Abstract: A device for generating microbubbles may include a syringe having a barrel, a plunger and a syringe tip; a converging nozzle; and an aerator. The converging nozzle may have a coupling end, a converging tip opposite the coupling end, an exterior mating surface adjacent the converging tip, and an interior channel that fluidly couples the syringe tip and the converging tip. The interior channel may have a diameter that progressively decreases from the coupling end to the converging tip. The converging nozzle may be coupled to the syringe tip. The aerator may have a retention end, a discharge end, an interior air chamber, an interior circumferential lip, and a discharge channel at the discharge end. The retention end may be coupled to the converging nozzle. The interior circumferential lip may abut the exterior mating surface. One or more air channels may fluidly couple the discharge channel and the interior air chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering medicament. The apparatus may include a fitting for a fluid dispenser. The fitting may include a detent that is configured to limit insertion of the dispenser into the fitting by contacting a terminal surface of the dispenser; and a seal for sealing against the surface. The apparatus may include an insert for the fitting. The insert may include a gasket to seal against the terminal surface of the dispenser; a proximal rim to engage a lateral wall of the dispenser; and a connector fixed to the gasket and the rim. The apparatus may include a coupler to engage a pre-filled dispenser; and a body defining a passageway that is configured to be placed in fluid communication with the dispenser. The apparatus may include a dispenser that includes a detent and a seal. The detent may limit insertion of the dispenser into a fitting.

Abstract: A part of a device for injecting a liquid product having an end sleeve and a syringe support which is able to move with respect to the end sleeve. The syringe support is designed to bear an injection syringe fitted with a removable protective cap. A deformable ring is kinematically connected to the syringe support. This ring can be deformed elastically between a configuration which is designed to axially immobilize the injection syringe in the syringe support, and a configuration designed to allow the protective cap to pass through the deformable ring.

Abstract: A device is provided for delivering a predetermined volume of at least one substance within a body cavity of a subject. The device contains a) a capsule for containing the predetermined volume of substances; b) a delivery end, having at least one orifice of diameter D, for placement in proximity to the body cavity; c) a valve mechanically connectable to the capsule, having at least two configurations: (i) an active configuration in which the valve enables delivery of the substances; and (ii) an inactive configuration, in which the valve prevents delivery of the substances from the capsule to the body cavity; and d) a fluid tight chamber configured to contain predetermined volume Vgas of pressurized gas at a predetermined pressure, Pgas. The capsule further contains at least one mixing mechanism that mixes the substances and the pressurized gas after the valve is reconfigured to the active configuration.

Abstract: A catheter assembly includes: a catheter; a catheter hub connected to the catheter; an inner needle removably disposed in the catheter; a needle hub connected to the inner needle; and a deflection suppressing member that suppresses deflection of the inner needle by supporting the inner needle via the catheter at a location distal of the catheter hub. The deflection suppressing member is supported so as to be movable relative to the needle hub in an axial direction.

Abstract: A tamper evident assembly for attachment to a medical connector including a tamper evident cap having an end cap and a tip cap movably and removably disposed in an operative position within the end cap. A retaining structure on the end cap and a retention structure on the tip cap are cooperatively structured to define an interruptive engagement and unidirectional passage of the retention structure over said retaining structure, when disposing the tip cap in the operative position. The interruptive engagement also defines an abutting engagement of said retaining structure with said retention structure, wherein the abutting engagement is preventative of passage of said retention structure over said retaining structure, concurrent to disposition of said tip cap out of said operative position. An included flow controller regulates fluid flow through a connector attached to the tamper evident cap and may establish a path of fluid flow with an attached conduit and the attached connector.

Abstract: A cap is configured to provide antimicrobial protection to a female luer port of an intravenous device. The cap distributes an antimicrobial solution within the intraluminal surfaces of the port when the cap is connected to the port. A cap may also be designed to distribute an antimicrobial solution around the exterior surfaces of the port. Once connected to a port, the cap can form a seal that minimizes the evaporation of the antimicrobial solution from within the lumen of a port. The cap can therefore provide antimicrobial protection against another device that is connected to the port once the cap is removed.

Abstract: This medical device (2) comprises a pre-filled syringe (3) comprising a syringe body (4) and a piston (16) mounted sliding in the syringe body (4), the syringe body (4) and the piston (16) delimiting an internal chamber (17) containing a fluid to be administered; and a package (21) in which the pre-filled syringe (3) is arranged, the package (21) comprising first and second package portions (22, 23) mounted movable relative to each other between a storage configuration in which the first and second package portions (22, 23) prevent the pre-filled syringe (4) from being removed from the package (21), and an open configuration in which the first and second package portions (22, 23) allow the pre-filled syringe (3) to be removed from the package (21), a movement of the first and second package portions (22, 23) from the storage configuration to the open configuration causing the piston (16) to move from a first piston position to a second piston position.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing system for oral administration comprises a dispenser (16,18,20) and cartridges (14) from which medicine is dispensed. Each cartridge (14) includes a hollow shell (22,24) with a septum (26) at one end, a piston (28) at the other end, and the medicine in a cavity (23) between the septum and the piston. The dispenser includes receiver (20) in which a cartridge (14) is received, a plunger (18) that can slide relative to the receiver and that has a plunging head (52) that can drive the piston (28), and a barrel (16) in which the cartridge (14), receiver (20) and plunger (18) can be received, at least partly. Once a cartridge (14) has been inserted into the receiver (20), the receiver and cartridge are inserted into the barrel (16) and a piercing head (44) ruptures the septum (26). The plunger (18) is pushed to drive the piston (28) and the medicine is dispensed by the piston, through a discharge passage (42) of the barrel (16).

Abstract: An autoinjector for dispensing a liquid product includes a housing; a product container arranged in the housing, particularly, a syringe comprising a displaceable piston; a drive member; a first spring which acts on the drive member and the piston to dispense the product from the container; signal element releasably axially coupled with the drive member so that the signal element is transported in the dispensing direction as the drive member is displaced; and a second spring, which exerts a spring force on the signal element against the dispensing direction and is tensioned as the signal element is transported in the dispensing direction. When the signal element is released or detached from the axial coupling, the second spring causes the signal element to accelerate opposite the dispensing direction and strike against a signal stop and generate an acoustic and/or tactile signal.

Abstract: A flexible tube includes a polymer composition of a poly vinyl chloride having a molecular weight greater than about 1.0 inherent viscosity (IV) and a bio-based plasticizer. Further, a method of forming a flexible tube is provided. The method includes compounding a poly vinyl chloride having a molecular weight greater than about 1.0 inherent viscosity (IV) with a bio-based plasticizer to form a polymer composition and extruding the polymer composition into the flexible tube.

Abstract: An insulin infusion device (1A) is disclosed. The device includes a body (3A), cannula (70) housed in the body (1A), a cannula insertion device (10, 20, 23) and a cannula retraction device (20, 23, 30). When the cannula insertion device is activated, the cannula (70) extends at least partly out of the body (1A) and into an infusion site and when the cannula retraction device is activated after the cannula insertion device has been activated, the cannula (70) retracts into the body (1A).

Abstract: A behavioral training aid comprising: (a) a body; (b) a tract including: (i) a tract locking mechanism that secures the tract to an outer surface of the body; and (ii) a tract insert removably attached to the tract locking mechanism; (c) one or more legs extending from the body; and (d) one or more base supports extending from a distal end of the one or more legs; wherein the tract insert is configured to receive a receptacle so that the receptacle is elongated and forms a depository within the body.

Abstract: An introducer assembly includes a sheath and a tubular member that are coupled by a movement that is simultaneously longitudinal and radial.

Abstract: A quantitative syringe-type ejector capable of ejecting the contents packed in one syringe in small quantities is provided. The quantitative syringe-type ejector includes a syringe and a plunger. The plunger includes a piston holding member and a plunger operation member. The piston holding member has at least one arm having: a slide projection slidable on an inner peripheral surface of the syringe; and a lock projection to be releasably locked to a back end of the syringe. The plunger operation member has a lock part to be releasably locked to the back end of the syringe.

Abstract: An injection device (10) for administering a liquid has a barrel (12) with an outlet (20) for the liquid, and a piston (14) arranged in the barrel (12). The piston is designed to force the liquid out from the outlet (20) by displacement into the barrel (12). The injection device (10) has an overpressure protection with a sensor (24) and with an actuator (26). The sensor (24) detects the pressure of the liquid in the barrel (12) directly or indirectly. The actuator (26) prevents a further increase in the pressure of the liquid.

Abstract: A retractable needle device attachable to the front of a fluid collection or infusion device such as a syringe, the retractable needle device comprising a housing having an engagement member, a slide support surface, a retraction cavity and a first pinch surface; a needle; a needle alignment member comprising a needle tube and a second pinch surface; and a needle retraction mechanism positioned within the needle tube and configured to bias the needle rearwardly; wherein the first and second pinch surfaces are configured so that a pinching force applied to them will cause relative lateral movement between the housing and needle alignment member. This translational movement from an injection position, wherein the needle is aligned with the syringe connector, to a retraction position, wherein the needle is aligned with the retraction cavity, allows the needle retraction mechanism to force the needle into the retraction cavity.

Abstract: An automated visual inspection (AVI) system is described to measure the depth of plungers positioned within vessels. The AVI system implements various types of image processing as well as other techniques to identify, for a vessel, a reference point and the uppermost edge of the plunger. Because different inconsistencies and/or artifacts may be introduced within the vessel image, different processing techniques may be executed on the region containing the reference point versus the plunger region. In doing so, the AVI system provides a robust means to accurately measure plunger depth that is highly resilient to the aforementioned artifacts and consistently measures plunger depth for a wide variety and types of vessels.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for preparation of water for various uses including blood treatment are described. In embodiments, fluid is passed either by pump or passively by gravity feed, through various filtration elements from a fluid source to a treatment fluid container. The latter forms a batch that may be used during treatment. Methods and systems for creating multiple-treatment batches are described. Advantages of creating a multitreatment batch include the fact that the burden of treatment preparation can be reduced and the timing of the preparation of the batch can be independent of the treatment time. As described, there are various trade-offs and concerns with this approach which are addressed by the inventive embodiments.

Abstract: A coronary artery catheter adapted for introducing its distal end into a coronary ostium through an artery includes a catheter body with a lumen formed therein. The catheter body in a natural state includes: a proximal straight section extending distally from a proximal end of the catheter body; a first curved section extending distally from the proximal straight section while being curved; an intermediate straight section extending distally from the first curved section; a second curved section extending distally from the intermediate straight section while being curved; and a distalmost section extending from the second curved section to a distal end of the catheter body. The first curved section and the second curved section, when projected onto a plane on which the first curved section and the intermediate straight section are present, curve in the same direction.

Abstract: A system for a drug delivery device comprising a reservoir holder configured to hold a reservoir, and an alignment interface comprising a main body configured to be coupled to the reservoir. A first alignment feature is provided on the main body. The first alignment feature cooperates with a corresponding alignment feature provided by the reservoir holder such that when the reservoir is inserted into the holder, the first alignment feature cooperates with the corresponding alignment feature provided by the holder so as to rotate the alignment interface and thereby align the alignment interface within the holder. Thus, the reservoir may be aligned within the reservoir holder. The first alignment feature may comprise at least one protrusion provided on the main body of the interface. The system further comprises one or more coding features.

Abstract: A safety coupling for a fluid infusion device is provided. The device includes a first coupling device coupled to a drive system of the fluid infusion device, and a second coupling device coupled to a stopper of a fluid reservoir associated with the fluid infusion device. The first coupling device and the second coupling device cooperate to resist the movement of the stopper relative to the drive system.

Abstract: A system and method for priming a medicated module during attachment of the medicated module to a drug delivery device. The drug delivery device has a drug reservoir holding a first medicament. The medicated module includes an upper retention feature and a lower retention feature, wherein the upper retention feature is axially moveable relative to the lower retention feature. The medicated module also includes an engagement needle and an output needle, wherein the output needle is in fluid communication with the engagement needle. The module also includes a collapsible feature holding a second medicament, wherein the collapsible feature is operably connected to the upper retention feature. During attachment to the drug delivery device, (i) the upper retention feature moves axially relative to the lower retention feature, (ii) the collapsible feature collapses, and (iii) the engagement needle and the output needle are primed with the second medicament.

Abstract: A medicated module attachable to a drug delivery device. The medicated module comprises a housing configured for attachment to a drug delivery device. The drug delivery device comprises a first medicament. A collapsible reservoir is contained within the housing. A pre-determined volume of a second medicament is contained within the reservoir. A needle arrangement is configured within the housing and the needle arrangement is arranged in fluid communication with the collapsible reservoir. A needle shroud may be configured, such that, during an injection step, the shroud acts on the reservoir to inject the second medicament.

Abstract: A RFID comprising a value sensor such as a pressure sensor is integrated with a liquid drug container to enable wireless pressure or other drug relevant parameter value monitoring and code-matching of drug container to a medical delivery device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fluid delivery devices for supplying a fluid, e.g., a flush medium, to a medical device, e.g., a vascular access device, inexpensively. The fluid delivery device includes a collapsible body defining a fluid reservoir and a connector for securing the fluid delivery device to the medical device. The collapsible body can include a bellows or pleated structure. In addition, structure including levers or plungers can be provided to collapse the body.

Abstract: An infusion assembly is provided. Such an infusion assembly includes a first infusion body and a first nozzle operably engaged with the first infusion body. A first plunger is configured to translate longitudinally within the first infusion body for dispensing a first substance out of the first infusion body through the first nozzle. The plunger has a translating member and a stopper piston separable and removable from the translating member. Once separated, the stopper piston is capable of receiving a second nozzle of a second infusion body such that the first substance, along with a second substance in the second infusion body, are capable of being sequentially administered to a target site. An associated method and kit are also provided.

Abstract: A medicated module comprising a connecting body configured for attachment to a drug delivery device. A first needle is fixed within the connecting body and an outer body operatively coupled to the connecting body. A needle guard operatively coupled to the outer body and a biasing member positioned between the outer body and needle guard. A second needle fixed within the outer body and a recess within the connecting body defines a reservoir. The reservoir contains at least one dose of a medicament and is configured for fluid communication with the first and second needle.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiment relates to an injection device that is a single patient use, disposable device containing a needle and a cartridge containing a drug or pharmaceutical product. The device is initially provided in a pre-armed configuration wherein the needle sheath maintains cantilever locking tabs on the housing in a position to the maintain the needle in a position separated from the septum of a cartridge. To arm the device, the practitioner removes the needle sheath and pushes down the plunger assembly. The cantilever locking tabs flex outwardly thereby allowing the cartridge-to-housing interface and the cartridge to move forward whereby the butt end of the needle punctures the septum of the cartridge. Additionally, the cantilever locking tabs form a stop configuration with the housing of the device. The disclosed embodiment is particularly adaptable to dental anesthetic applications, as well as other medical and veterinary applications.

Abstract: A coded cartridge holder system is disclosed for use with a cartridge assembly (20) containing a fluid and a delivery device (10), where the system has keyed connectors (5, 5?, 6, 6?) to prevent accidental attachment of the wrong fluid delivery device (10). The system comprises a coupling (1) attachable to the dose setting portion (12) of the device (10) and keyed to the proximal end of the cartridge holder (14). The cartridge holder (14) may also contain medical coding (27, 28) to correspond to matching coding (27?, 28?) on the distal end of a cartridge assembly (20).

Abstract: A delivery system for delivering a therapeutic agent to a patient includes a catheter, a stop feature, a container and a bar. The catheter has a proximal end and a distal end and includes a body defining a lumen that extends to the distal end of the catheter. The stop feature is in proximity to the distal end of the catheter. The container is configured to house the therapeutic agent and is insertable and slidably disposable in the lumen of the catheter. The container is also configured to engage the stop feature of the catheter. The bar is slidably disposable in the lumen of the catheter. Sliding of the bar distally in the lumen forces the therapeutic agent out of the container and out of the lumen when the container is engaged with the stop feature. The stop feature is configured to inhibit the container from exiting the lumen.

Abstract: A needle and receiver assembly for use with a syringe cartridge filled with medicine includes a cartridge receiver having a hollow interior, an open end sized for receiving at least part of the syringe cartridge, and a closed end opposite the open end. The assembly includes a needle mounted on the receiver having a fluid passage extending between a sharp delivery tip at a distal end of the needle and a sharp access tip at a proximal end of the needle opposite the delivery tip positioned inside the hollow interior of the receiver. The assembly includes a cutter movably mounted in the hollow interior of the receiver for movement relative to the receiver and the needle to cut the diaphragm of the cartridge when received in the hollow interior of the receiver.

Abstract: A basal hub for attaching to an infusion base is disclosed. The hub includes a fluid reservoir and pressure actuating device. A septum portion of the reservoir is configured to be opened by a flow cannula that is in fluid communication with an infusion cannula of the infusion base, when the basal hub is attached to the infusion base. The pressure actuating device applies pressure to the fluid reservoir, such that when the septum portion of the fluid reservoir is pierced by the by the flow cannula, liquid stored in the fluid reservoir is released from the fluid reservoir into the infusion cannula of the infusion base via the flow cannula. The basal hub is configured to deliver a basal dose of insulin during periods of inactivity, such as during sleep time.

Abstract: An applicator for administering a liquid to a selected location of a patient includes a main body having an interior cavity and a flexible outer wall. A frangible ampoule is configured to contain the liquid and configured to be positioned within the interior cavity of the main body. A hypodermic tube having a proximal end attached to the main body and a distal end. An applicator tip attached to the distal end of the hypodermic tube to dispense the liquid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a device and method for minimizing injection pain and preventing needle clogging during injection of a drug formulation into skin. Generally, the invention provides a device comprising a needle having a point to penetrate skin on one end, a hub having a diameter larger than that of the needle attached to the opposite end of the needle and connectable to a housing defining a chamber for receiving a formulation, and a polymer wrap attached to the hub, wherein the polymer wrap is tapered to the needle so as to pass through skin when the point is inserted into the skin, and wherein a space between the needle and the polymer wrap lies in a flow path of the formulation into the skin, such that formulation is injected through the space between the needle and the polymer wrap.

Abstract: An injection syringe, having a syringe cylinder, a plunger rod inserted therein and connected to a stopper by way of a coupling part, and a module that is provided in the proximal end of the syringe cylinder and having a cannula, mounted in a cannula holder received in a guided sleeve, and a sealing insert for the fluid-tight closure of the proximal end of the syringe cylinder and a protection cap for protecting the cannula, wherein the protective cap on the inner circumference has ribs extending in an axial direction, which engage in corresponding grooves of the driving part for a rotary drive thereof, and wherein in the sealing insert a hollow space is formed, which is closed on the proximal side and on the distal side transitions into an opening, by way of which a tip of the coupling part can be coupled to the hollow space.

Abstract: Medicament devices include a sealed medicament dose container comprising a cell based medicament that is stored at a temperature less than about ?40 degrees Celsius, then thawed into a liquid prior to administration and a medicament dose cartridge configured and sized to snugly hold the dose container therein during extraction of the liquid medicament. Related dose containers, retainers and extraction/dispensing systems are also described.

Abstract: A medicated module includes (i) a rotatable reservoir body comprising (a) a flow path and (b) a medicament-reservoir profile and (ii) a pin feature disposed in the rotatable reservoir body, the pin feature comprising a medicament-cavity profile. The medicated module also includes a second medicament, wherein the second medicament is held in a reservoir formed at least in part by the medicament-reservoir profile and the medicament-cavity profile, and wherein, prior to dispense, the second medicament is filled to at least the proximal end of the medicament-cavity profile.

Abstract: A device for storing and administering drug includes a housing, a sealing element (3) and a separate low friction plunger (4) which is substantially-permeable to gas over time. The sealing element (3) is typically broken to allow delivery of the drug. The housing (2) may be filled with the drug through an opening other than the opening through which the pusher (13) enters the housing to move the plunger so as to expel the drug during administration to a patient.

Abstract: A dispensing device for dispensing first and second medicaments to a patient that is made up of first and second stand-alone, interconnectable assemblies. The first of these assemblies comprises a fluid reservoir assembly that houses a fluid reservoir defining component while the second assembly comprises a fluid delivery and control assembly that includes an adding assembly for controllably dispensing the second medicament to the patient, a novel flow control means that functions to control the flow of medicinal fluid from the fluid reservoir of the first assembly toward the patient via a plurality of fluid flow control passageways.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a syringe adapter. in one embodiment, an adapter/cap assembly is threadably engaged to a syringe for enteral feeding applications. The adapter cannot he removed from the syringe to prevent the syringe from being used for IV applications.

Abstract: A cartridge assembly apparatus for an auto-injector includes a flexible container containing a liquid medicant. A needle hub is connected to the flexible container. A needle is attached to the needle hub and extends proximally from the needle hub. A frame is connected to the needle hub and includes a frame proximal end extending proximally beyond a proximal end of the needle. The needle hub and the needle are displaceable relative to the frame in a proximal direction to insert the needle into a patient.

Abstract: A seal member is configured to seal a chamber of a drug delivery device which is suitable to contain a drug, wherein the seal member comprises a diaphragm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a syringe adapter. In one embodiment, an adapter/cap assembly is threadably engaged to a syringe for enteral feeding applications. The adapter cannot be removed from the syringe to prevent the syringe from being used for IV applications.

Abstract: A drug solution transferring device that can suppress dispersion of a toxic drug solution to a surrounding environment is provided. The drug solution transferring device includes a barrel provided with an opening, and a connection tool for connection to the barrel. The barrel includes an elastic member for closing the opening. The elastic member is formed of a plurality of membranes overlaid together. The membrane has a projection projecting into the barrel. The connection tool includes a first needle having a sharp tip end. The first needle has a liquid hole extending in an extending direction of the first needle. When the needle penetrates through the projection of the membrane, an inside and an outside of the barrel are in communication with each other through the liquid hole to allow transference of the drug solution between the barrel and the connection tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medicament delivery device comprising a generally elongated housing comprising a proximal part (10) and a distal part (12); a medicament cartridge (18) comprising a proximal opening closed by a septum (30), an axially movable distal stopper (26), and a first enclosure (20) wherein a liquid and a gaseous fluid are enclosed; a medicament delivery member (36) attachable to said proximal part (10) and having a non-delivery end (34); a medicament cartridge holder (16) wherein the medicament cartridge is coaxially arranged, said cartridge holder being arranged coaxially movable inside said proximal part and comprising holding means (38, 40) capable of holding said medicament cartridge holder (16) in a non-activated position in which said cartridge holder is releasebly engaged to said proximal part and in which a predetermined distance is present between the septum and the non delivery end; a manual pressure mechanism arranged to be moved from a non-pressure position to a pressure

Abstract: A system and method for a patch-like, self-contained substance infusion device which provides one or more substantially hidden patient needles which can be placed in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir, wherein the device can be attached to a skin surface via an adhesive contact surface and a push button activation assembly can then be used to remove an interlock, allowing a disk, or Belleville spring assembly to apply an essentially even and constant pressure to the contents of the fluid reservoir, allow the release of the patient needles into the skin surface, and establish a fluid communication path between the patient needles and the pressurized fluid reservoir contents. The push button activation assembly further allows the release of one or more improved safety mechanisms after use.

Abstract: Provided herein is a single dose disposable pharmaceutical delivery apparatus and methods of use and manufacture thereof. One aspect provides a single dose disposable pharmaceutical delivery apparatus that includes a needle hub seal attached to a needle hub and a bladder that can contain a pharmaceutical composition. Another aspect provides for dispensing a pharmaceutical composition from the delivery apparatus by rupturing the needle hub seal and fluidically connecting the needle and the bladder. Another aspect provides manufacturing the delivery apparatus according to steps including attaching a needle hub and a needle hub seal and combining the bladder and the needle hub, thereby forming an apparatus described herein.

Abstract: A locking mechanism is provided for use with a reservoir and a reservoir holder so as to prevent unwanted tampering with the reservoir. The mechanism comprises a main body that is coupled to the reservoir. A first bendable feature is provided on the main body. The first bendable feature snaps from a first position to a second position. In the second position, at least a portion of the bendable feature retains the reservoir within the locking mechanism.

Abstract: A needle assembly comprises a body configured for attachment to a drug delivery device. The body defines a cavity. A septum is positioned within the cavity and a stopper positioned within the cavity such that the cavity, septum, and stopper define a reservoir. A double ended needle is positioned in the stopper and septum, the needle comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A release mechanism is positioned near a distal end of the body. A biasing element is positioned to drive the stopper. During a dose dispensing step, the release mechanism drives the proximal end of the needle out of the septum so that the proximal end resides in said reservoir. The biasing element may also drive the stopper proximally.