Abstract: Provided are a controllably self-deformable optical fiber, a multifunctional laser scalpel and a laser processing device including the same. The controllably self-deformable optical fiber drives the protective layer and the optical fiber to deform through controllable deformation of a deformation portion on an outer surface of the protective layer. In addition, the optical fiber also has multiple functions, and can be applied in the treatment of complex lacunae in medical and other related fields.

Abstract: A uterine manipulator includes a housing and a shaft extending distally from the housing. An end effector assembly is disposed at a distal end portion of the shaft. The end effector assembly includes a cervical cup and a uterine manipulating tip portion extending distally from the cervical cup. A position sensor is supported by the cervical cup. The position sensor is configured to identify a location of the cervical cup.

Abstract: A medical image processing device includes a processor configured to: obtain image data; generate, based on the obtained image data, a captured image including color component signals including a red component signal representing a red component, a green component signal representing a green component, and a blue component signal representing a blue component; calculate an intensity ratio between a fluorescent component signal and a reflected light component signal in a pixel of the captured image; determine, based on the calculated intensity ratio in the pixel of the captured image, a fluorescence region and a background region in the captured image; and generate a fluorescence image by performing, based on a result of the determination, image processing with parameters different from each other for color component signals in pixels positioned in the fluorescence region and color component signals in pixels positioned in the background region.

Abstract: A device for capturing an image of an object of medical interest in remitted or reflected illumination light and for capturing an image of the object in fluorescent light generated by Cy5.5 and/or SGM-101 and for capturing an image in fluorescent light generated OTL38 and/or indocyanine green (ICG). The device includes an image sensor for detecting blue, green and red light, another image sensor for detecting fluorescent light of Cy5.5 and/or SGM-101 and OTL38 and/or ICG, a beam splitter guiding light having a wavelength smaller than a predetermined cutoff wavelength to the first sensor and guiding light having a wavelength greater than the predetermined cutoff wavelength to the second sensor, and filters upstream of the second sensor for partially, substantially or completely suppressing light having a wavelength exciting Cy5.5 and/or SGM-101 and for partially, substantially or completely suppressing light having a wavelength suitable for exciting fluorescence of OTL38 and/or ICG.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hyperspectral image measurement device is provided to include: a main body; an illumination module disposed in the main body and including LEDs having different peak wavelengths to irradiate light to a subject; a camera disposed on the main body and receiving light reflected from the subject to acquire an image of the subject; a barrel having a contact surface contacting the subject, the contact surface located to be spaced apart from the illumination module and the camera module by a predetermined distance; and a reference cover located on the contact surface and including a standard reflection layer for reflecting light irradiated from the illumination module toward the camera module.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging tissue including an endoscope capable of illuminating tissue with white and near infrared light. The method includes detecting the fluorescence and displaying the detected fluorescence in combination with white light images.

Abstract: Data collection schemes for a wound dressing are disclosed. In an embodiment, a monitor device for a wound dressing system comprises a wound dressing. The wound dressing comprises an electrode assembly, which comprises a plurality of electrodes including a first set of first electrodes and a second set of second electrodes. The monitor device comprises: a processor, memory and a first interface, which comprises a plurality of terminals including a first terminal and a second terminal, and a data collector coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal. The data collector comprises a data collection controller and is configured to: collect data from the plurality of terminals according to a primary data collection scheme; and collect data from the plurality of terminals according to a secondary data collection scheme, wherein the primary data collection scheme is different from the secondary data collection scheme.

Abstract: Multi-frequency microDoppler fusion is described. An example of a method includes performing a 2D Fourier transform of raw Radar sensor data and raw LiDAR sensor data to generate Radar range-Doppler map data and LiDAR range-Doppler map data; performing a Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) calculation of the Radar and LiDAR sensor range-Doppler map data to generate a Radar SWT product and a LiDAR SWT product; performing an SWT product thresholding operation to extract signatures that are common to the Radar SWT product and the LiDAR SWT product; and performing a microDoppler calculation on the extracted common signatures to generate Radar-LIDAR joint fused micro-Doppler signatures.

Abstract: A spectroscopic module includes a plurality of beam splitters that are arranged along an X direction; a plurality of bandpass filters disposed on one side in a Z direction with respect to the plurality of beam splitters facing the plurality of beam splitters, respectively; a light detector disposed on the one side in the Z direction with respect to the plurality of bandpass filters and including a plurality of light receiving regions facing the plurality of bandpass filters, respectively; a first support body supporting the plurality of beam splitters; and a second support body supporting the plurality of bandpass filters. The second support body includes a support portion in which a support surface is formed so as to be open to the one side in the Z direction. The plurality of bandpass filters are disposed on the support surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to microscopy systems. In particular, the present invention relates to microscopes rendering digital images of samples, with the capability to digitally control the focus of the microscope system, and the software used to control the operation of the digital microscope system. Further, the present invention relates to a microscope structure that allows for compact and multi-functional use of a microscope, providing for light shielding and control with samples that require specific light wavelength characteristics, such as fluorescence, for detection and imaging. The microscope is adjustable, with a structure that can move along range(s) of motion and degree(s) of freedom to allow for ease of access to samples, shielding of samples, and manipulation of a display apparatus.

Abstract: An endovascular apparatus can comprise an array of emitters configured to emit light at a predetermined wavelength and an array of sensors configured to detect light emitted by the emitters and reflected off a surface. The device can be configured to be inserted into a stent within a blood vessel of a patient and the device can be configured to detect the location of a branch blood vessel based on the reflected light detected by the array of sensors. Some devices detect light through a stent wall from an emitter positioned in the branch vessel. Some devices include fiber optics or phototransistors for receiving light from the emitter. Some devices include a fenestration former and a guidewire director along with the light receivers all in one endovascular device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprises: providing at least two exploratory views; segmenting a first object in the at least two exploratory views to determine first two-dimensional object masks; segmenting the second object in the at least two exploratory views tow determine second two-dimensional object masks; determining a first three-dimensional object mask as a function of the first two-dimensional object masks; determining a second three-dimensional object mask as a function of the second two-dimensional object masks; and determining an overlap of the first object and the second object for at least one capture trajectory as a function of the first three-dimensional object mask and the second three-dimensional object mask.

Abstract: Blood pressure signals are reconstructed from PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) signals by: receiving PPG signals including systolic, diastolic and dicrotic phases; and determining first and second derivatives of the PPG signals and: a first set of values indicative of lengths of the signal paths of the PPG signal, the first derivative and the second derivative thereof in the systolic, diastolic and dicrotic phases; a second set of values indicative of relative durations of the PPG signal and the first and second derivatives thereof in the systolic, diastolic and dicrotic phases; and a third set of values indicative of the time separation of peaks and/or valleys in subsequent waveforms of the PPG signal. Reconstruction also includes applying artificial neural network processing to the first, second and third set of values. The artificial neural network processing includes artificial neural network training as a function of blood pressure signals to produce reconstructed blood pressure signals.

Abstract: A focus scan type imaging device for imaging a target object in a sample that induces aberration proposed. The device includes: a light source unit for emitting a beam; an optical interferometer for splitting the beam emitted from the light source into a sample wave and a reference wave, and providing an interference wave formed by interference between a reflection wave that is the sample wave reflected from the sample and the reference wave; a camera module for imaging the interference wave; a scanning mirror disposed on an optical path of the sample wave of the optical interferometer and configured to reflect the sample wave to cause the sample wave to scan the sample; a wavefront shaping modulator disposed on the optical path of the sample wave of the optical interferometer; and an imaging controller configured to operate in a phase map calculation mode and in an imaging mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring photoplethysmogram. The apparatus includes a ring structure with at least one photon source and at least one photon detector positioned on an inner surface of the ring structure. The apparatus further includes a controller configured to measure a preliminary photoplethysmogram during a first time period by taking a first number of samples, determine a form factor from said preliminary photoplethysmogram, determine an inter beat interval from said preliminary photoplethysmogram, and use the form factor and the inter beat interval to determine a second number of samples to be taken during a second time period of measurement of the photoplethysmogram and the distribution of the samples to be taken in function of time.

Abstract: The present specification describes a novel system for dynamically modifying the magnification power of optical devices used in high performance and critical applications such as medical procedures. The present specification describes an optical imaging system having a magnification control system connected to a sensor device for enabling movement of sensor device with respect to a lens assembly of the imaging system, wherein distance between the sensor device and the lens assembly is altered to enable different levels of magnification capability.

Abstract: A skin diagnosing device includes an optical unit including: an optical system that uses OCT; an optical mechanism to guide light from the optical unit to skin to scan the skin; a loading device to apply predetermined deformation energy to the skin; a control computation unit to compute tomographic distribution of predetermined status values relating to the skin by controlling driving of the loading device and the optical mechanism and processing optical interference signals output from the optical unit in response to the driving, to compute an evaluation value of the skin based on the tomographic distribution; and a display device to display the evaluation value of the skin. The control computation unit computes the evaluation value by computing mechanical characteristics and a blood flow condition of the skin as the status values and associating the mechanical characteristics and the blood flow condition at a cross-sectional position of the skin.

Abstract: Embodiments describe a light-based medical device that uses light to luminesce tissue, and collect the reflected light, to perform analysis on the reflection characteristics in real-time to detect the type of surrounding tissue as well deeper tissue in the trajectory of the luminescence. Such device can be incorporated inside needles, catheters, tubes or piercing or biopsy tools, surgical blades, surgical tweezers, and so on, to direct their insertions and operations in specific zones. Importantly, because of the easy-to-use design, embodiments can be used without the need of highly trained personnel or expensive hospital equipment. Therefore, embodiments can be utilized in emergency situations that require fast responses, performed in ERs, moving vehicles, ambulances, and battlefields.

Abstract: An optical property measurement method includes: measuring, by first measurement, optical intensity of backscattering from a measurement target object when light is beamed to the measurement target object; calculating an attenuation coefficient in a depth direction of the measurement target object based on a measurement result of the first measurement; measuring, by second measurement that is different from the first measurement, optical intensity of backscattering from the measurement target object when light is beamed to the measurement target object; and calculating a scattering coefficient and an absorption coefficient in the depth direction of the measurement target object based on a measurement result of the second measurement by using a value of the calculated attenuation coefficient as a limiting condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical monitoring, and in particular non-contact, video-based monitoring of pulse rate, respiration rate, motion, and oxygen saturation. Systems and methods are described for capturing images of a patient, producing intensity signals from the images, filtering those signals to focus on a physiologic component, and measuring a vital sign from the filtered signals. Examples include flood fill methods and skin tone filtering methods.

Abstract: Methods and systems for intraoperatively determining alignment parameters of a spine during a spinal surgical procedure are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method of intraoperatively determining an alignment parameter of a spine during a surgical procedure includes receiving initial image data of the spine including multiple vertebrae and identifying a geometric feature associated with each vertebra in the initial image data. The geometric features each have a pose in the initial image data and characterize a three-dimensional (3D) shape of the associated vertebra. The method further comprises receiving intraoperative image data of the spine and registering the initial image data to the intraoperative image data. The method can then update the pose of each geometric feature based on the registration and the intraoperative image data, and determine the alignment parameter based on the updated poses of the geometric features associated with two or more of the vertebrae.

Abstract: An optical probe includes an optical window for transmitting light therethrough, an ultrasonic transducer for applying ultrasonic vibrations to the optical window for cleaning the optical window, and one or more light guides for transmitting light through the optical window to a measurement region and/or receiving light transmitted through the optical window from the measurement region. The ultrasonic transducer is coupled to the optical window via an elongate body adapted to transmit ultrasonic vibrations from the ultrasonic transducer to the window. The light guides communicate with the optical window adjacent the elongate body. An additional lens or light filter may be mounted adjacent the measurement window and/or the window itself may be adapted to incorporate a lens and/or light filter.

Abstract: A system for non-invasively determining an indication and/or an assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP) is featured. The system includes at least one intracranial light source adapted to be placed on skin above a cranium of a living subject configured to emit light which penetrates the cranium and targets intracranial space of a living subject. The system includes a least one extracranial light source adapted to be placed on skin above a predetermined area of the living subject configured to emit light which penetrates and targets extracranial space of the living subject. A detector subsystem including at least a first detector is configured to detect reflected light from the intracranial space and the extracranial space and is configured to output intracranial output signals associated with light detected from the intracranial space and/or output extracranial output signals associated with light detected from the extracranial space.

Abstract: A method for correcting a shading in a digital image of a three-dimensional observation object obtained by at least one image sensor of an optical observation device is provided. The three-dimensional observation object is illuminated by illumination light and an intensity distribution, and an inhomogeneity in an image brightness is present in the digital image of the three-dimensional observation object. The method includes ascertaining a topography of the three-dimensional observation object, correcting the inhomogeneity in the image brightness of the digital image based on the topography of the three-dimensional observation object and the intensity distribution of the illumination light. In addition, an optical observation system is provided to perform the method.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided in which an intraoperative video feed is augmented with one or more virtual display features based on a detected orientation and position of the tracked medical instrument. In some example embodiments, the virtual display features may be employed to represent, in an augmented video feed, information associated with a previously-detected intraoperative position and orientation of the tracked medical instrument. The virtual display element may be employed, for example, to facilitate the alignment of an untracked medical instrument with a previously determined intraoperative position and orientation of the tracked medical instrument. In other example embodiments, the virtual display element may be dynamically displayed in a fixed spatial relationship relative to the tracked medical instrument.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an illuminator for providing illumination on a region of interest, one or more first detectors for detecting reflections of the illumination, and a processing unit. The processing unit is configured to: receive a first image containing the region of interest; determine a first region of high specular reflection in the first image based on the reflections of the illumination on the region of interest; mask the first image by substituting a default color designating masking to alert a user to incomplete image information in the first region of high specular reflection to create a masked first image; and generate a composite image based on the masked first image and a fluorescence image of the region of interest.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring blood flow metrics using a patch of a flexible substrate configured to attach to an area of skin over a blood vessel. The patch includes a plurality of light sources arranged on the substrate to form a matrix and a row of photodetectors disposed on the substrate substantially in parallel with the rows of LEDs. The patch includes an optical signal interface configured to drive each light source and to input an intensity signal at one of the photodetectors. The intensity signals are used to determine AC and DC components corresponding to each optical path. AC to DC component ratios are calculated for each optical path and used to determine ratio-of-ratio values. At least a subset of the ratio-of-ratio values are used to determine a biological metric or a cross-sectional area of the blood vessel.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system for determining an analyte in milk is provided. The system first causes irradiation of the sample with light in a plurality of discrete spectral bands. The spectral bands can be selected based on phenomenon of specific analytes. The irradiation causes a fluorescent response in the milk, which is received by light sensors and converted into digitized spectral data. The digitized spectral data is then transmitted to a machine learning system which can determine the concentration of analytes and produce an output indicative of said concentration.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, a computer program, a system and a method for analyzing a time-velocity curve and calculating based on the time-velocity curve ophthalmic parameters.

Abstract: A medical system recommends a posture of a subject during a medical procedure. The medical system includes a processor and an output device. The processor determines suitable postures of the subject during the medical procedure based on at least one of subject information, including information on a posture of the subject obtained upon a predetermined movement by the subject and information on the procedure. The output device presents one or more of the suitable postures determined by the processor as recommended postures.

Abstract: A method of non-invasively monitoring hemoglobin concentration includes providing incident light to patient tissue at a first excitation wavelength. The method further includes monitoring a first emission response at a first emission wavelength, wherein the first emission wavelength is selected to correspond with a maximum of the emission response, and monitoring a second emission response at a second emission wavelength, wherein the second emission wavelength is selected to correspond with a minimum of the emission response. A hemoglobin concentration is calculated based on a ratio of the first emission response to the second emission response.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus, an illumination-light setting section capable of setting, as illumination light for illuminating an object including a biological tissue, first illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands selected from the light in plural wavelength bands and second illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands different from the first illumination light, selected out of the light in the plural wavelength bands, a light-source control section, and an image analyzing section configured to acquire an analysis result related to presence or absence of an abnormal finding. The illumination-light setting section sets, based on the analysis result of the image analyzing section for the first image acquired by the first illumination light, a combination of light in wavelength bands included in the second illumination light to be irradiated next.

Abstract: A computer system obtains at least one 3D scan of a body surface; automatically identifies, based on the at least one 3D scan, one or more features (e.g., nose, lips, eyes, eyebrows, cheekbones, or specific portions thereof, or other features) of the body surface; and generates a digital 3D model of the body surface. The digital 3D model includes the identified features of the human body surface. In an embodiment, the step of generating of the digital 3D model is based on the at least one 3D scan and the identified features of the body surface. In an embodiment, the digital 3D model comprises a 3D mesh file. The digital 3D model can be used in various ways. For example, output of a manufacturing process (e.g., a 3D printed item, a cosmetics product, a personal care product) can be based on the digital 3D model.

Abstract: A detecting device includes a semiconductor substrate, a first light-emitting section provided in a layered manner at the semiconductor substrate and configured to emit first light having a first wavelength band toward a living body, a second light-emitting section provided at the semiconductor substrate in a layered manner and configured to emit second light having a second wavelength band toward the living body, a first light-receiving section provided at the semiconductor substrate and configured to receive light from the living body based on the first light, a second light-receiving section provided at the semiconductor substrate and configured to receive light from the living body based on the second light, and an optical filter provided at the first light-receiving section and configured to transmit light having the first wavelength band and to attenuate light having the second wavelength band. The second wavelength band is longer than the first wavelength band.

Abstract: A system for the optical measurement of pH includes a light emitter to emit an excitation light, and a detector coupled to receive florescence light produced by a compound in a mouth of a patient in response to the excitation light. A controller is coupled to the detector, and the controller includes logic that when executed by the controller, causes the system to perform operations. The operations may include emitting the excitation light from the light emitter; measuring an intensity of the florescence light emitted from a surface of individual teeth in a plurality of teeth in the mouth; and determining, based on the intensity of the florescence light, one or more locations on the individual teeth likely to develop demineralization.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed include methods and apparatus for Fluorescent Enhanced Photothermal Infrared (FE-PTIR) spectroscopy and chemical imaging, which enables high sensitivity and high spatial resolution measurements of IR absorption with simultaneous confocal fluorescence imaging. In various embodiments, the FE-PTIR technique utilizes combined/simultaneous OPTIR and fluorescence imaging that provides significant improvements and benefits compared to previous work by simultaneous detection of both IR absorption and confocal fluorescence using the same optical detector at the same time.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure provides methods for identifying a disease in an epithelial tissue of a subject. Methods for identifying a disease in an epithelial tissue comprise the generation of a depth profile of the epithelial tissue using signals generated from the tissue by pulses of light directed towards a surface of the epithelial tissue. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides apparatuses consistent with the methods herein.

Abstract: A sound output device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first housing; a second housing; a substrate; a light emitting unit; and a sound output unit, in which the second housing is connected with the first housing, the substrate is disposed inside the first housing or the second housing, the sound output unit is connected with the substrate, the light emitting unit is connected with the substrate, and the second housing selectively transmits light emitted by the light emitting unit based on a wavelength thereof.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus, and/or device to determine a condition of a user using a spectrometer with a collimator on a glass substrate. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include: a band comprising a shape, size, and flexibility designed for attaching the band to a body part of a user; a light source embedded in the band that emits light comprising a constituent wavelength that provides an indication of a feature of the body part; an optical sensor positioned in the band to receive the constituent wavelength; and a glass substrate oriented in the band to receive the light, the glass substrate comprising: an optical filter that comprises a passband to isolate the constituent wavelength from other wavelengths of the light; and a carbon nanotube grid structure comprising walls and through-channels, the carbon nanotube grid structure adhered to the glass substrate.

Abstract: To determine the state of a subject person with a simple structure, an image determining device includes: an imaging unit that captures an image from a first direction, the image including the subject person; a first detector that detects size information from the image, the size information being about the subject person in the first direction; a second detector that detects position-related information, the position-related information being different from the information detected by the first detector; and a determining unit that determines the state of the subject person, based on a result of the detection performed by the first detector and a result of the detection performed by the second detector.

Abstract: A method for the objective determination of capillary refill behavior on a human body surface in which a spatially and spectrally resolved optical detection is carried out by at least one detector device (1) at a skin surface area (2) having a predefined areal size and outer contour. Subsequently a predefined pressure p constant over the skin surface area (2) is exerted over a predefined time t1; and the pressure effect is ended after expiry of this time t1. The spatially and spectrally resolved optical detection is carried out by the detector device (1) and the respective capillary refill behavior is spatially and temporally determined at a time t2 up to which at least one first threshold value of the measurement values detected simultaneously with spatial resolution has reached the measurement value that had been optically detected before the start of the pressure effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to advanced Cherenkov-based imaging systems, tools, and methods of feedback control, temporal control sequence image capture, and quantification in high resolution dose images. In particular, the present invention provides a system and method for simple, accurate, quick, robust, real-time, water-equivalent characterization of beams from LINACs and other systems producing external-therapy radiation for purposes including optimization, commissioning, routine quality auditing, R&D, and manufacture. The present invention also provides a system and method for rapid and economic characterization of complex radiation treatment plans prior to patient exposure. Further, the present invention also provides a system and method of economically detecting Cherenkov radiation emitted by tissue and other media in real-world clinical settings (e.g., settings illuminated by visible light).

Abstract: Systems for guiding placement of surgical ports on a body include an image capture device configured to capture an image of an operating environment and generate image data based on the captured image, a display device, and a computing device configured to obtain information regarding a location of a surgical site within the body, receive the image data from the image capture device, generate graphical guidance for placing a surgical port on the body based on the location of the surgical site within the body and the image data, and cause the display device to display the generated graphical guidance.

Abstract: A method includes providing medical images of a subject for selecting a target image from thereamong, building a 3D image model based on the medical images and the target image with a surgical target site assigned, performing image registration to superimpose the 3D image model on a real-time image of the subject so as to result in a combined image, determining a virtual entry site located on the combined image, connecting the surgical target site and the virtual entry site with a straight line, generating a guiding path extending from the virtual entry site, in a direction away from the surgical target site and along the straight line, and displaying the guiding path for guiding a surgical instrument.

Abstract: A system for measuring capillary refill time includes a wearable device and a control unit. The wearable device includes a force sensor to obtain a force signal and an optical sensor to obtain an optical signal. The system ensures that an applied force is acceptable in both magnitude and duration, and that a duration over which the applied force is released or removed is acceptable. These factors can establish that a capillary refill time determined or calculated therein is accurate. The system can also determine the capillary refill time based on the force and optical signals obtained by the force and optical sensors, respectively.

Abstract: An aspect of some embodiments of the present invention relates to a method for determining one or more characteristics of a region of interest. The method includes providing stimulation for exciting the region of interest for a first selected time period; monitoring mechanical response of the region of interest for at least a second time period after said first time period; processing data indicative of said mechanical response, and determining data on one or more measures of motion of the region of interest; utilizing data on one or more measures of motion for yielding at least one damping parameter indicative of damping of the mechanical response of the region of interest, and determining at least one characteristic of the region of interest in accordance with at least one damping parameter.

Abstract: Super resolution and color motion artifact correction in a pulsed hyperspectral imaging system. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor to generate a plurality of exposure frames. The method includes detecting motion across two or more sequential exposure frames, compensating for the detected motion, and combining the two or more sequential exposure frames to generate an image frame. The method is such that at least a portion of the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, or from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm.

Abstract: A bladder fullness monitoring systems includes a controller and an active optical sensor that is affixed to a patient's bladder. The sensor emits light onto the bladder and further detects light reflected from the bladder, in order to generate an output signal that indicates an amount of emitted light was reflected back to the detector. The controller is coupled to the optical sensor to receive and interpret the output signals, e.g., to determine when the bladder is full. The controller may be operatively coupled to a urinary control apparatus which uses the output signals to trigger urination in patients who have lost the ability to voluntarily urinate. Embodiments are particularly useful for monitoring bladder fullness in patients who have lost bladder sensation and/or the ability to voluntary urinate and rely on a urinary control apparatus in order to urinate.

Abstract: An endoscopic inspection system comprises: a switchable light source device for alternately providing first illumination light and second illumination light to illuminate an inspection location; an endoscope device for acquiring first image data of the inspection location under the illumination of the first illumination light, and acquiring second image data of the inspection location under the illumination of the second illumination light; a processor communicatively connected to the switchable light source device and the endoscope device, wherein the processor determines, according to the first image data and/or the second image data, whether the first image data and/or the second image data contains an abnormal region, and further generates determination data associated with the first image data and/or the second image data; and a display device communicatively connected to the processor for displaying the first image data and the second image data respectively according to a first display instruction and

Abstract: A system for providing intraoperative feedback to a user during the course of surgery. A core imaging unit provides low-coherence optical radiation coupled to a sampling device and generates optical coherence tomography (OCT) data based on combining scattered light received from the sampling device together with a reference signal. The sampling device is adapted to receive the low-coherence optical radiation from the core imaging unit and to illuminate the tissue, and to collect light scattered by the tissue and to return said light to the core imaging unit. A core software unit receives the OCT data from the core imaging unit provides real-time feedback, such as an image, to the user via an indicator.