Method of forming transistor using step STI profile in memory device
A method of forming a memory device includes forming first and second isolation structures on a semiconductor substrate, the first and second isolation structures defining an active region therebetween; and etching a portion of the semiconductor substrate provided within the active region to define a step profile, so that the active region includes a first vertical portion and an upper primary surface, the first vertical portion extending above the upper primary surface.
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The present invention relates to a method for forming a transistor of a memory device using a step Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) profile.
In general, a semiconductor memory device having a small cell size, such as a NAND flash memory device, has been used as a large-capacity storage of portable device. The NAND flash memory has been adapted to provide miniaturization and reduce the cost per bit while maintaining the characteristics of the memory device. The size of a transistor in the cell region and the peripheral region needs to be reduced to reduce the cost per bit for the NAND device. The reduction in cell size in the cell and peripheral regions, however, generally results in degradation of the performance of the corresponding transistors.
In a NAND flash memory of gigabit grade, the cell gate length of 0.1 μm or less is used and the peripheral transistor gate length of about 0.1-0.3 μm is used. The NAND device with such small or short channel experiences a variety of problems, including leakage current. For this reason, many people have attempted to solve the leakage current and other short channel effects using various methods such as the Pocket and Halo technique.
This method compensates for the leakage current by providing pocket and halo implants 130 that are selectively injected into the ends of the junction to reduce the depletion width of the junction. In addition, shallow junctions 120 are formed to compensate for the problem of a deep junction 110. To reduce Rs (surface resistance) and Rc (contact resistance), methods such as forming an amorphous junction through implantation of Si and Ge have been used.
However, such a method is difficult to implement, and also it is difficult to uniformly obtain the desired characteristics for each unit transistor. Consequently, reducing the chip size while maintaining the desired transistor characteristics represent a difficult challenge for the semiconductor industry.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONEmbodiments of the present invention relate to forming a transistor in a memory device, such as a NAND device. The transistor is formed in such a way that the performance of a transistor in a cell region and a peripheral region (or peri-region) is improved by using a step STI profile, which uses spacers. A wide active region width, wider than the actual STI pitch, is obtained under this method.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of forming a transistor of a NAND flash memory device using a step element isolation film profile, including the steps of forming a pad oxide film and an insulation nitride film on a semiconductor substrate; forming trenches for isolation through a mask pattern; forming sidewall oxide films within the trenches; forming a high density plasma oxide film on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate so that the trenches are completely filled; removing the high density plasma oxide film using a CMP process so that the insulation nitride film is exposed; removing the insulation nitride film to form an isolation film; forming step element isolation film spacers on both sidewalls of the isolation film; and removing the pad oxide film by a step element isolation film etch process to form a step element isolation film profile.
In one embodiment, a method of forming a memory device includes forming first and second isolation structures on a semiconductor substrate, the first and second isolation structures defining an active region therebetween; and etching a portion of the semiconductor substrate provided within the active region to define a step profile, so that the active region includes a first vertical portion and an upper primary surface, the first vertical portion extending above the upper primary surface. The isolation structure is a shallow trench isolation structure.
The present invention will now be described in detail using specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
To form a step STI profile 314, a portion of the silicon substrate 300 not covered by the STI spacer 312 are etched. That is, the spacers 312 are used as masks for the silicon etch. The substrate is etched to a depth of B. The maximum dimension for the depth B depends in part on the subsequent gate formation technology. For example, the higher the trench aspect ratio (i.e., the depth-to-width), the more difficult it is to completely fill the trench without voids with the polysilicon, which is one of the gate materials used for the NAND device.
With the formation of the step STI profile 314, the active width is increased as much as twice that of the depth B. The resulting increase in the active area enables the on-current of the transistor to be increased. As shown in
In addition, since the active width per unit cell of a memory device (e.g., NAND flash memory device) has been increased, the Fouler-Nordheim (FN) current (depending on an increased width of the active region) is also increased, resulting in faster program speed.
Referring to
After performing the implantation steps, a tunnel oxide 320 is formed. The tunnel oxide 320 is formed using a radical tunneling oxidation process in one embodiment. A polysilicon layer is deposited on the substrate over the tunnel oxide 320 and within the two STI profiles 314. The aspect ratio (AR), i.e., the depth (B) to the space (A) of the step STI profile 314 shown in
In the present embodiment, after the formation of the step STI profile 314 and prior to the formation of the tunnel oxide 320, an annealing step is performed in an oxygen environment to round the bottom corners of the STI profiles 314. The annealing is performed at 800.degree. to 1100.degree. to form an oxide film having 10 .ANG. to 30 .ANG. in thickness. Thereafter, the oxide film is removed, e.g., using a wet etch process, leaving the corners rounded. In addition, the damages to the silicon crystal resulting from the silicon etch are repaired by the annealing step.
If the tunnel oxide 320 is formed directly over the substrate (i.e., directly over the sharp corner portions of the STI profiles 314) without this annealing step, an oxide thinning phenomenon may occur at the corners. If oxide thinning occurs, there is a high possibility that a hump may be generated in the transistor. After the tunnel oxide 320 has been formed, additional processes are performed to fabricate the memory device.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, a step STI profile is formed through formation of spacers and etch. As a result, a wide active width can be secured and the performance of a transistor in a cell region and a peri region can be improved. Furthermore, since the chip size can be reduced to save manufacturing cost per bit. The cell current and the program speed can be improved. Although the foregoing description has been made with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that changes and modifications of the present invention may be made by the ordinary skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention and appended claims.
Claims
1. A method of forming a memory device, comprising:
- forming first and second isolation structures on a semiconductor substrate, the first and second isolation structures defining an active region therebetween;
- forming STI spacers on sidewalls of the first and the second isolation structures;
- forming a trench having a width narrower than a distance between the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure to form a step profile in the active region by etching the semiconductor substrate using the STI spacers as an etching mask; and
- forming a doped region to be used as a source region or a drain region in a bottom side of the trench and in a sidewall of the trench by performing an ion implantation process,
- wherein the doped region is formed after forming the first and second isolation structures.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the STI spacers are formed to a thickness of 100 Å to 1000 Å.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the slanted implantation method involves implanting the dopants into the active region using an implantation angle of 4-15 degrees.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertical implantation method involves implanting the dopants into the active region using an implantation angle of substantially 0 degree.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the STI spacers are formed using one of an oxide film or a nitride film.
6. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
- performing an annealing process to form an oxide film;
- removing the oxide film, using a wet etching process, leaving corners of the STI profiles rounded; and
- forming a tunnel oxide film over the semiconductor substrate within the active region using a radical oxidization process.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the STI spacers are formed using LP-TEOS, HTO, or MTO.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the oxide film is formed at a temperature between 800° C. and 1100< C. and a thickness of 10 Å to 30 Å.
9. A method of forming a memory device, comprising:
- forming first and second isolation structures on a semiconductor substrate, the first and second isolation structures defining an active region therebetween;
- forming first and second spacers provided adjacent to the first and second isolation structures, respectively, the first and second spacers exposing a portion of the substrate;
- etching the exposed portion of the substrate to define a step profile, so that the active region includes first and second vertical portions and an upper primary surface, the first and second vertical portions extending above the upper primary surface, the first vertical portion being provided directly below the first spacer, the second vertical portion being provided directly below the second spacer;
- forming a doped region to be used as a source region or a drain region in a bottom side of the step profile and in a sidewall of the step profile by performing an ion implantation process, wherein the doped region is formed after forming the first and second isolation structures;
- annealing the semiconductor substrate after the etching step to round a corner defined by the step profile;
- removing an oxide film formed over the substrate as a result of the annealing; and
- thereafter, forming a tunnel oxide over the semiconductor substrate within the active region, wherein the tunnel oxide is formed using a radical oxidization process.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ion implantation process includes a vertical implantation and a slanted implantation methods.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the ion implantation process includes a vertical implantation and a slanted implantation methods.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 29, 2005
Date of Patent: Feb 9, 2010
Patent Publication Number: 20060223263
Assignee: Hynix Semiconductor Inc. (Icheon-si)
Inventor: Hyun Hu (Seoul)
Primary Examiner: Fernando L Toledo
Assistant Examiner: Ankush K Singal
Attorney: Townsend and Townsend and Crew LLP
Application Number: 11/322,843
International Classification: H01L 21/76 (20060101);