Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a workbench, a loading mechanism fixed to the workbench, a deformation measuring mechanism, and a stress meter. The deformation measuring mechanism includes a slide beam, and a displacement meter. The loading mechanism includes a guiding shaft extending through a to-be-tested coil spring. A measuring pole of the stress meter, the sliding beam, and the guiding shaft are coaxial. Opposite ends of the coil spring are respectively abutted the slide beam and the loading mechanism. A measuring pole of the displacement meter is connected to the sliding beam. When the stress meter slides towards the slide beam, the displacement of the detecting pole of the displacement member is equal to a change of a length of the coil spring, and recorded by the displacement meter, and a value of a force applied to the coil spring is recorded by the stress meter.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a piezoelectric apparatus are provided. In some embodiments, a method for fabricating a piezoelectric device may include etching a series of vertical trenches in a top substrate portion, depositing a first continuous conductive layer over the trenches and substrate, depositing a continuous piezoelectric layer over the first continuous conductive layer such that the piezoelectric material has trenches and sidewalls, depositing a second continuous conductive layer over the continuous piezoelectric layer, etching through the vertical trenches of the first continuous conductive layer, continuous piezoelectric layer, second continuous conductive layer, and top substrate portion into a bottom substrate portion, etching a series of horizontal trenches in the bottom substrate portion such that the horizontal trenches and vertical trenches occupy a continuous free space and allow movement of a piezoelectric MEMS device created by the above method in three dimensions.

Abstract: Rheometer, also usable for stress-strain-investigations, with at least one bearing (28; 35) having an adjustable stiffness in a direction normal to the bearing surfaces (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27). The instrument further includes a system (31, 32, 33, 34; 36, 37) for controlling a parameter for adjusting the stiffness of the at least one bearing (28; 35); a system (10) for determining a value of a quantity associated with a second force exerted between the rotor (8, 5, 6,7) and the stator (2) and opposing the force associated with the quantity to be determined; and a data processing system for correcting the determined value of the quantity associated with the second force by a bias value, obtained using a mapping having as a parameter a variable representative of the parameter for adjusting the stiffness.

Abstract: A method of modifying a workpiece includes providing a workpiece, determining a load stress profile associated with a load condition, the load stress profile comprising a load stress greater than a material stress limit of the workpiece, determining a residual stress profile, the residual stress profile comprising a residual stress less than the material stress limit of the workpiece, and providing the workpiece with the residual stress profile, wherein a sum of the load stress and the residual stress is less than the material stress limit of the workpiece.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus, includes: a mandrel; an expansion cylinder, comprising: opposite first and second ends; an inner circumferential surface extending between the ends and characterized by an inner diameter, the inner circumferential surface defining a hollow cavity; an outer circumferential surface extending between the ends and characterized by an outer diameter that is greater than the inner diameter; and a plurality of slots extending from the inner circumferential surface to the outer circumferential surface and latitudinally oriented between the ends; and one or more base plates configured to engage one of the ends of the expansion cylinder. In another embodiment, a method includes: arranging an expansion cylinder inside a test cylinder; arranging a mandrel inside the expansion cylinder; applying a force to the mandrel for exerting a radial force on the expansion cylinder; and detecting one or more indicia of structural failure of the test cylinder.

Abstract: Devices and methods for testing cement include: a pressure vessel with a sample container inside an interior working volume of the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel configured to supply a first pressurized fluid to control a pore pressure of a cement sample and to supply a second pressurized fluid to lateral exterior surfaces of the sample container to provide a confining pressure that can be different than the pore pressure.

Abstract: An automated testing system includes systems and methods to facilitate inline production testing of samples at a micro (multiple microns) or less scale with a mechanical testing instrument. In an example, the system includes a probe changing assembly for coupling and decoupling a probe of the instrument. The probe changing assembly includes a probe change unit configured to grasp one of a plurality of probes in a probe magazine and couple one of the probes with an instrument probe receptacle. An actuator is coupled with the probe change unit, and the actuator is configured to move and align the probe change unit with the probe magazine and the instrument probe receptacle. In another example, the automated testing system includes a multiple degree of freedom stage for aligning a sample testing location with the instrument. The stage includes a sample stage and a stage actuator assembly including translational and rotational actuators.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sensor-enabled geosynthetic material for use in geosynthetic structures and geosyntapes, a method of making the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material and the geosyntapes, and a method of measuring geometric strains of a geosynthetic product made from the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material. The sensor-enabled geosynthetic material includes a polymeric material and an electrically conductive filler. The polymeric material and an electrically conductive filler are combined to provide a sensor-enabled geosynthetic material. The sensor-enabled geosynthetic material having a predetermined concentration of the electrically conductive filler so as to provide the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material with an electrical conductivity and a strain sensitivity within the percolation region or slightly above it.

Abstract: A method of selecting a commercially viable chewing gum including testing a chewing gum using nonlinear rheology, compiling rheological data from the nonlinear rheology, and then comparing the rheological data obtained to rheological data ranges of commercially acceptable chewing gum. The nonlinear rheology can include large amplitude oscillatory shear test, start-up of steady uniaxial extension test, and uniaxial compression test (lubricated or unlubricated) and relaxation.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems relating to a sensing device are disclosed. A device may comprise a structure including a first surface and a second, opposite surface, wherein the structure comprises one or more segments. Further, the device may include a plurality of sensors disposed on the structure, wherein each segment of the one or more segments comprises a first sensor of the plurality of sensors coupled to the first surface and an associated second sensor of the plurality of sensors coupled to the second surface. Moreover, each sensor of the plurality of sensors may be configured to measure a strain exhibited on an adjacent surface of the structure at an associated segment of the one or more segments.

Abstract: A bond strength testing apparatus comprising a main body, a test tool mount for holding a test tool, and an axial drive mechanism including a screw and nut assembly. The drive mechanism couples the test tool mount to the main body and allows for relative movement between the test tool mount and the main body in an axial direction. A backlash control element is coupled to the main body and the test tool mount, and, in operation, biases the test tool mount relative to the main body in an axial direction. The backlash control element is switchable between a first state in which the test tool mount is biased in a first axial direction by the backlash control element, and a second state in which either the test tool mount is biased in a second axial direction by backlash control element, or the backlash control element applies no biasing force to test tool mount. The apparatus can be automated to apply the appropriate backlash control for a particular, selected test type.

Abstract: A testing machine includes a pair of vertical columns, a crosshead selectively positionable on the vertical columns, and a head assembly supported by and movable with the crosshead. The head assembly has an electric actuator, a support that can be selectively moved from a first position when the test machine is operated to a lowered position. The support supporting components are related to powering or controlling the electric actuator, said components are exposed for servicing in the lowered position.

Abstract: A detection device for shocks on a part comprises a base intended to be fixed by a lower face onto a surface of the part where the occurrence of a shock is to be detected and comprises one or more detectors fixed at the base and protruding with respect to the base, a detector being deformed in a persistent way with a magnitude equal to or greater than a threshold magnitude when it is subjected to a shock with an energy equal to or greater than a threshold energy. Under the effect of such a shock with energy or greater, a detector is simply deformed or broken such that the visual inspection allows the occurrence of the shock to be detected.

Abstract: A method for load relieving a test object, wherein a load is applied by a multiplicity of hydraulic devices positioned side by side each introducing a partial load into the test object such that the test object has a minimum deflection in an area close to its fixation and a maximum deflection in an area far away from the fixation, wherein the load is reduced sequentially from the maximum deflection to the minimum deflection. A test rig is provided that enables an autonomous and non-synchronical load relief of a test object based on pressure difference. A test rig is provided that enables an autonomous and non-synchronical load relief of a test object based on a delay time and a control system for such test rigs.

Abstract: A test weight providing an elongated flanged beam having a web, an upper flange connected to the web and a lower flange connected to the web. A pair of openings in the upper flange are provided on the opposing sides of the web. Plurality of plates are connected to the beam, each plate resting upon the lower flange and extending upwardly towards the upper flange. A pair of padeye lift plates are provided, one on each side of the web, each padeye plate having a portion that extends above the upper flange and through an upper flange opening. The test weights are stackable one a upon the other, wherein each of the padeye plates can be pinned to the flanged beam.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, or methods for testing a mattress system are described herein. Apparatuses and systems can include a robotic arm assembly and a mannequin to simulate natural human motion or movements that occur during use of a mattress system. The apparatuses and systems described herein can test a mattress system for firmness and/or durability. Also described herein are methods for testing a mattress system with a robotic arm assembly and a mannequin.

Abstract: The method is for testing load equipment. A trolley is provided that has a housing with an upwardly sloping front segment and an upwardly sloping rear segment. Upwardly directed weights are stacked side-by-side on the front and rear segments so that the weights lean towards each other. The trolley is stopped by engaging the brake support against the ground so that the front segment is substantially parallel to the ground. Weights are added or removed from the trolley by downwardly inserting or upwardly pulling, respectively, the weights without removing any of the wheels. The trolley is connected to lifting equipment. The lifting equipment lifts the trolley from the ground.

Abstract: A sample for electron microscopy includes a base member and a sensor. The sensor is configured to measure data on the sample. The sensor includes an insulating member and a measuring element. The insulating member is deposited in or near an area of observation that is defined on a surface of the base member. The measuring element is deposited on a surface of the insulating member or over the surface of the base member and the surface of the insulating member.

Abstract: A method of operating at least one wind turbine is described, comprising: determining a plurality of stress events of at least one component of the at least one wind turbine; determining at least one accumulated stress from at least two of the plurality of stress events; determining at least one residual lifetime based at least partially on the at least one accumulated stress.

Abstract: A system for evaluating integrity of a cutting blade includes at least one stress wave generator for generating at least one stress wave in a cutting blade under test. A sensor detects a signal generated by the at least one stress wave. An integrity analyzer coupled to the sensor determines an indication of integrity of the cutting blade based on at least one characteristic of the signal.

Abstract: Generally, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to testing pillar bumps formed on a semiconductor chip so as to detect the presence of anomalous stiff pillar bumps. One illustrative method disclosed herein includes positioning a test probe adjacent to a side of a pillar bump formed above a metallization system of a semiconductor chip, and performing a lateral force test on the pillar bump by contacting the side of the pillar bump with the test probe while moving the test probe at a substantially constant speed that is less than approximately 1 ?m/sec.

Abstract: A viscoelasticity measuring apparatus that measures viscoelasticity of a measurement target with high precision is provided. The measuring apparatus includes: a casing; a surface contact part provided in the casing and brought into surface contact with skin; a ball indenter that moves toward the skin more than the surface contact part and is pushed into the skin; a driving unit that supports the ball indenter and moves the ball indenter toward the skin; a load cell whose right end side is fixed to the casing and left end side supports the driving unit, the load cell detecting a pushing load that pushes the ball indenter into the skin; and a control unit that obtains displacement of the ball indenter.

Abstract: A test apparatus configured to test connectors is provided. The test apparatus may include a fixture that holds a first connector and an actuator that holds a mating second connector. The actuator may axially displace the second connector in and out of engagement with the first connector. A compliance mechanism, which may be coupled to the fixture or the actuator, may provide one of the connectors with compliance in order to facilitate alignment of the connectors during engagement and disengagement thereof. The compliance mechanism may allow movement of one of the connectors perpendicularly to the actuation axis and/or angular movement about the actuation axis while preventing axial movement within the compliance mechanism. Accordingly, forces associated with engagement and disengagement of the connectors measured by a load cell may more closely resemble actual forces experienced by a user during use of the connectors.

Abstract: A test apparatus includes a first surface configured to apply a linear force in two directions and a first attachment assembly configured to secure a first end of a cable to the first surface. The first attachment assembly is further configured to permit two degrees of rotational freedom. The test apparatus also includes a second surface, opposite the first surface, and a second attachment assembly configured to secure a second end of the cable to the second surface. The apparatus facilitates testing of a bending force and a kink force associated with the cable.

Abstract: Described is a material sample for testing material properties under biaxial load as well as a method therefor. The material sample has a circular disk shape and, for rotation about the center line thereof, is provided with an integrally formed hub. The edge of the material sample and the hub are thicker than the ring section of the material sample located in between. In one embodiment, the ring section is designed with an annular concave fillet concentric to the hub and the concave fillet may extend from the edge to the hub and have a continuous curvature over its width. In the method, it is rotated about its center line at least at 100,000 rpm, preferably at 150,000 rpm±10,000 rpm.

Abstract: An automated testing system includes systems and methods to facilitate inline production testing of samples at a micro (multiple microns) or less scale with a mechanical testing instrument. In an example, the system includes a probe changing assembly for coupling and decoupling a probe of the instrument. The probe changing assembly includes a probe change unit configured to grasp one of a plurality of probes in a probe magazine and couple one of the probes with an instrument probe receptacle. An actuator is coupled with the probe change unit, and the actuator is configured to move and align the probe change unit with the probe magazine and the instrument probe receptacle. In another example, the automated testing system includes a multiple degree of freedom stage for aligning a sample testing location with the instrument. The stage includes a sample stage and a stage actuator assembly including translational and rotational actuators.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems relating to a sensing device are disclosed. A device may comprise a structure including a first surface and a second, opposite surface, wherein the structure comprises one or more segments. Further, the device may include a plurality of sensors disposed on the structure, wherein each segment of the one or more segments comprises a first sensor of the plurality of sensors coupled to the first surface and an associated second sensor of the plurality of sensors coupled to the second surface. Moreover, each sensor of the plurality of sensors may be configured to measure a strain exhibited on an adjacent surface of the structure at an associated segment of the one or more segments.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method monitoring the health of structural joints by monitoring the strain developed near the joint due to perturbation applied away from that joint and comparing the monitored ratio between near field and far field strain to strain ratio which develops in a healthy joint due to comparable perturbation. The system for monitoring joints comprises: at least one near field strain measuring device installed near a monitored joint for monitoring the induced strain; at least one far field strain measuring device installed away from monitored joint indicating, measuring or producing the perturbation; and a data processor connected to said near field strain measuring device and to said near field strain measuring device for analyzing the response of the structure to the perturbation and determining the integrity of said joint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring the load state of a grinding system having rotating grinding elements, the dynamic forces exerted by the grinding stock on the grinding elements being detected in a first frequency range which contains the fundamental oscillation of the grinding elements, and in a second frequency range in which the first harmonic of the fundamental oscillation occurs, and measures for reducing the load state being introduced when the first harmonic exceeds a predetermined threshold value in relation to the magnitude of the fundamental oscillation. Such a method permits very reliable and accurate monitoring of the load state of the grinding system.

Abstract: There is derived an index FS (P) obtained by integrating the product of a probability distribution function f (?{square root over ( )}areamax) of an inclusion size ?{square root over ( )}areamax of a part and a “size S (P, ?{square root over ( )}?{square root over ( )}areamax) of a region of the part” where a stress amplitude ? of an acting stress exceeds a stress amplitude ?w of a fatigue strength at each location in the case of a load being applied under a loading condition P set previously by an operator over the inclusion size ?{square root over ( )}?{square root over ( )}areamax of the part with the whole region of a range where a probability distribution of the inclusion size ?{square root over ( )}areamax exists set as an integral range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying the location of the load on a structure. Various embodiments include calculating a plurality of potential loading sites, assessing the statistical order of each of those predictions, and selecting regions of the structure where the load most likely occurred based on the orderliness (or randomness) of the assessments.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a workbench, a loading mechanism fixed to the workbench, a deformation measuring mechanism, and a stress meter. The deformation measuring mechanism includes a slide beam, and a displacement meter. The loading mechanism includes a guiding shaft extending through a to-be-tested coil spring. A measuring pole of the stress meter, the sliding beam, and the guiding shaft are coaxial. Opposite ends of the coil spring are respectively abutted the slide beam and the loading mechanism. A measuring pole of the displacement meter is connected to the sliding beam. When the stress meter slides towards the slide beam, the displacement of the detecting pole of the displacement member is equal to a change of a length of the coil spring, and recorded by the displacement meter, and a value of a force applied to the coil spring is recorded by the stress meter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for non-destructive quantitative determination of the internal microstresses of type II and/or III which are based on subtraction of the maximum values of the load stress dependency of the maximum Barkhausen noise amplitudes on a test piece before and after hardening of the test piece in specific thermal hardening states. The present invention hence enables independent determination of the internal microstress of type II or III, simultaneous and resolved determination of the internal microstresses of type II and III and also determination of the sum of both types of internal microstresses.

Abstract: Provided is a device to sense battery internal state that can sense tiny elastic waves accompanying a reaction inside a battery and can accurately ascertain changes in battery internal state. The device (10) to sense the internal state of a battery (1) comprises restraining members (5, 5) that apply compressive force to the battery (1), a non-metallic plate (11) disposed between the battery (1) and a restraining member (5), and multiple acoustic emission sensors (13) affixed to the non-metallic plate (11). Compressive force is applied to the battery (1) by the restraining members (5, 5), elastic waves (W) generated in the battery (1) are sensed by the multiple acoustic emission sensors (13), and the internal state of the battery (1) is sensed by analyzing the sensed elastic waves (W).

Abstract: A material testing machine measuring strain of a tube-like test piece, comprising: a plurality of radial direction displacement detection units; an axis direction displacement detection unit; and a calculation unit that calculates the strain, wherein: each of first and second displacement meters of at least one of the radial direction displacement detection units comprises: a needle; a fixed frame; a movable frame; and a displacement sensor having a body part and a contact protruding from the body part, and wherein a tip of the contact contacts a stopper plate; the needle is oriented in the radial direction of the test piece; the needle protrudes from an end of the movable frame; displacement in the radial direction of the test piece is detected by detecting a moving amount of the needle; and the calculation unit calculates a curvature radius in the tube axis direction of the test piece.

Abstract: A method for detecting the integrity of a bond of a multi-piece work piece includes capturing a first image of the work piece, stressing the work piece, capturing a stressed image of the work piece, and comparing the first image of the work piece with the stressed image of the work piece to determine the integrity of the bond.

Abstract: Prostheses are fatigue tested using an apparatus under simulated physiological loading conditions. A fluid housing defines an entrance chamber having fluid outflow ports and an exit chamber having opposing fluid inflow ports and a central flow conduit in communication with the entrance chamber and the exit chamber. A plurality of housing tubes into which prosthesis are deployed may extend between the fluid outflow and inflow ports. Alternatively, tubular prostheses may be connected directly between the inflow and outflow ports. A reciprocating linear drive pump having a flexible diaphragm is provided to cyclically pressurize fluid through a common closed loop within the fluid housing and drive the pressurized fluid through the prosthesis being tested. The test system is capable of rotation independent of the motor drive for accurate diameter measurements of all test samples at elevated frequencies.

Abstract: An apparatus for orienting a test article relative to a loading axis includes a first member and a second member. The first member may have a concave surface. The second member may have a convex surface configured to engage the concave surface in a manner such that the second member is movable relative to the first member. The test article may be coupled to one of the first and second members such that relative movement thereof facilitates general alignment of the test article with the axial loading axis. The leveling apparatus may further include a plurality of positioning devices configured to facilitate adjustment of an orientation of the second number relative to the first member such that the alignment of the test article may be adjusted.

Abstract: The metallization system of complex semiconductor devices may be evaluated in terms of mechanical integrity on the basis of a measurement system and measurement procedures in which individual contact elements, such as metal pillars or solder bumps, are mechanically stimulated, while the response of the metallization system, for instance in the form of directly measured forces, is determined in order to quantitatively evaluate mechanical status of the metallization system. In this manner, the complex material systems and the mutual interactions thereof may be efficiently assessed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide field test devices and methods for testing the compressive gradient strength of installed vehicle arresting systems, such as those installed on airport runways. Current methods of testing such arresting systems are conducted on sample materials in-house, and these methods are not applicable or useful when tests need to be conducted on currently-installed systems in the field.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for positioning a specimen to be tested relative to an external force applicator. The external force applicator is adapted for engaging the specimen for test purposes. A defined path extends between a first position away from the external load applicator and a second position underneath the external load applicator. A carriage positioned on the defined path moves relative to the external force applicator between the first position which is a loading position away from the external force applicator and the second position which is an engagement position. When the specimen is in the second engagement position, the external force applicator can engage the specimen to conduct the test.

Abstract: A test fixture for applying a prescribed displacement to a material includes a first and a second portion, a first and second adjustable pin, and an actuator. The first portion includes a first pin that engages the material at a first location on the material. A second pin engages the material at a second location on the material. A third pin engages the material at a third location on the material. The first adjustable pin holds the material against the second pin at the second location. The second adjustable pin holds the material against the third pin at the third location. The actuator is adapted to configure a relative position between the first pin and the second and third pins.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed at a system for applying a displacement, strain, stress or load to a test specimen. The system includes an interface manufactured from a deformable material which is connected to an actuator and to the test specimen. Application of a displacement by the actuator causes the test specimen to displace in multiple directions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for testing adhesion. The method includes forming thin films on a substrate; attaching an elastic plate to the substrate, wherein the elastic plate has a larger elastic coefficient than the substrate; and performing an adhesion test on the thin films using an adhesion test apparatus.

Abstract: A bending test fixture for test coupons includes a test region for receiving a test coupon and first and second supports on opposed sides of the test region. One of the first or second supports includes a first pair of spaced-apart support points and the other of the first or second supports includes a second pair of spaced-apart support points that are narrowly spaced relative to the first pair of spaced-apart support points. There is a load shaft for applying a load to the second support and an articulated joint between the load shaft and the second support for uniformly distributing the load to the first support.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for measuring the unconfined yield strength and time unconfined yield strength of bulk granular materials and powders. A sample of bulk material is consolidated under controlled pressure in a sample cup with a hole or holes in the bottom. A moveable base smaller than the internal cup dimensions covers the hole(s) to prevent material from escaping the cup and to provide a base for removing the consolidated sample from the cup. After a predetermined time, the consolidated sample is removed from the cup by lifting the base relative to the cup walls through the hole(s) in the bottom of the cup. Once removed from the cup, the strength of the consolidated sample is measured by applying pressure to the top of the sample until the sample breaks. For time tests, the sample is consolidate with weights over predetermined time periods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for differentiating foods with respect to mouthfeel, a method for identifying a composition having the ability to improve the mouthfeel of a food, and a method for predicting mouthfeel attributes of a food using a novel tribology device.

Abstract: A system for field testing the bearing behavior of a test helical pile employs a plurality of anchor helical piles driven into the ground at angles around the test helical pile and a head assembly to form a support structure over the test pile. The head assembly includes attachments for engaging the upper ends of the anchor helical piles, and a vertical passageway extending through the head assembly. A hollow-core hydraulic jack having a vertical passageway is inserted between the upper end of the test helical pile and the head assembly to exert a test load on the test helical pile. A vertical member is placed through the vertical passageways in the head assembly and jack to the upper end of the test helical pile to measure movement of the test helical pile in response to the test load.

Abstract: A fabricating method and a testing method of a semiconductor device and a mechanical integrity testing apparatus are provided. An object includes a wafer, an insulating layer, and a plurality of conductive posts is provided. A surface of the wafer has a plurality of first blind holes outside chip regions and a plurality of second blind holes inside the chip regions. The insulating layer is between the conductive posts and the walls of the first blind holes and between the conductive posts and the walls of the second blind holes. A mechanical integrity test is performed to test a binding strength between the insulating layer, the conductive posts, and the walls of the first blind holes. The conductive posts in the chip regions are electrically connected to an element after the conductive posts in the first blind holes are qualified in the mechanical integrity test.

Abstract: The invention provides a shock test device suitable for an expansion slot of a computer system. The shock test device includes a mainboard, a structure unit and a detection module. The mainboard has a connecting finger electrically connected to the expansion slot. The structure unit is disposed at the mainboard for simulating a weight and a supporting structure. The detection module is coupled to at least one pin of the connecting finger for detecting a touch condition between the connecting finger and the expansion slot so as to produce a warning signal. In this way, the shock test device can detect whether or not a link plug-in in a host computer (for example, the link between the expansion slot and the connecting finger portion of the shock test device) is disconnected due to shocking or unseen disconnected and then reconnected again.