Abstract: A surface-treating agent for a high-temperature refractory material, essentially consisting of 35.0 to 50.0 wt % of sodium silicate, 1.0 to 10.0 wt % of lithium compound, 1.0 to 10.0 wt % of alkali borate, 1 to 10.0 wt % of an organic silicone compound represented by the formula, R--Si(OH).sub.2 Na, wherein R stands for an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and water and having a viscosity of not more than 100 cps at 20.degree. C., and a method for the surface treatment of a high-temperature refractory material, essentially consisting of rapidly spraying the treating agent mentioned above onto the surface of the refractory material when it is at a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 1200.degree. C., thereby forming a layer of the treating agent in a molten state, and retaining the layer at a temperature of at least 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a water-based paint composition comprising sodium silicate, water, water-soluble base, metal oxide pigment, and glass frit as an adhesion promoter. Preferably, it further comprises zinc oxide, surfactants, and aluminum hydroxide. In other aspects, it is directed to the method of making the composition, and glass sheets having a cured paint field thereon, and the method of making such glass sheets.

Abstract: New alkali metal cyanide granulates based on sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide and a method for their preparation are disclosed. Commercially available alkali metal cyanide granulates consist of irregular particles; disadvantages are in particular the tendencies to form dust and to cake. The disclosed alkali metal cyanide granulates demonstrate a reduced tendency to cake and virtually no abrasion. The granulates are characterized by essentially spherical particles with particle diameters in the range 0.1 to 20 mm, a bulk density of more than 600 g/dm.sup.3, an abrasion of less than 1%, and a caking index of at most 4. The granulates can be prepared by fluidized bed spray granulation involving spraying an aqueous solution containing alkali metal cyanide onto alkali metal cyanide nuclei in a fluidized bed and evaporating the water.

Abstract: A binder composition for three dimensional printing of parts is disclosed which is stable during storage and passage through a printhead, yet able to gel under the conditions existing in a powder bed. The binder composition comprises colloidal silica, a catalyst able to promote gelation of the composition when the composition is below a predetermined pH value, and a base able to maintain the pH of the composition above the predetermined value at which the composition gels. Preferably, the catalyst is polyethylene glycol or another ethylene oxide-derived polymer, and the base is triethanolamine. Upon impact with a powder bed, the pH of the binder composition is reduced, as by adding an acid such as citric acid to the powder, thereby causing the binder to gel in the powder.

Abstract: In moldings which have a density of from 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 and contain silica aerogel particles which have a mean diameter d.sub.m of from 0.001 to 8 mm and are bonded to one another by means of at least one organic or inorganic binder, the binder contains sheet silicates and/or clay minerals.

Abstract: A cement composition including spodumene which has been heated to at least 1000.degree. C. which is capable of inhibiting expansion of the concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction. The present invention also provides a method of reducing expansion in cement compositions.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous sodium and potassium silicate composite material with predetermined hardness ion sequestration properties achieved by controlling the process for forming the material. The process for producing the crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous sodium and potassium silicate composite comprises hydrolyzing DB-1 crystalline sodium and potassium silicate glasses as a precursor material to produce the composite material known as DB-2. Hydrolysis of the DB-1 precursor material is achieved by adding typically up to 100.0 milliequivalents per gram of H.sub.3 O.sup.+ ions or up to 50 milliequivalents per gram of OH.sup.- ions. The resulting DB-2 material can sequester CA.sup.2+ ions, Mg.sup.+ ions, or both, depending on the results desired, processing conditions, and starting materials used.

Abstract: A mixture producing a slurry for coating metallic vehicle exhaust conduits utilizing a refractory cement and a caustic or alkaline salt binder. Sufficient amounts of water are also employed in the slurry resulting in a flowable material. The slurry flows over and hardens as a thin uniform coating on the interior surface of an exhaust conduit. The coating exhibits excellent adhesion to the metallic material, does not crack or chip under impact forces, and possesses a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to the underlying metallic structure.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a crystalline hydrated layered sodium silicate/amorphous sodium silicate composite material with predetermined hardness ion sequestration properties achieved by control of the process for forming the material, and a process for making the material. The process for producing the crystalline hydrated layered sodium silicate/amorphous sodium silicate composite consists of producing a crystalline sodium disilicate by heating a sodium silicate at a specified time and temperature. The resulting material may include amorphous material, and the crystalline sodium disilicate can be either alpha-phase or delta-phase disilicate. This crystalline sodium disilicate is then hydrolyzed with up to 50.0 milliequivalents per gram of either H.sub.3 O.sup.+ ions or OH.sup.- ions. The resulting material can sequester Ca.sup.2+ ions, Mg.sup.2+ ions, or both, depending on the results desired, processing conditions, and starting materials used.

Abstract: An insoluble silica based film is formed by placing an ammonium compound and an alcohol as a plasticizing agent in an aqueous solution and blending the aqueous solution with a sodium silicate. The mixture is allowed to condense which produces the insoluble silica-based film. The film is used as a binder, and has particular application as a vehicle in a paint. The invention also describes a method for preparing an insoluble silica-based binder.

Abstract: A penetrant composition for applying to and penetrating into weather exposed surface materials to prevent moss growth thereon is described. The composition is an aqueous solution containing Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant for increasing the permeability of the composition into the surface material. A method of protecting weather exposed surface material from moss growth thereon is also described. The method involves the steps of providing a composition including water, Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant. Approximately 1 gallon of the composition is applied per 100 square feet of surface to be protected. The composition is allowed to dry on and in the surface material at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: Substantially spherical particles of lithium silicates with improved mechanical properties and improved surface quality are provided, which are particularly suited for use as breeding material for tritium. The particles are characterized in that they contain additions of tellurium and/or tellurium compounds.

Abstract: A reinforcing composition is provided comprising pellets produced by the process of hydrating glass fibers to achieve a water content on the glass fibers of from about 11 weight percent to about 20 weight percent, mixing the glass fibers for at least about three minutes, thereby forming pellets, and drying.

Abstract: Inorganic liquid filler compositions, well suited for the sealing or consolidation of ground formations or construction/building materials by injecting such composition into the fissures, cavities or interstices thereof (void volume) and permitting the composition to harden, comprise a homogeneous solution of (i) an alkali metal silicate, (ii) an alkali metal polyphosphate and (iii) an alkali metal aluminate.

Abstract: A 2-component composition is disclosed which contains an inorganic binder as well as a curing agent composed of water or an aqueous solution. The composition also contains substances which regulate solidification and curing, as well as, if necessary, conventional amounts of slag powders, fillers and blowing agents. The composition is distinguished by the fact that it cures rapidly even at low temperatures and can be used in small amounts. As a result, the composition is particularly suitable as a dowelling composition for fastening anchor rods in boreholes.

Abstract: The invention relates to new curable inorganic resins based on alkali metal boroaluminosilicates, which, before curing, include inorganic elements in the reactive state, in the following proportions, expressed as their molar ratio of oxides:2.ltoreq.SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.41.3.ltoreq.X.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.3.810.ltoreq.H.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.280.5<B.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.2.0X.sub.2 O denoting one or more alkali metal oxides chosen from Na.sub.2 O, K.sub.2 O, Li.sub.2 O, and optionally fillers.The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of these new inorganic resins.The cured resins obtained are very useful for manufacturing heat protection materials.

Abstract: The invention provides modified stonework material as well as modified woven fabric, paper, and ligneous materials with improved water-proof, dust-prevention, wear-resistance, and others. These porous materials are rendered non-porous by causing aqueous solution of alkali silicate to penetrate into such porous materials to produce calcium silicate and colloidal silicic acid in the presence of ammonium ions and halogen ions, the solution of which fills the voids in the material perfectly to render it non-porous.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a water-based paint composition comprising sodium silicate, water, water-soluble base, metal oxide pigment, and zinc oxide as an adhesion promoter. Preferably, it further comprises glass frit and surfactants. In other aspects, it is directed to the method of making the composition, and glass sheets having a cured paint field thereon, and the method of making such glass sheets.

Abstract: A process of coating a glass substrate with a ceramic-like tough film, as well as the composite product of said process is disclosed. The process comprises forming, by conventional coating methods, a film of an aqueous silicate composition on the surface of a glass substrate. The aqueous silicate composition comprises pigment, aqueous silicate solutions, alkali metal hydroxide, colloidal silica and feldspar. The process is especially useful for rendering architectural grade and automobile glass opaque and decorative.

Abstract: This invention relates to heat curable foundry binder systems comprising as separate components (a) a caustic solution of an alkali silicate and (b) hydrated aluminum silicate. The solution is mixed with sand to form a foundry mix. The resulting foundry mix is shaped and heated at an elevated temperature to form a cured foundry shape. Heat is applied by warm air, baking in an oven, microwave, or preferably from hot-box equipment.

Abstract: A novel solution for adding fire resistance to finely divided wood, cellulosic and fabric containing materials is described. This solution is a particular mixture of silicates of varying viscosity and may be added, in a novel process, to the finely divided wood, cellulosic and fabric containing materials during the manufacture thereof. This is a highly utile method for adding fire resistance and other factors to this material. The finely divided materials may be made from any conventional sources and include waste products. Thus, the products made from combining the solution of this invention with the finely divided materials have high value in use since recycled ingredients are involved. Products made from these mixtures and the finely divided materials include building materials such as panels and tiles as well as insulation materials which can replace the more hazardous fiber glasses.

Abstract: A friction lining comprising an inorganic silicate-containing binder without resin binder components, comprising a mixture of finely divided SiO.sub.2 (constituent a) and at least partially water-soluble silicates (constituent b). The mixture of constituent a and constituent b are cured in the presence of water at low temperatures, thereby forming a three-dimensional inorganic polysilicate matrix. Heterogeneous additive particles are incorporated into the three-dimensional inorganic polysilicate matrix during curing of the mixture at low temperatures, thereby forming a solid body with the additive particles serving as fillers, sliding agents, lubricants or coefficient of friction modifiers. These additive particles do not include resin binder forming agents.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a composite material of one or more preformed reinforcement materials co-influencing the final shape and made of tension-resistant organic and/or inorganic material, a second material of alkali water glass and a finely disperse mineralic filler, with hardening having been effected by drying at 80.degree. to 120.degree. C., or by drying at 80.degree. to 120.degree. C. and subsequent tempering at 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. The process for producing said composite material and its use as a fire-proof, bending tension-resistant construction element formed as desired is disclosed.

Abstract: Inorganic settable slurries well suited for the sealing and/or consolidation of unstable soil/ground formations, or for the sealing/repair of defective building materials, include (a) an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, (b) a water-soluble calcium compound, e.g., lime, (c) an alkali metal aluminate, and (d) an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminate structure from smooth and corrugated webs which may be used to form a corrugated or cellular contactor for the exchange of heat, moisture, and the like. The paper webs are saturated with a concentrated waterglass solution and partially dried. A first web is then corrugated after which the first and second webs are pressed together to form a laminate structure which is subsequently dried.

Abstract: New additive composition, in liquid or powder form, for thin slabs, plasters, concretes, prefabricated elements and refrectory elements, with insulating and impermeabilizing properties and with antishrink characteristics, comprising a bonding agent and an additive comprising a mixture of carbonates containing 59-75% CaCO.sub.3, 25-37% Si(CO.sub.3).sub.2, 0-2% Al.sub.2 (CO.sub.3).sub.3, 0-1% MgCO.sub.3 and 0-1% Fe.sub.2 (CO.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: An injection product for fine sands and other porous matter. This product comprises, on the one hand, cement and an alkaline silicate and, on the other hand, an agent inhibiting the reaction between the above two constituents. Application is in the field of construction.

Abstract: A penetrant composition for applying to and penetrating into weather exposed surface materials to prevent moss growth thereon is described. The composition is an aqueous solution containing Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant for increasing the permeability of the composition into the surface material. A method of protecting weather exposed surface material from moss growth thereon is also described. The method involves the steps of providing a composition including water, Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant. Approximately 1 gallon of the composition is applied per 100 square feet of surface to be protected. The composition is allowed to dry on and in the surface material at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A sand consolidating method is provided for use in a borehole within an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole and cause caving. After perforating the borehole's casing at an interval of the formation where sand will be produced, an aqueous silicate solution is injected into said interval. Next, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible hydrocarbonaceous liquid is introduced into the interval. Thereafter, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and inorganic salt or chelated calcium is injected into the interval. A permeability retentive silicate cement is formed in the interval. Injection of the aqueous silicate and organic solvent is continued until the interval has been consolidated by the silicate cement to an extent sufficient to prevent sand migration and thereby prevent caving.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the higher permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 400.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and an inorganic salt or a chelated calcium compound are injected into the higher permeability zone. A silicate cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. Initially, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or organoammonium hydroxide is injected into a zone of greater permeability in a formation. Thereafter, a spacer volume of a water-miscible organic solvent is injected into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the greater permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing off the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide stimulation or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to abrasion-resistant granular materials which are composed of one or more inorganic pigments, one or more inorganic elements and/or compounds with a Mohs hardness of at least 7 and one or more inorganic and/or organic binders and optionally frits and/or glasses and/or inorganic fillers, and to their production and their use.

Abstract: A ceramic coating for a subminiature fuse includes sodium silicate and silicon dioxide applied over a subminiature fuse wire in slurry form. The coating gives the fuse arc quenching properties.

Abstract: A non-melted, non-powder concentrated colorant material consists essentially of a flux that is not over 30% by weight of an alkali metal borate, a binder that is an alkali metal silicate and 35-60% V.sub.2 O.sub.5. The flux, binder and colorant oxide constitute at least 90% of the composition. A method of producing a black glass-ceramic material comprises forming the colorant material into particles and adding the particles to a precursor glass for the glass-ceramic while the glass is passing through the forehearth of a glass tank in a molten state.

Abstract: A novel and stable solution that can be applied on already existing cementitious structures or mixed with the cementitious matter prior to casting, is described. This solution is a simple, stable and environmentally safe material containing a sodium silicate, a dispersing agent and water containing a polysiloxane. Structures that have this material coated thereon or mixed therewith exhibit significant resistance to water penetration and resulting corrosion of re-bar elements and spalling of the concrete.

Abstract: Reactive metals, such as titanium or nickel-chrome superalloys containing rare earths, are cast with mold and/or core surface areas formed from an improved slurry. The improved slurry contains yttria to form an inert surface which is exposed to the molten reactive metal. In order to prevent premature gelation of the slurry, the forming of defects in the mold and/or core surface areas, and the forming of defects in the cast article, the slurry contains a source of hydroxyl ions. The source of hydroxyl ions is sufficient to result in the slurry having a pH of at least 10.2 six days after initially mixing the slurry. The source of hydroxyl ions may be a metal alkali or an organic hydroxide. It is believed that the source of hydroxyl ions functions as a hydration suppressant for the yttria to prevent premature gelation of the slurry. The slurry contains a silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2) to alkali ratio which is equivalent to a silicon oxide to sodium oxide (Na.sub.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a process for coating a titanium dioxide pigment according to which a dispersion of titanium dioxide in water is formed, optionally in the presence of a dispersing agent, such as a water soluble silicate and/or an aminoalcohol, whereafter to the titanium dioxide pigment dispersion (1) an acidic hydrolysable titanium compound in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight calculated as TiO.sub.2, (2) a water soluble phosphate in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight calculated as P.sub.2 O.sub.5, (3) an acidic hydrolysable zirconium salt in an amount of 0.1 to 1.4% by weight calculated as ZrO.sub.2, is added, the slurry is made alkaline with a base, and (4) a water soluble hydrolysable alkaline aluminium compound is added in an amount of 0.5 to 5.5% by weight calculated as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, whereby all the percentages by weight are calculated from the weight of the TiO.sub.

Abstract: A silica-based coating for, and a method for coating glass, metal, ceramic, and plastic surfaces by forming single cross-linked O-Si-O polymer chains. The coating generally comprises a binder and a filler. The binder is a mixture of silica-based polymers, colloidal silica, and metal oxide particles in an aqueous suspension. It includes four main ingredients: an alkali metal silicate; silica gel; a cross-linking agent such as methyltrimethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane; and water. After curing, the binder forms an amorphous layer that binds the fillers to the surface. The protective coating is formed at room temperature, without the addition of energy in any form. The fillers are chosen to provide the coating with mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, and increased corrosion resistance. Fillers may also be chosen to modify the coating's dielectric constant, to improve the coating's surface lubricity, and to alter the coating's thermal coefficient of expansion.

Abstract: Lithium silicate solution having a SiO.sub.2 :Li.sub.2 O weight ratio from 7.5:1 to 9:1 is usable as the sole silicate binder. This silicate binder is of particular value in preparing welding rods having reduced chromium emission the fumes.

Abstract: Macro defect free cementitious products are obtained by curing or firing a cementitious composition comprising water, a reactive filler and a water soluble alkali metal silicate.The products show good strength and heat and water stability, by contrast with known mdf products where leaching out of the polymers used results in decreased strength.

Abstract: A process for producing a refractory material and to the material so-produced. The process comprises calcining red mud obtained as a by-product of the Bayer process of producing alumina, grinding the calcined product to form particles of -4 Tyler mesh, mixing the ground product with a binder (e.g. colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, sodium silicate or sodium aluminate) and sufficient water to produce a formable mixture. The mixture is then formed into a desired shape and fired, preferably after curing and drying. The resulting fired products have good resistance to high temperatures and to corrosive chemicals such as cryolite. Consequently, the products can be used as refractory linings for aluminium production cells, and in similar applications.

Abstract: Heat ablative compositions, comprises a binder and a filler including a combination of aluminum sulfate hydrate and aluminum ammonium sulfate hydrate. The combination produces a synergistic effect on the fire protection rating of the composition. The binder may be chosen from inorganic or organic binders.

Abstract: A metal-made ornamental article, such as watch cases and the like, is provided with a bilayered coating layer composed of an undercoating layer of a specified thickness formed from an aqueous colloidal solution of sodium silicate and silica sol in a specified proportion and a top-coating layer of a specified thickness formed by coating with a solution of a partial hydrolysis-condensation product of an organic silicate ester compound, such as ethyl silicate, followed by baking to effect curing of the coating layer.

Abstract: The use of a liquid mixture of a liquid alkali-metal silicate preferably sodium or potassium silicate and more preferably sodium silicate with an inert mineral filler selected from perilite and vermiculite, suitably in an amount from 5 to 50% by weight and a mineral powder suitably selected from aluminum trihydrate and Wollastonite in an amount such as to intumesce with said silicate and to form a non-porous ceramic coating when subject to fire and suitably in an amount from 2 to 25% by weight for the protection of steel beams and columns against twisting due to fire. The formation of such coating both insulates and protects the steel beam or column from the heat from said fire. Suitably the thickness of the coating is at least two inches and is preferably from 2 to 4 inches to achieve the protection.

Abstract: A cement based on blast-furnace slag and fly ash, characterized in that the cement is a homogeneous dry particulate mixture in ready-to-use form, which comprises blast-furnace slag having a specific surface area of 500-650 m.sup.2 /kg and fly ash in a weight ratio in the range of 20/80-60/40, and further comprises the following components in the amounts indicated, calculated on the total mixture: at least 2% by weight of portland cement clinker and 2-12% by weight of sodium silicate (calculated as Na.sub.2 O+SiO.sub.2).

Abstract: A composition for the production of an open-pore foam product from essentially inorganic components contains, in addition to known components, a rock-forming solid substance, a curing agent, a foaming additive, and an at least partly alkali-soluble protein to produce open pores. The rock-forming component is a reactive solid substance selected from the group consisting ofI finely dispersed oxide mixture containing amorphous silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide,II vitreous, amorphous electrofilter ash,III milled calcined bauxite,IV electrofilter ash from a brown coal power station,V undissolved amorphous silicon dioxide from an amorphous disperse powder-like, dehydrated or water-containing silicic acid or from high temperature processes (silica fume),VI metakaolin, andVII cement.The curing agent is an alkali metal silicate solution containing 1.2 to 2.5 mols of silicon dixoide per mol of potassium oxide and/or sodium oxide.

Abstract: A composition for use in manufacturing fire and heat resistant components, typically by moulding, comprises a mixture of foamed filler, a liquid binder and one or more frits. The composition may itself be moulded to form such components or may be included in other moulding systems to impart fire and heat resistant properties to a moulding.

Abstract: A binder composition is taught for the granulation of fine particulate fertilizer, which binder comprises an admixture of reactive carbonate, sulfate, silicate strengthener, and water dispersant, said binder being reactive in the presence of an acid activator.

Abstract: A composition to produce an adherent and water insoluble deposit on substrate surfaces. A coating material for these surfaces is described which can be applied at any temperature up to at least 2000 degrees F., with the resultant deposit being highly adherent and water insoluble after short drying times. This coating has a liquid phase formed from at least water, a pre-reacted lithium silicate, and a pre-reacted potassium silicate. It can also contain a sodium silicate. This coating can be expressed as being about 69 to about 79 wt. % water and about 21 to about 31 wt. % a mixture of R.sub.2 O and SiO.sub.2. The R.sub.2 O is selected from either a mixture of Li.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O or from a mixture of Li.sub.2 O, K.sub.2 O and Na.sub.2 O. The R.sub.2 O and SiO.sub.2 typically have a molar ratio of about 0.24 to about 0.29, and the K.sub.2 O is about 35 to 85% of the total molar amount of the R.sub.2 O. When Na.sub.2 O is present, it is up to about 10% of the total molar amount of the R.sub.2 O.