Abstract: Provided are a method of forming metal oxide nanotube and a dye-sensitized solar cell formed thereby. The method may include providing a metal electrode and a counter electrode in an electrolyte containing a negatively polarized surfactant, and applying voltages to the metal electrode and the counter electrode to form a metal oxide nanotube on the metal electrode. The metal oxide nanotube may have a (001)-plane.

Abstract: A method for production of various morphologies of solid carbon product by reducing carbon oxides with a reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst. The carbon oxides are typically either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The reducing agent is typically either a hydrocarbon gas or hydrogen. The desired morphology of the solid carbon product may be controlled by the specific catalysts, reaction conditions, and optional additives used in the reduction reaction. The resulting solid carbon products have many commercial applications.

Abstract: Devices comprising functionalized materials, and embodiments of a method for making and using such devices, are disclosed. Exemplary devices include ophthalmic devices, nanoparticles, quartz crystal microbalances, microarrays, and nanocomposites. In particular embodiments, device surfaces are modified with monomers and/or polymers, typically carbohydrate monomers and/or polymers. Embodiments of a method for making and using such devices are disclosed. Monomers and/or polymers are covalently bonded to surfaces using functionalized perhalophenylazides. In some embodiments, device surfaces are functionalized with a perhalophenylazide. One or more monomers and/or polymers subsequently are covalently bonded to the device surface using the perhalophenylazide. In other embodiments, monomers and/or polymers are derivatized with a functionalized perhalophenylazide. The derivatized monomers and/or polymers then are covalently bonded to the device surface using the perhalophenylazide.

Abstract: A composition is provided having nano technological delivery of a medicament through the skin. The composition contains hydrocortisone, resveratrol and a sulfate free surfactant. The composition is formulated into a shampoo and the shampoo facilitates nano technological delivery of the hydrocortisone and the resveratrol through the skin of a user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified curing agent for a thermosetting resin, such as epoxy resin. As one example, the epoxy curing agent comprises: (a) multiple nano graphene platelets; (b) a chemical functional group having multiple ends with a first end being bonded to a nano graphene platelet and at least a second end reactive with the epoxy resin; and (c) reactive molecules acting as a primary cross-linking agent for the epoxy resin; wherein the nano graphene platelet content is no less than 0.01% by weight based on the total weight of the modified curing agent. A modified curing agent containing reactive molecule-functionalized NGPs enable excellent dispersion of NGP in a resin matrix and the resulting nanocomposites exhibit much better properties than those of corresponding nanocomposites prepared by directly mixing dried NGPs with the thermosetting resins.

Abstract: Method for nanopatterning of inorganic materials, such as ceramic (e.g. metal oxide) materials, and organic materials, such as polymer materials, on a variety of substrates to form nanopatterns and/or nanostructures with control of dimensions and location, all without the need for etching the materials and without the need for re-alignment between multiple patterning steps in forming nanostructures, such as heterostructures comprising multiple materials. The method involves patterning a resist-coated substrate using electron beam lithography, removing a portion of the resist to provide a patterned resist-coated substrate, and spin coating the patterned resist-coated substrate with a liquid precursor, such as a sol precursor, of the inorganic or organic material. The remaining resist is removed and the spin coated substrate is heated at an elevated temperature to crystallize the deposited precursor material.

Abstract: Processing a composite material includes forming a nanomaterial comprising nanotubes. The nanotubes comprise first nanotubes and second nanotubes, where the first nanotubes and the second nanotubes have different lengths. The nanomaterial is combined with a matrix to yield a composite material.

Abstract: A tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) and method of making the same is provided. The TFET comprises a source-channel-drain structure and a gate electrode. The source region comprises a first source sub-region which is doped with a first doping profile with a dopant element of a first doping type having a first peak concentration and a second source sub-region close to a source-channel interface which is doped with a second doping profile with a second dopant element with the same doping type as the first dopant element and having a second peak concentration. The second peak concentration of the second doping profile is substantially higher than the maximum doping level of the first doping profile close to an interface between the first and the second source sub-regions.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: The present application discloses novel endohedral fullerenes having enclosed therein one or more ozone molecules, e.g. fullerenes selected from C60-fullerene (Buckminsterfullerene), C70-fullerene, C76-fullerene, C78-fullerene, C82-fullerene, C84-fullerene, and C120-fullerene. The application further discloses a composition comprising the endohedral fullerene and a carrier material, e.g. where the carrier material is a skin lotion, such as a skin lotion comprising L-ascorbic acid or Vitamin E. Moreover, various uses of the novel fullerenes are disclosed, e.g. for skin UV-protection; in or on the surface of sun glasses; in or on the surface of window glass; in or on the surface of textiles, fabrics, clothes, wood, paint, paper, cushions, leather, hair-care products, and plants.

Abstract: Means for reducing an arsenic ion concentration in the solution to the degree of ultra trace amount are provided. Ammonium molybdate is supported by a nanostructure material by mixing the nanostructure material, which is obtained after the nanostructure material such as an alumina reacts with a surfactant, in the solution containing the ammonium molybdate. The nanostructure material supporting an arsenic ion adsorption compound such as ammonium molybdate can selectively adsorb and remove trace of arsenic ion in the solution by a room temperature treatment without a water conditioning such as pH control. In our removal system of arsenic, extra posttreatments are not needed because special pretreatments are not carried out, and special heating equipments are not used. Accordingly, our removal system of arsenic can be constructed at low cost. Furthermore, it can supply an arsenic-free solution by be constructed at multi stages.

Abstract: Sol-gel process for producing a photochromic composite material includes successive stages of hydrolysis, condensation, and drying, in which an alkoxysilane is selected as a precursor, and a ruthenium complex with a nitrosyl ligand is selected as a photochromic complex, and, in combination, the sol-gel process is implemented starting from the selected precursor and photochromic complex, with successive stages of hydrolysis, arrangement in a container of a selected shape, condensation, curing and aging, whereby this latter stage includes a final drying cycle, and for, the curing and aging stages, the pH, temperature and duration are selected so that in the produced xerogel, whose shape is determined by that of the container, the photochromic ruthenium complex with a nitrosyl ligand, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, is inserted into the nanopores of the silica matrix, distributed in an at least substantially homogeneous way.

Abstract: A composite anode active material including metal core particles and carbon nanotubes that are covalently bound to the metal core particles, an anode including the composite anode active material, a lithium battery employing the anode, and a method of preparing the composite anode active material.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based devices and technology for their fabrication are disclosed. The planar, multiple layer deposition technique and simple methods of change of the nanotube conductivity type during the device processing are utilized to provide a simple and cost effective technology for large scale circuit integration. Such devices as p-n diode, CMOS-like circuit, bipolar transistor, light emitting diode and laser are disclosed, all of them are expected to have superior performance then their semiconductor-based counterparts due to excellent CNT electrical and optical properties. When fabricated on semiconductor wafers, the CNT-based devices can be combined with the conventional semiconductor circuit elements, thus producing hybrid devices and circuits.

Abstract: A method for making a fibrous layer for fuel cell applications includes a step of combining a polyphenylene sulfide-containing resin with a water soluble carrier resin to form a resinous mixture. The resinous mixture is then shaped to form a shaped resinous mixture. The shaped resinous mixture includes polyphenylene sulfide-containing structures within the carrier resin. The shaped resinous mixture is contacted (i.e., washed) with water to separate the polyphenylene sulfide-containing structures from the carrier resin. Optional protogenic groups and then a catalyst are added to the polyphenylene sulfide-containing structures.

Abstract: A dual electroplating cell comprising: (a) an electrolyte component containing therein ions of a first metal; (b) a porous cathode current collector having surface areas to capture and store metal ions directly thereon, wherein the cathode current collector has a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g that is in direct contact with said electrolyte; (c) a porous anode current collector having surface areas to capture and store metal ions thereon, wherein the anode current collector has a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g that is in direct contact with the electrolyte; (d) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; and (e) an ion source of the first metal disposed in the anode current collector or the cathode current collector and in electronic contact therewith to obtain an open circuit voltage (OCV) from 0.3 volts to 3.5 volts when the cell is made.

Abstract: A nanopore device capable of single molecule detection is described. The nanopores are formed in thin, rigid membranes and modified by a sputtered metal that forms an overhang during application. The overhang causes the pore to be narrower in a certain region, allowing passage of only a single molecule through the pore at a time, or binding to a biomolecule on the pore to be detected by a change in ionic current flow through the nanopore. Embodiments include a silicon nitride membrane formed on a silicon substrate and having a nanopore drilled with a focused ion beam system, followed by gold sputtering onto the membrane. Devices are formed with one or more nanopores and chambers having electrodes on either side of the nanopore.

Abstract: Flame retardant composite materials are provided which include at least one first paper which comprises carbon nanofibers and graphite oxide particles. The composite materials may further include at least one second paper which comprises carbon nanofibers. The composites may further include one or more structural material layers sandwiched between the first and second papers. Occupant structures are also provided with fire and smoke retardant surfaces composed of carbon nanofibers/graphite oxide particles papers at least partially surrounding occupants of the occupant structures.

Abstract: A composition including nanocomposites formed from blue phase liquid crystals that are stabilized with dopants and nanorods such as metallic nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes. Devices including the compositions are disclosed that provide increases temperature ranges as well as reduction in threshold voltage and turn on voltage, in addition to the inherent blue phase liquid crystal properties of sub-millisecond response time in the field induced Kerr effect.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus 100 disclosed herein concern DNA sequencing. In some embodiments of the invention, the methods comprise measuring the distance between labeled nucleotides 220, such as nucleotides labeled with bulky groups. The methods may further comprise placing identical template DNA 200 into four reaction chambers 110, 120, 130, 140, each containing a different labeled nucleotide precursor, synthesizing complementary strands 230, 240, 250 and detecting labeled nucleotides 220. The distances between labeled nucleotides 220 may be used to construct 450 distance maps 310, 320, 330, 340 for each type of labeled nucleotide 220. The distance maps 310, 320, 330, 340 may be aligned 520 to obtain a nucleic acid sequence 210. Overlapping data analysis and frequency analysis may be used to construct 450 the distance maps 310, 320, 330, 340 and non-overlapping data analysis may be used to align 520 the distance maps into a sequence 210.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aerosols containing magnetic particles, wherein the aerosols comprise magnetic particles and a pharmaceutical active agent. The invention furthermore relates to the use of such aerosols containing magnetic particles for directed magnetic field-guided transfer of the active agents contained therein in aerosol therapy.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating passivated silicon nanowires and an electronic arrangement thus obtained are described. Such arrangements may comprise a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure such that the arrangements may be utilized for MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) or opto-electronic switches.

Abstract: A method is used to make a nanometer enhanced thermo-durable thermosetting polyester material. The method includes the steps of providing prepolymeric viscous liquid and curing the prepolymeric viscous liquid. The prepolymeric viscous liquid includes: a polyester prepolymer that includes an unsaturated vinyl group of low molecular weight, a functional polyester oligomer that includes an unsaturated vinyl group, a polyester prepolymer that includes an unsaturated vinyl group associated with layered silicates, and a polymerizable monomer that includes a vinyl group. To cure the prepolymeric viscous liquid, a catalyst and an accelerator are used. Thus, there is provided a highly cross-linked three-dimensional thermosetting polyester/layered silicate nanometer material.

Abstract: A wearable remote electrophysiological monitoring system. The system includes a garment having at least one nanostructured, textile-integrated electrode attached thereto; a control module in electrical communication with the at least one nanostructured, textile-integrated sensor; and a remote computing system in communication with the control module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite sintering materials using a carbon nanotube (including carbide nano particles, hereinafter the same) and a manufacturing method thereof, the method comprises the steps of: combining or generating carbon nanotubes in metal powders, a compacted product, or a sintered product; growing and alloying the carbon nanotubes by compacting or sintering the metal powders, the compacted product, or the sintered product; and strengthening the mechanical characteristics by repeatedly performing the sintering process and the combining process or the generating process of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method of operating a lithium-ion cell comprising (a) a cathode comprising a carbon or graphitic material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon; (b) an anode comprising an anode active material; (c) a porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; (d) an electrolyte in ionic contact with the two electrodes; and (e) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes to obtain an open circuit voltage (OCV) from 0.5 volts to 2.8 volts when the cell is made; wherein the method comprises: (A) electrochemically forming the cell from the OCV to either a first lower voltage limit (LVL) or a first upper voltage limit (UVL), wherein the first LVL is no lower than 0.1 volts and the first UVL is no higher than 4.6 volts; and (B) cycling the cell between a second LVL and a second UVL.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating an aligned polymer containing a bonded substrate and related compositions. The method involved placing a polymer in solution which is capable of alignment wherein the polymer is also bound to a selected substrate. This may then be followed by placing the polymer solution in an electrochemical cell wherein the polymer solution is in contact with at least one electrode and applying an electric field/voltage to the polymer solution and generating a pH gradient wherein the polymer and bonded substrate positions at the isoelectric point of the polymer in solution.

Abstract: A negative electrode (10) for a lithium secondary battery, including a negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance layer (30) that is supported on the negative electrode collector (20) and includes carbon nanowalls (32) which are formed on the negative electrode collector (20), and a negative electrode active substance (36) which is supported on the carbon nanowalls (32).

Abstract: An LED comprises a substrate, a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second semiconductor layer, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first semiconductor layer, the active layer, and the second semiconductor layer are stacked in that order and located on a surface of the substrate. A number of first three-dimensional nano-structures are located on a surface of the second semiconductor layer away from the active layer. The first three-dimensional nano-structures are linear protruding structures, a cross-section of each linear protruding structure is an arc. The present disclosure also relates to an optical element.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for forming one or more nanomembranes including electroactive nanomembranes within a nanowell or nanotube, or combinations thereof, in a support material. Nanopores/nanochannels can be formed by the electroactive nanomembrane within corresponding nanowells. The electroactive nanomembrane is capable of controllably altering a dimension, a composition, and/or a variety of properties in response to electrical stimuli. Various embodiments also include devices/systems and methods for using the nanomembrane-containing devices for molecular separation, purification, sensing, etc.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a white light-emitting diode may be configured to emit white light without a phosphor. According to example embodiments, a white light-emitting diode may include a first semiconductor layer that includes a plurality of hexagonal-pyramid shape nanostructures that protrude upwards from an upper surface of the first semiconductor layer, at least two multi-quantum well layers that are sequentially stacked on the hexagonal-pyramid shape nanostructures; and a second semiconductor layer on the multi-quantum well layers. The at least two multi-quantum well layers may be configured to generate lights having different wavelengths, and white light may be generated by mixing the lights having different wavelengths.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of generating liquidphobic surfaces, and surfaces prepared by these methods. The methods include generating sub-micron-structured surfaces and coating these surfaces with a liquidphobic coating, such as a hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: High efficiency and high capacity glass-free filtration media include a blend of synthetic non-fibrillated staple fibers and fibrillated cellulosic staple fibers, wherein the fibrillated cellulosic fibers are present in the media in an amount to achieve an overall filtration efficiency at 4 microns of 95% or higher and a ratio of filtration capacity to media caliper of 0.5 mg/in2/mils and greater. The filtration media is made by forming a wet laid sheet from a fibrous slurry blend of the synthetic non-fibrillated staple fibers and fibrillated cellulosic staple fibers, followed by drying the sheet to obtain the filtration media. Optionally, the filtration media may be provided with a resin binder and may be grooved and/or pleated.

Abstract: A quality control system for the manufacture of carbon nanostructure-laden substrates includes a resistance measurement module for continuously measuring resistance of the carbon nanostructure (CNS)-laden substrate.

Abstract: A pain reliever comprised of dextrose, aloe vera concentrate, and some or all of the following ingredients: propylene glycol, caprylic/capric tryglicerides, sodium chloride (or acetic acid), a homeopathic anti-inflamatory extract, Dimethyl Sulfone (or Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)), cetyl myristoleate, and a pitcher plant extract. The resulting compositions are a water-based solution and two gel composition applied to the epidermis of mammals for relieving pain.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of forming charge-trapping zones. The methods may include forming nanoparticles, transferring the nanoparticles to a liquid to form a dispersion, forming an aerosol from the dispersion, and then directing the aerosol onto a substrate to form charge-trapping centers comprising the nanoparticles. The charge-trapping zones may be incorporated into flash memory cells.

Abstract: A method of producing nanoparticles comprises effecting conversion of a nanoparticle precursor composition to the material of the nanoparticles. The precursor composition comprises a first precursor species containing a first ion to be incorporated into the growing nanoparticles and a separate second precursor species containing a second ion to be incorporated into the growing nanoparticles. The conversion is effected in the presence of a molecular cluster compound under conditions permitting seeding and growth of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for growing bone cells. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing bone cells, comprising the steps of (a) anodizing a titanium substrate to form an array of titanium dioxide nanotubes on a surface of the titanium substrate, (b) subjecting the anodized titanium substrate to a radio frequency plasma discharge to chemically modify the array of titanium dioxide nanotubes formed on the surface of the titanium substrate, (c) seeding bone cells onto the surface of the titanium substrate that has an array of titanium dioxide nanotubes thereon after the subjecting step, and (d) incubating the seeded bone cells for a period of time effective for the cells to grow and proliferate.

Abstract: A method of forming a nanopore array includes patterning a front layer of a substrate to form front trenches, the substrate including a buried layer disposed between the front layer and a back layer; depositing a membrane layer over the patterned front layer and in the front trenches; patterning the back layer and the buried layer to form back trenches, the back trenches being aligned with the front trenches; forming a plurality of nanopores through the membrane layer; depositing a sacrificial material in the front trenches and the back trenches; depositing front and back insulating layers over the sacrificial material; and heating the sacrificial material to a decomposition temperature of the sacrificial material to remove the sacrificial material and form pairs of front and back channels, wherein the front channel of each channel pair is connected to the back channel of its respective channel pair by an individual nanopore.

Abstract: A method for making electrical interconnections of carbon nanotubes, including a) depositing an ionic liquid including nanoparticles of at least one suspended electrically conducting material, covering at least one surface of an element configured to be used as a support for carbon nanotubes, b) forming a deposit of the nanoparticles at least against the surface of the element, c) removing the remaining ionic liquid, d) growing carbon nanotubes from the deposited nanoparticles, and further including between the c) removing the remaining ionic liquid and the d) growing carbon nanotubes, passivating the deposited nanoparticles not found against the surface of the element.

Abstract: An asymmetrical-nanofinger device for surface-enhanced luminescence. The device includes a substrate, and a plurality of nanofingers coupled with the substrate. The plurality of nanofingers includes a primary nanofinger having a primary active-material cap, and a secondary nanofinger having a secondary active-material cap. An average diameter of the primary active-material cap is substantially greater than an average diameter of the secondary active-material cap. The primary nanofinger and secondary nanofinger of the plurality of nanofingers are to self-arrange into a close-packed configuration with an analyte molecule disposed between the primary active-material cap and the secondary active-material cap. A method for fabricating the asymmetrical-nanofinger device, and an optical apparatus including an optical component that includes the asymmetrical-nanofinger device are also provided.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a nanochannel system using a combination of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microfabrication techniques and atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanolithography. The nanochannel system, fabricated on either a glass or silicon substrate, has channel heights and widths on the order of single to tens of nanometers. The channel length is in the micrometer range. The nanochannel system is equipped with embedded micro or nanoscale electrodes, positioned along the length of the nanochannel for electron tunneling based characterization of nanoscale particles in the channel. Anodic bonding is used to cap off the nanochannel with a cover chip.

Abstract: A method of immobilizing matter for imaging that includes providing an array of nanofibers and directing matter to the array of the nanofibers. The matter is immobilized when contacting at least three nanofibers of the array of nanofibers simultaneously. Adjacent nanofibers in the array of nanofibers may be separated by a pitch as great as 100 microns. The immobilized matter on the array of nanofibers may then be imaged. In some examples, the matter may be cell matter, such as protoplasts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite sintering materials using a carbon nanotube (including carbide nano particles, hereinafter the same) and a manufacturing method thereof, the method comprises the steps of: combining or generating carbon nanotubes in metal powders, a compacted product, or a sintered product; growing and alloying the carbon nanotubes by compacting or sintering the metal powders, the compacted product, or the sintered product; and strengthening the mechanical characteristics by repeatedly performing the sintering process and the combining process or the generating process of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Self-assembling multimeric physical models of closed polyhedral structures made of structurally symmetric units, and which mimic the structure and self-assembly characteristics of naturally occurring systems such as viral capsids, are provided. Also provided are methods of creating structurally symmetric units, kits for forming self-assembling physical models of polyhedral structures, and methods of forming the same.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of hybrid transparent conducting materials and applications thereof are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, a hybrid transparent conducting material may include a polycrystalline film and a plurality of conductive nanostructures randomly dispersed in the polycrystalline film. In another illustrative embodiment, a photovoltaic cell may include a transparent electrode comprising polycrystalline graphene that is percolation doped with metallic nanowires, where the metallic nanowires do not form a percolation network for charge carriers across the transparent electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a thin film prepared using a mixture of nanocrystal particles and a molecular precursor. The nanocrystal is used in the thin film as a nucleus for crystal growth to minimize grain boundaries of the thin film and the molecular precursor is used to form the same crystal structure as the nanocrystal particles, thereby improving the crystallinity of the thin film. The thin film can be used effectively in a variety of electronic devices, including thin film transistors, electroluminescence devices, memory devices, and solar cells. Further disclosed is a method for preparing the thin film.

Abstract: Polymeric sequence probes and methods are described that enhance the speed and sensitivity of detection of target analytes by combining a multiplicity of binding moieties specific for analyte, at least two of which are linearly arranged and optionally a multiplicity of detectable labels.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a physical nano-complex for preventing and treating cancer and a method for manufacturing the same. The composition contains EGCG and nanogold, wherein the ratio of the EGCG to the nanogold is in a range from 23:0.5˜23:10 (ppm/ppm). The present invention further discloses a method for manufacturing the composition, wherein the method is to mix the EGCG and the nanogold sufficiently by an ultrasonication process, which makes the EGCG and the nanogold combine to each other well.

Abstract: The invention relates to tuned multifunctional linker molecules for charge transport through organic-inorganic composite structures. The problem underlying the present invention is to provide multifunctional linker molecules for tuning the conductivity in nanoparticle-linker assemblies which can be used in the formation of electronic networks and circuits and thin films of nanoparticles. The problem is solved according to the invention by providing a multifunctional linker molecule of the general structure CON1-FUNC1-X-FUNC2-CON2 in which X is the central body of the molecule, FUNC1 and FUNC2 independently of each other are molecular groups introducing a dipole moment and/or capable of forming inter-molecular and/or intramolecular hydrogen bonding networks, and CON1 and CON2 independently of each other are molecular groups binding to nanostructured units comprising metal and semiconductor materials.