Abstract: A method of manufacturing a decorative plate (1) includes the steps of: preparing a metal substrate and covering selected areas (11, 16) of the substrate with a protective film; anodizing the substrate; and removing the protective film to expose metallic surfaces in the selected areas of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the surface-immobilization of antimicrobial polymers, where the surface-immobilization of the antimicrobial polymers takes place by metal deposition, and also to a metal coating having antimicrobial properties.

Abstract: Carbon nanoparticles including both nanofilaments and nanotubes produced by an electrochemical deposition method from organic solutions at room temperature, in which the formation and growth of carbon nanoparticles are stimulated by the catalyst, such as iron and nickel. It has been found that the electrochemical deposition conditions have a strong influence on the growth phenomenon of the carbon nanotubes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmitting electron microscope (TEM) characterizations show that the diameter of nanotubes is of the order of approximately 100 nm, and the length of filaments can be up to approximately 50 &mgr;m, depending on the size of catalyst particles.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an inorganic layer on a surface of a copper material, made of copper or of a copper-based alloy: a browning anodic oxidation process is performed on the copper material in an electrolytic bath containing only an alkali (for example NaOH) at a specified concentration in aqueous solution, under controlled condition of temperature and anodic current density and for a period of time suitable to form a continuous layer basically formed of copper (I) oxide (Cu2O): layers highly adherent to the copper substrate and having good mechanical behavior are produced: different colors and optical properties may be obtained by controlling the process conditions so as to influence the crystalline form of the Cu2O layers.

Abstract: Waterborne cathodic electrodeposition (CED) coating agents comprising resin solids and optionally pigments, fillers, organic solvents and conventional coating additives, wherein said CED coating agents comprise at least one bismuth salt selected from the group consisting of bismuth hydroxycarboxylic acid salts and bismuth sulfonic acid salts in a quantity of 0.1 to 2.5 wt-%, calculated as bismuth and relative to resin solids content, together with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of yttrium and neodymium compounds in a quantity of 0.1 to 1 wt-%, calculated as metal and relative to resin solids content.

Abstract: In an anodization apparatus and an anodization method for electrochemically treating a target substrate by irradiating the target substrate with light, treatment of a large target substrate can be made possible with smaller constituent elements. The electrical contact with the target substrate by a contact member is realized by a plurality of contact members or by the movement of a contact member to change the electrical contact position. The target substrate is manufactured in advance so as to have such a structure that portions thereof to be in contact with the plural contact members are connected to portions of a conductive layer on a treatment part thereof respectively.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a positive electrode foil of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is provided in which anodizing conditions are optimally determined and automatically set to minimize the loss of production and to produce a constant quality of the positive electrode foil. The method comprises an etching process and an anodizing process. An etched foil produced in the etching process is subjected to a constant current inspection, and then, the anodizing conditions are determined from the result of the constant current inspection. The anodizing conditions are transferred to a control panel in the anodizing process where they are automatically registered as its settings. Also, an apparatus for manufacturing the positive electrode foil is provided which has a voltage sensor connected between an output running roller and cathode electrodes in an anodizing tank. A voltage measured by the voltage sensor is fed back to a direct-current source for controlling its output voltage.

Abstract: An oxide film is formed on an object made of a magnesium material. For the film formation, the object is immersed into an electrolyte that contains insoluble particles and alkali metal hydroxide. In the electrolyte, the object is anodized to be coated with an oxide film. In the presence of the insoluble particles dispersed in the electrolyte, the oxide film takes in nearby particles as it is growing on the object during the anodizing process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of anodizing a component, preferably aluminum, is disclosed. The component is placed in an electrolyte solution. A number of pulses are applied to-the solution and component. Each pulse is formed by a pattern including having three magnitudes. The third magnitude is less, preferably substantially less, than the first and second magnitudes, and all three magnitudes are of the same polarity. The pulse pattern may include alternations between the first and second magnitudes, and following the alternations, the third magnitude. Other patterns may be provided. The solution is in a reaction chamber, along with at least a portion of the component. The fluid enters the reaction chamber from a transport chamber through a plurality of inlets directed toward the component, preferably at an angle of between 60 and 70 degrees. The inlet is preferably the cathode, and the component is the anode, whereby current flows between the cathode and the anode in another embodiment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cationic paint composition which contains, as resin component, an amino group-containing epoxy resin obtained by making an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 300-2500 react with a hydroxyl group-containing carboxylic acid, which is prepared by allowing caprolactone to react to a hydroxyl group of a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, and with an amino group-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cationic paint composition containing as resin component a polyol-modified amino group-containing epoxy resin obtained by reacting an epoxy resin with epoxy equivalent 180-2500 with a alkyl phenol and/or a carboxylic acid; a polyol obtained by adding a caprolactone to a compound containing a plurality of active hydrogen groups and an amino group-containing compound.

Abstract: According to the invention, silicon nanoparticles are applied to a substrate using an electrochemical plating processes, analogous to metal plating. An electrolysis tank of an aqueous or non-aqueous solution, such as alcohol, ether, or other solvents in which the particles are dissolved operates at a current flow between the electrodes. In applying silicon nanoparticles to a silicon, metal, or non-conducting substrate, a selective area plating may be accomplished by defining areas of different conductivity on the substrate. Silicon nanoparticle composite platings and stacked alternating material platings are also possible. The addition of metal ions into the silicon nanoparticle solution produces a composite material plating. Either composite silicon nanoparticle platings or pure silicon nanoparticle platings may be stacked with each other or with convention metal platings.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: A sliding member having excellent seizure resistance comprising a metallic member provided with a sulfide-based solid lubricating layer on the sliding surface thereof is provided, characterized in that the interface of the metallic member in contact with said solid lubricating layer is provided with a surface roughness Rmax of 1 &mgr;m or higher. The sliding member above is obtained by preparing an aqueous solution dissolved therein one or two types or more of thiocyanates or thiosulfates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, and by performing electrolytic treatment in which a steel member the surface roughness thereof is controlled is used as the anode. In this manner, an iron sulfide based layer is formed on the surface of the steel member by using the Fe component derived from the steel and the S component from the solution as the reacting agents.

Abstract: An electrolyte comprising a polyester condensation product of 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol and boric acid; and further comprising dimethyl amino ethoxy ethanol in an amount to reduce the resistance of the electrolyte. The electrolyte may further comprise ortho-phosphoric acid and at least one substituted pyrrolidone or lactone, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxy ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or 4-butyrolactone. The ortho-phosphoric acid prevents hydration of anodic aluminum oxide in contact with the solution. The pyrrolidone or lactone reduce the resistance of the electrolyte. The electrolyte may also comprise sodium silicate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a zinc oxide film on a conductive substrate, which comprises dipping the conductive substrate and a counter electrode in an aqueous solution containing at least nitric acid ion and zinc ion and supplying a current between these electrodes to form a zinc oxide film, wherein the aqueous solution further contains polycarboxylic acid in which a carboxyl radical is bonded to each of carbon having sp2 hybrid orbital, or its ester with a concentration of 0.5 &mgr;mol/L to 500 &mgr;mol/L. Thereby, it is possible to form in a short time a thin film having texture structure exhibiting an optical confinement effect, to prevent abnormal growth of a deposited film, and to obtain a zinc oxide thin film having excellent uniformity and adhesion on a surface thereof where the film is formed. Also, by applying the photovoltaic device to a stacked structure, it is possible to enhance the photoelectric characteristics and mass producibility.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: This invention disclosed in this application relates to a process for forming oxide based dense ceramic composite coatings on reactive metal and alloy bodies. The process involves suspension of at least two reactive metal or alloy bodies in a non-metallic, non-conducting, non-reactive chamber in such a way that it causes either partial or full immersion of the said bodies in a continuously circulating electrolyte. Thyristor controlled, modified shaped wave multiphase alternating current power supply is applied across the said bodies where in each body is connected to an electrode. Electric current supplied to the said bodies where in each body is connected to an electrode. Electric current supplied to the said bodies is slowly increased to a particular value till the required current density is achieved and the maintained at the same level throughout the process. Visible arcing at the surface of the immersed regions of the said bodies is identified when the applied electric potential crosses 60V.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for anodizing a component. The component is placed in a container having a supply port, a drain port and a supply passage. The supply passage faced on a surface of the component to be anodized. A reaction medium is supplied from the supply port to the drain port. An electric current is supplied from an electrode provided on the drain port side of the surface. The apparatus prevents any hydrogen gas created by the electrode from recirculating to the surface of the component.

Abstract: An electrode consisting of a substrate and a diamond layer applied to the substrate, in which the applied diamond layer is pore-free, and a process for producing a diamond-coated electrode, in which the process comprises at least the following steps: a) cleaning the surface of the substrate; b) seeding the surface of the substrate with a high diamond nucleation density; c) coating the surface of the substrate with diamond.

Abstract: The invention concerns a steel plate coated with a metal layer based on zinc and a zinc hydroxysulphate layer, whereof the surface density of sulphur is more than 0.5 mg/m2. The invention also concerns a method for obtaining said plate by treating a zinc coated sheet metal: either in a highly alkaline sulphate solution under polarization; or in a sulphate solution containing Zn2+ ions without polarization. The hydroxysulphate deposit brings about a pre-lubricating effect applicable to operations for forming sheet metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aluminum material to which a surface treatment is performed, and has as its objective the provision of a surface-treated aluminum material that has excellent adhesive properties with organic resin film. The present invention further aims to provide a method for producing the aforementioned. In the present invention's surface-treated aluminum material, a non-porous anodic oxide film is formed to the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy. This non-porous anodic oxide film has a thickness in the range of 5˜800 nm, a porosity of 20% or less, and contains in an amount of 50 ppm or more at least one of silicon, phosphorous, boron or carbon as a component. As a result of this structure, the adhesive properties between organic resin film and non-porous anodic oxide film can be increased.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrolytic solutions suitable for anodizing valve metal derivative anodes, methods of anodizing using non-aqueous electrolytic solutions, and capacitors prepared with non-aqueous electrolytic solutions. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprises glycerine and at least one soluble salt formed by the neutralization of at least one non-halogen-containing organic or inorganic acid anion with at least one alkali metal, ammonium, or protonated amine cation; wherein the acid anion is derived from an acid having a pKa lower than phosphoric acid.

Abstract: An abrasive body for grinding optical glass, precious and natural stones such as marble, or other material such as wood, metal, plastic or the like is provided. The abrasive body comprises a base body of woven, knitted or embroidered fabric made of carbon fibers, or of a graphite foil. A uniform, homogeneous diamond or boron nitride coating is deposited on the base body as a grinding layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arc processing method and device with simultaneous chemical etching wherein the device comprises a conductive electrode, being the cathode, an auxiliary electrode, being the anode, an conductive fluid, and an non-conductive work piece for processing. Processing, and precision processing in particular, of non-conductive materials is obtained by simultaneous arc discharge and etching that are brought about by chemical reactions associated with cathode and anode. Moreover, the present invention discloses simultaneous arc processing and chemical etching that offers improved processing efficiency over conventional arc processing.

Abstract: An article coated with an electrolytically deposited bio-compatible composite layer useful as an internal prosthetic device is disclosed. The bio-compatible composite coating that is electrolytically deposited onto the article comprises hydroxyapatite and chitosan. The introduction of chitosan into the crystal matrix of brushite/hydroxyapatite significantly improves the adhesive and chemical and mechanical stability properties of the coating.

Abstract: A method of forming a non-porous, hydrophilic polymer film separator for an electrochemical cell includes the steps of applying a flowable coating composition to the substrate, and converting the flowable coating composition applied to the substrate into the nonporous, hydrophilic polymer film separator. The resulting thin separators can be used for producing electrochemical cells which can provide a large increase in high rate discharge performance, cell capacity, or a combination of both as compared with a conventional cell of the same size.

Abstract: A method of depositing collagen coatings on a metal surface, namely metal stents, by electrodeposition.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an energy enhanced process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a zinc oxide film, which comprises applying current between a conductive base member immersed in an electrodepositing bath and a counter electrode immersed in the electrodepositing bath to form a zinc oxide film on the conductive base member, wherein the electrodepositing bath is maintained at a temperature of 50° C. or more and has a temperature profile such that the temperature of the electrodepositing bath is lower in the final stage of electrodeposition than in the initial of electrodeposition. By the present method, a zinc oxide film with the excellent effect of light containment is stably produced in a short time, thereby producing a solar cell with a high efficiency at low a cost.

Abstract: An electrodepositing solution for low-potential electrodeposition is disclosed which is used in an electrodeposition method and a photoelectrodeposition method and which can improve the film formability under the application of a low voltage, suppress the elution of metal ions and stably form by deposition an electrodeposition film having a uniform thickness, a uniform color density and a smooth surface. The electrodepositing solution permits an electrodeposition film of an electrodeposition material to be formed by deposition on a conductive material upon application of a voltage between the conductive material and a counter electrode. The electrodeposition material contains an electropositive polymer material which contains, as at least one component thereof, a copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer and a plastic monomer.

Abstract: The electroactive product of the present invention is a metal cyanide film on a substrate, wherein the improvement is the metal cyanide film having a flux throughput capacity greater than 0.54 millicoulombs/second-cm2 as measured by the specific cyclic voltammetry procedure. The improved metal cyanide film generally has a flux throughput capacity greater than that of unimproved metal cyanide film wherein the improved metal cyanide film was deposited at a slow rate. The present invention enjoys the advantages of greater cation equivalent loading capacity, and achieving ion separations using half the amount of electricity as other electrochemical ion separations.

Abstract: A method of anodizing valve metals with a borate polyester solution formed by the combining 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol and boric acid and heating to about 130 to about 160° C. The heating drives off water produced by esterification. A substrate is immersed in the borate polyester electrolyte solution at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 85° C. and an anodizing voltage is applied.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant article of a magnesium material having the gloss of the metal substrate surface comprises an anodic oxide film formed on the external surface of an article of magnesium or a magnesium alloy, which never changes the gloss of the metal substrate and a colorless or colored transparent electrodeposition coating film on the anodic film. Such an article can be prepared by immersing an article of magnesium or a magnesium alloy in an electrolyte containing a phosphate and an aluminate to thus form an anodic oxide film through anodization of the surface of the article and forming a colorless or colored transparent electrodeposition coating film on the anodic film through electrodeposition coating.

Abstract: Cathodic electrodeposition coating compositions containing, in addition to conventional self-cross-linking or external cross-linking film-forming binders as well as optionally cross-linking agents, pigments, extenders, additives conventionally used in coating agents and solvents, from 0.1 to 5 wt-%, based on the resin solids content of the coating compositions, of one or more sulphonamides, when coated on a galvanized surface, produce coatings that are substantially free of pinholes.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: An anodizing method of a metal body which includes an anodizing treatment process performed while vibrationally fluidly stirring and aerating a treatment bath in which the metal body is vibrated and swung and an apparatus for performing the same.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an anodizing apparatus capable of efficiently performing anodizing. In order to achieve this object, an anodizing apparatus for anodizing a substrate to be processed in an electrolytic solution includes a process tank for storing the electrolytic solution, the process tank having an opening in a wall, a negative electrode arranged in the process tank to oppose the opening, and a positive electrode contacting a surface of the substrate to be processed which is arranged to close the opening from an inside of the process tank, the surface being open outside the process tank through the opening.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: A method for microplasma electrolytic processing a surface of an electroconductive material, involves establishing an electrical circuit between this material, as a first electrode, and a counterelectrode, as a second electrode, by immersing the first electrode into an electrolyte that is in contact with the second electrode and applying an electrical voltage across the first and second electrodes with a power source. In a first step, only a portion of the surface of the material is immersed in the electrolyte, the size of that portion being dependent on an output power of the power source, a composition of the material, an electric regime used, a composition of the electrolyte, and a minimal current density at which a process of microplasma oxidation is stable. The surface of the material is then completely immersed in the electrolyte while the voltage is regulated to cause a current value I(t) between the first and second electrodes ranging from 0.9I<I(t)1.

Abstract: The electrochemical formation of oxygen ion conducting solid oxide layers is achieved by the cathodic deposition of the oxide layers from a melted salt bath of alkali element halides containing dissolved metal halides which provide the metal cations from which oxide layers are formed and attached to conductive cathodes. Oxygen is supplied at the cathodes to form oxygen ions which diffuse through the cathodically formed oxide layers and react with dissolved metal cations leading to oxide layer growth. The dissolved metal halides are regenerated at the anodes from metals and metal compounds. The process is called cathodic oxide deposition (COD) and represents a new and economic method for the fabrication of oxygen ion conductor layers for solid oxide electrochemical devices.

Abstract: An oxide dissolving acid dip is integrated into an anodic foil formation process. After a foil, either etched or un-etched, is hydrated in a bath of deionized water at an elevated temperature, the foil is then dipped in an organic acid mixture. Next, an oxide layer formation step is utilized to form a barrier oxide layer on a surface of the foil. Next, an oxide dissolving acid dip is utilized to selectively remove a diffuse hydrate layer formed in the formation process. The diffuse hydrate layer is responsible for the reduction of capacitance of the anodic foil. By the use of this oxide dissolving acid dip in conjunction with an organic acid dip, the foil exhibits reduced leakage current properties, while maintaining its capacitance. The treated foil can then be incorporated into a high voltage electrolytic capacitor suitable for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a mineral containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: A thin sulfurizing layer having high iron-sulfide content is formed by an electrolytic deposition method using an alkaline electrolytic solution which contains ferric ions, sulfide and a chelating agent of the ferric ions.

Abstract: A process for forming a fluorescent layer on an electrode disposed on a substrate for display panel includes the steps of: placing an opening of a housing section for housing a fluorescent paste opposite to the electrode on the substrate; and applying a voltage between the electrode on the substrate and a control electrode disposed inside the housing section in this state, whereby the fluorescent paste inside the housing section is exactly applied onto the electrode via the opening. Also, an apparatus for forming a fluorescent layer on a substrate for display panel using the process is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel cyanochromium-complex-based magnetic material formed on an electrode, which is excellent in magnetic properties and of which magnetic properties are reversibly controllable, by impressing a reduction potential which electrochemically reduces Cr.sup.3+ into Cr.sup.2+ in a solution containing at least [Cr(CN).sub.6 ].sup.3- and Cr.sup.3+.

Abstract: A method for forming an indium oxide film on an electrically conductive substrate by immersing the substrate and a counter electrode in an aqueous solution containing at least nitrate and indium ions and flowing an electric current between the substrate and the couter electrode, thereby causing indium oxide film formation on the substrate, is provided. A substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film forming method are also provided. An aqueous solution for the formation of an indium oxide film by an electroless deposition process, containing at least nitrate and indium ions and tartrate, is also disclosed. A film-forming method for the formation of an indium oxide film on a substrate by an electroless deposition process, using the aqueous solution, and a substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film-forming method are further provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing color filters, in which color layers for transmitting light within a specific wavelength range are formed on light-transmissive electrodes formed on a light-transmissive substrate. The light-transmissive electrodes are brought into contact with a deposition solution having an electrolytic solution and a pigment material dispersed therein. A voltage is applied through the contacting portions between the light-transmissive electrodes and the deposition solution. The deposition solution is then electrolyzed between the light-transmissive electrodes and a submerged electrode. Color layers are formed on the light-transmissive electrodes. Examples of possible methods to bring the light-transmissive electrodes into contact with the deposition solution include immersing the light-transmissive electrodes in the deposition solution, engaging the light-transmissive electrodes into contact with the surface of the deposition solution, and other methods.