem, thus reducing flow separation and losses.

Abstract: Ceramics adapted to be enveloped in a casting having a cumulative particle size distribution such that the percentage of particles with sizes of less than 44.mu. lies within the range of 14.5-50% and the balance consists of particles the maximum size of which ranges from 500-2,000.mu., in order to produce vibration-resistant ceramic parts which may be enveloped in a casting.

Abstract: An improved port liner and its method of assembly into a cylinder head of an engine such that an air insulating layer is formed between the outer periphery of the liner and the inner diameter of an exhaust passage. The liner is a thin, stainless steel member having an arcuately-shaped section and a straight section which permits it to be inserted only one way into an exhaust passage. This is important for it allows for automated machine assembly of a valve guide which must be pressed through an opening located in the outer surface of the liner. The method of assembly also limits the physical contact between the liner and the cylinder head and this in conjunction with the air layer reduces the loss of thermal energy from the passing exhaust gases.

Abstract: An insulating liner for use in an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine or the like consisting, in a preferred embodiment, of a formed thin wall tubular body of rigidized fibrous ceramic such as fibrous alumina-silica material (Fiberfrax) with an abrasion resistant ceramic coating fused onto the inner gas-exposed surface of the body. The coating comprises a mixture of fused silica cement and fine glass frit sintered in place on the body inner surface at a temperature below that which would damage the thin walls of the body.

Abstract: Individually adjustable D-port inserts for securement to an engine header and projecting therefrom into exhaust ports to occupy the stagnation areas thereof and in each instance placeable for fine tuning thereof to optimize flow, and removeable with the header without alteration of the exhaust port configuration established thereby.

Abstract: In order to minimize heat rejection of exhaust gases exiting the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and thereby reduce the level of undesirable emission products in the engine exhaust, the engine cylinder head which contains a valved exhaust outlet passage and a coolant passage separated from said exhaust passage by a wall is provided with a solid thermal insulating element disposed in said coolant passage against said wall.

Abstract: Airflow through a sharply curved engine cylinder exhaust port is increased by the provision of a flow guide comprising a smoothly curved free standing bump on the floor of the port's exit portion rising smoothly upward from a sharply curved wall portion near the throat and then declining smoothly into the floor of the exit portion. The bump is configured to reduce turbulence in the fast flowing central mass of exhaust gases flowing through the port while providing increased laminar flow area for gases to flow along the port wall surfaces.

Abstract: A housing in the form and size of a freight container in which a machine aggregate driven by an internal combustion engine together with its accessories can be permanently stored and operated; guide surfaces are thereby arranged in front of the openings in the end face at the housings for the supply and discharge of cooling air, combustion air and exhaust gases, which are formed by flaps connected with the housing bottom by means of hinges and pivotal into an angular position relative to the end faces of the housing.

Abstract: A diesel engine cylinder head is provided with air gap inserts for insulating the combustion and exhaust gas exposed surfaces from the coolant jacket exposed walls so as to limit heat transfer to the engine coolant. Various insert elements are disclosed which may be used independently or in combination. Installation of a prefabricated multiple port exhaust insert which permits improved efficiency of gas flow is provided for by utilizing a two-piece construction for the main housing of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A diesel engine cylinder head is provided with air gap inserts for insulating the combustion and exhaust gas exposed surfaces from the coolant jacket exposed walls so as to limit heat transfer to the engine coolant. Various insert elements are disclosed which may be used independently or in combination. Installation of a prefabricated multiple port exhaust insert which permits improved efficiency of gas flow is provided for by utilizing a two-piece construction for the main housing of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A diesel engine cylinder head is provided with air gap inserts for insulating the combustion and exhaust gas exposed surfaces from the coolant jacket exposed walls so as to limit heat transfer to the engine coolant. Various insert elements are disclosed which may be used independently or in combination. Installation of a prefabricated multiple port exhaust insert which permits improved efficiency of gas flow is provided for by utilizing a two-piece construction for the main housing of the cylinder head.

Abstract: The method comprises introducing a mixture of uncured epoxy resin and curing agent in a coolant passage adjacent an exhaust passage and curing the resin into a solid insulating layer against the walls of the coolant passage.

Abstract: An automobile combustion engine having at least one exhaust port is provided with a tubular insert within an engine casing. This tubular insert is accommodated within an exhaust passage leading from at least one combustion chamber towards the exhaust port, and is held in position by the interposition of a heat insulating member made of heat insulating material having a lower thermal conductivity than that of material of the engine casing and/or the tubular insert. Heat transfer from the tubular insert to the engine casing is minimized by the interposition of the heat insulating member thereby avoiding a possible reduction of the temperature of an exhaust gas flowing through the tubular insert towards a subsequent process station.

Abstract: A combustion engine having at least one outlet passage for expulsion of the burned gases. The outlet passage terminates at the outer surface of the engine and communicates with an exhaust pipe connected to the outer surface by a flange and an intervening gasket. A tubular liner is arranged in the outlet passage and forms an annular cavity together with the wall of the passage. The liner extends free from the outlet passage through the gasket and the flange into the adjoining exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A clamp arrangement clamping a thermal reactor to a rotary engine comprising a clamp member that is first connected by spherically seating fasteners to the engine so as to pivot to receive the reactor which then makes these fasteners inaccessible and wherein additional fasteners are then employed at readily accessible locations to apply distributed load on the clamp member to tightly clamp the reactor to the engine.