Abstract: A light sensitive display apparatus and an operating method thereof are disclosed herein. The light sensitive display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels, and the operating method of the light sensitive display apparatus includes the following steps. In a writing state, a first data voltage and a first gate voltage are provided to the pixels, and the pixels illuminated by light rays are switched to or kept in a first display state. In an erasing state, a second data voltage and a second gate voltage are provided to the pixels, and the pixels illuminated by light rays are switched to or kept in a second display state.

Abstract: A video display system includes an image processing unit receives continuously an input video signal including input frame signals for generating an output video signal including output frame signals having a higher frame rate than the input frame signals; and a display unit for displaying a video image in accordance with the output frame signals, wherein each of the input frame signals has 2^M gray scale levels for each pixel, the image processing unit further generates the output frame signals including at least a first output frame signal having 2^N gray scale levels with N<M for each pixel and a second output frame signal having [2^M-2^N] or fewer gray scale levels for each pixel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving an Electrophoretic Display (EPD) where the apparatus includes a controller for controlling an overall operation of the apparatus for driving the EPD, determining data to be displayed on the EPD, and outputting a drive signal; a driver for generating a driving voltage pulse for moving black particles and white particles to display the data on the EPD according to the drive signal output from the controller, thereby controlling the EPD; and the EPD for displaying a representation of the data in white or black according to the driving voltage pulse, wherein the driver generates the driving voltage pulse for moving the black particles or the white particles in such a manner that the driving pulse is divided into a predetermined number of subpulses, and an idle period during which a voltage is not applied intervenes between the respective divided subpulses.

Abstract: A reflection type display apparatus includes a light modulating layer having a first electrode having a light transmitting property on which an electroplating can be deposited, a second electrode disposed, in opposition to the first electrode, on a reflecting plate for reflecting light of a certain wavelength band, and an electrolytic solution containing a metal ion arranged in contact with the first and second electrodes. According to a density of current at an interface between the first electrode and the electrolytic solution, the light modulating layer controls a light transmitting ratio and a reflection ratio of the electroplating. In addition, a control unit sets a direction and the density of the current for depositing the electroplating of several colors.

Abstract: A method for sensing the actuation and/or release voltages of a electromechanical system or a microelectromechanical device include applying a varying voltage to the device and sensing its state and different voltage levels. In one embodiment, the device is part of a system comprising an array of interferometric modulators suitable for a display. The method can be used to compensate for temperature dependent changes in display pixel characteristics.

Abstract: An ink substrate, an electrophoretic display device including the ink substrate and methods of fabricating the display, where in ink substrate includes a first substrate, an electrode adjacent the first substrate, and an ink layer adjacent the electrode, the ink layer including a plurality of microcapsules. At least one protective member is disposed on at least a side surface of the ink layer and a protective film disposed on a rear surface of the first substrate opposite the ink layer. The protective member is formed by one of spaying an ink protection liquid on at least the side surfaces of the ink layer or dipping at least the side surfaces of the ink layer into an ink protection liquid and curing the ink protection liquid to form a solid film. The protective member is an impact resistant, heat resistant, and moisture resistant material.

Abstract: The invention provides a switch matrix and display matrix of a display device. The display matrix of a display device includes: a switch matrix including M×N MEMS switches, wherein M is the number of rows and N is the number of columns, and MEMS switches in each row are controlled by a corresponding row drive signal to output respective column data signals; and a pixel matrix including M×N pixel units each of which is coupled with a corresponding one of the M×N MEMS switches and displays in response to the column data signal output from the corresponding MEMS switch. The switch matrix can simplify pixel design and reduce layout area of each pixel. Moreover, conventional design needs special process to handle high voltage of source driver. This invention can realize a display device with one common process while source driver uses high voltage process conventionally.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming images on a display utilizing a control matrix to control the movement of MEMs-based light modulators.

Abstract: A method and system for operating a pixel array having at least one pixel circuit is provided. The method includes repeating an operation cycle defining a frame period for a pixel circuit, including at each frame period, programming the pixel circuit, driving the pixel circuit, and relaxing a stress effect on the pixel circuit, prior to a next frame period. The system includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixel circuits and a plurality of lines for operation of the plurality of pixel circuits. Each of the pixel circuits includes a light emitting device, a storage capacitor, and a drive circuit connected to the light emitting device and the storage capacitor. The system includes a drive for operating the plurality of lines to repeat an operation cycle having a frame period so that each of the operation cycle comprises a programming cycle, a driving cycle and a relaxing cycle for relaxing a stress on a pixel circuit, prior to a next frame period.

Abstract: Method and system for programming and driving active matrix light emitting device pixel is provided. The pixel is a voltage programmed pixel circuit, and has a light emitting device, a driving transistor and a storage capacitor. The pixel has a programming cycle having a plurality of operating cycles, and a driving cycle. During the programming cycle, the voltage of the connection between the OLED and the driving transistor is controlled so that the desired gate-source voltage of a driving transistor is stored in a storage capacitor.

Abstract: A display device includes a data line, a first and second pixel rows and a first and second gate control lines all formed on a substrate. The first pixel row includes a plurality of pixels each containing two neighboring first sub-pixel and second sub-pixel, the first sub-pixel is coupled to the data line, the second sub-pixel is coupled to the data line through the first sub-pixel. The second pixel row is neighboring with the first pixel row and includes a plurality of pixels each containing two neighboring third sub-pixel and fourth sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel is coupled to the data line, the fourth sub-pixel is coupled to the data line through the third sub-pixel. The first and second gate control lines respectively are for enabling the first and second sub-pixels and both are not used to enable the third and fourth sub-pixels. A driving method of gate control lines also is provided.

Abstract: A display apparatus including: a liquid crystal panel for displaying left and right images; a liquid crystal driver for writing an image signal into the liquid crystal panel; a backlight source for radiating light to the liquid crystal panel; and a controller for controlling the backlight source so that it emits the light during first emission periods which are set for a left viewing periods while a left image is viewed with a left eye and right viewing periods while a right image is viewed with a right eye, respectively, wherein the controller controls the backlight source so that it emits the light during a second emission period within a non-viewing period, during which no image is viewed, and sets a turn-off period during which the backlight source is turned off between the first and second emission periods.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a display panel includes an active matrix type pixel region including scanning signal lines each of which is connected to three terminal elements each of which serves as an active element, the active matrix type pixel region including a non-rectangular shape by being configured such that the respective scanning signal lines are connected with various numbers of the three terminal elements according to where the scanning signal lines are located, and a shift register which drives the scanning signal lines, the shift register being formed in a region on a panel substrate, the region being adjacent to the pixel region in a direction in which the scanning signal lines extend.

Abstract: A micro-shutter includes a reflective layer, a shutter, and a first actuator. The reflective layer includes a plurality of first openings transmitting a portion of external light, and reflecting the remaining portion of the external light. The shutter includes a plurality of second openings corresponding to the first openings to transmit the portion of the external light. The first actuator is provided at one side of the shutter and includes at least three electrodes. The first actuator adjusts an overlap area between the first openings and the second openings according to a level of a voltage applied to the actuator electrodes.

Abstract: An electro-wetting display substrate includes a base substrate including a gate line extending in a first direction and a data line extending in a second direction, where the first direction is different from the second direction, a switching element electrically connected to the gate line and the data line, a pixel electrode electrically connected to the switching element, a notch electrode disposed adjacent to the switching element and overlapping the pixel electrode, and a water-repellent layer disposed over the pixel electrode.

Abstract: An image reading method includes generating pattern data for correcting a reading characteristic of a document reading apparatus, displaying the generated pattern data, reading the displayed pattern data, and correcting the reading characteristic of the document reading apparatus based on the generated pattern data and the read pattern data.

Abstract: An electrowetting display, a pixel array substrate thereof, and an electrowetting display pixel structure thereof are provided. The electrowetting display pixel structure is disposed on a substrate. The electrowetting display pixel structure includes a pixel electrode, an insulating layer and a hydrophobic layer. The pixel electrode is covered with the insulating layer, and the insulating layer is covered with the hydrophobic layer. The hydrophobic layer has at least one flow guiding area, and a flowing path of a fluid medium is determined by a layout of the flow guiding area.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments utilize MIP techniques to determine optimum bit sequences that minimize PWM artifacts. The problem would first be restructured and redefined into a form suitable for MIP. An objective function designed to minimize PWM artifacts would allow for evaluation of resulting bit sequences in order to determine optimality. Constraints (that relate the inputs and variables) are developed. These constraints would determine whether a particular bit sequence can be used on a given system, and whether a particular bit sequence would satisfy any user defined rules. Once these are determined, an MIP solver would generate an optimized bit sequence(s). Only bit sequences that satisfy the constraints would be evaluated using the objective function, allowing for a quicker determination of a solution. This MIP solution may be generated quickly, allowing for a shorter production period while still optimizing the bit sequences to minimize PWM artifacts.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for encapsulating electromechanical systems devices. In one aspect, large arrays of electromechanical systems devices can be encapsulated. In one aspect the encapsulation includes an encapsulation layer supported over the electromechanical systems devices by encapsulation layer supports. The encapsulation layer can also include a plurality of orifices. The orifices can be sealed such that the electromechanical systems devices below are not damaged.

Abstract: A display device (10) includes an upper substrate (first substrate) (2), a lower substrate (second substrate) (3), and a conductive liquid (16) that is sealed in a display space (S) formed between the upper substrate (2) and the lower substrate (3) so as to be moved toward an effective display region (P1) or a non-effective display region (P2). The display device (10) includes a signal electrode (4), a reference electrode (5), and a scanning electrode (6). An M voltage (intermediate voltage) between an H voltage (first voltage) and a L voltage (second voltage) and a voltage other than the M voltage are applied to the signal electrode (4) within a selected period (predetermined period) T during which one of the H voltage and the L voltage is applied to the reference electrode (5).

Abstract: Scanning beam display systems using fluorescent screens and various servo feedback control mechanisms to control display imaging qualities.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for fabricating thin film transistor (TFT) devices. In one aspect, a substrate having a source area, a drain area, and a channel area is provided. Metal cations are implanted in the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source area and the drain area of the substrate. The metal cation implantation forms a doped n-type oxide semiconductor in the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source area and the drain area of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling deformable micromirror devices are provided. In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a display system includes multiple deformable micromirror devices, a buffer, and a controller. Each deformable micromirror device includes a plurality of micromirrors. The buffer is communicatively coupled, at a first interface speed, to each deformable micromirror device. The buffer is operable to communicate in parallel with the deformable micromirror devices. The controller is communicatively coupled, at a second interface speed, to the buffer. The controller is operable to receive a display input and, in response, generate a plurality signals each corresponding to an optical characteristic of the display input. The controller is further operable to sequentially communicate each of the plurality of signals through the buffer to a corresponding one of the deformable micromirror devices.

Abstract: A display driving system for an electrowetting display device having at least one display element, the display driving system comprising a driver stage for the display element, the driver stage providing a display voltage to be applied to the display element in response to a data signal representing an image to be displayed, the driver stage including a variable source providing a variable voltage in dependence on the data signal, the display driving system including an offset source providing an offset voltage, the display voltage being the sum of the offset voltage and the variable voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a reflective display part and a transmissive display part in each of a plurality of matrix-arrayed pixels. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel which is configured such that a liquid crystal layer is held between a pair of substrates and gradation display is performed in accordance with a pixel voltage which is applied to the liquid crystal layer of each pixel, a backlight which illuminates the liquid crystal display panel, a sensor unit which detects brightness of ambient light, and a voltage setting unit which sets the pixel voltage relative to each of input gradation levels, on the basis of the brightness that is detected by the sensor unit.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for the local distribution of stored photo-images to wireless picture frames. The method interfaces a photo-image discovery device, having no dedicated display, to a display monitor presenting a menu of photo-image user prompt options originating from the photo discovery device. A photo-image from the storage site is selected, as well as a wireless picture frame destination. Then, the photo-image is wirelessly sent to the selected destination. In one aspect, the wireless picture frame is selected in response to discovery device movements.

Abstract: A pixel of an organic light emitting display in which the pixel includes: a first transistor including a first electrode coupled to a first power source, a second electrode, and a gate electrode coupled to a first node; a second transistor including a first electrode coupled to a third power source, a second electrode coupled to the first node, and a gate electrode coupled to a reset control line; a third transistor including a first electrode coupled to the first node, a second electrode coupled to a fourth power source, and a gate electrode; a fourth transistor including a first electrode coupled to the gate electrode of the third transistor, a second electrode coupled to a scan line, and a gate electrode coupled to a data line; and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) including an anode electrode coupled to the second electrode of the first transistor, and a cathode electrode coupled to a second power source.

Abstract: A video display apparatus is provided, comprising: a light source(s) controllable for emitting a plurality of reference colors; a color conversion circuit received an input video signal for generating the color data of at least one correction color for correcting a reference color emitted from a light source; an image processing unit receives the input video signal for generating an output video signal comprising a plurality of sub-frame signals; and a control circuit applies the color data generated by the color conversion circuit for controlling a light source to display color images.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a system and method for increasing the bit-depth of a video display system using a pulse lamp are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes illuminating a digital micro-mirror device with a light source having a variable power supply, receiving a signal indicating the light output provided to the digital micro-mirror device by the light source should be reduced to a target level during a predetermined time period, reducing a power supplied to the light source by the variable power supply in response to the signal such that the light output of the light source is reduced to about a target level during the predetermined time period, displaying a least significant bit on the digital micro-mirror device during the predetermined time period, and decreasing a speed of a master clock controlling the digital micro-mirror device in response to the light output of the light source deviating below the target level during the predetermined time period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a TFT-LCD array substrate and a driving method thereof. The TFT-LCD array substrate comprises a substrate, on which pixel regions arranged in matrix are formed, a first pixel electrode and a first thin film transistor located in an odd column and a second pixel electrode and a second thin film transistor located in an even column are formed in each pixel region; a first gate line and a second gate line are formed in each pixel region, the first gate line is connected to gate of the first thin film transistor, and the second gate line is connected to gate of the second thin film transistor; one data line is formed in each pixel region, and the data line is connected to source of the first thin film transistor and source of the second thin film transistor, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device in which deterioration of a self-light-emitting element within a pixel is corrected accurately. A detection unit detects, within a detection period, a difference in characteristics between self-light-emitting elements of adjacent pixels. A first subtraction circuit outputs a differential voltage between a reference voltage and an image voltage to a self-light-emitting element that is determined by the detection unit as a deteriorated element. An amplifier amplifies an output of the first subtraction circuit with a gain [1/{1-(?/100)}]1/2 when a driver transistor is driven in a saturation region. The amplifier amplifies the output of the first subtraction circuit with a gain [1/{1-(?/100)}] when the driver transistor is driven in a linear region. A differential between the reference voltage and an output of the amplifier obtained by a second subtraction circuit is used as a corrected image voltage.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided and has a light guide plate, a light source and a light modulator, wherein the light modulator has a pair of transparent substrates a pair of electrodes and a light modulator layer. The light modulator layer includes a first region being changed between a transparent state and a scatterable state depending on intensity of an electric field, and a second region being more transparent than the first region in a scatterable state at an electric field having a certain intensity, the electric field being applied when the first region is changed between the transparent state and the scatterable state, and an occupancy rate of the first region in the light modulator layer is increased with increase in distance from the light source.

Abstract: An on-vehicle display apparatus with an increased flat display size. The on-vehicle display apparatus includes a flat display capable of displaying various types of information, a light-transmitting substrate provided on a front-face side of the flat display, a pointer provided in the light-transmitting substrate, and a pointer drive means provided on a back-face side of the flat display. The pointer drive means rotates the pointer. The apparatus further includes a movement mechanism for moving the light-transmitting substrate to the outside of a display range. A first magnet is provided for the pointer, and a second magnet is provided for the pointer drive means and is configured to be opposite to first magnet.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate including pixels arranged in m columns by n rows, n data lines disposed, m gate lines arranged substantially parallel to the data lines, n data distribution lines arranged to cross the m gate lines and electrically connected to the data lines, respectively, source driving chips disposed on a first portion of the first substrate, and a gate driver disposed on a second portion of the first substrate. Each of the data distribution lines is connected to a subset of the pixels arranged in a corresponding row, and each of the gate lines is connected to a subgroup of the pixels arranged in a corresponding column. The source driving chips apply data signals to the pixels through the first data lines and the data distribution lines, and the gate driver applies gate signals to the pixels through the gate lines.

Abstract: An interferometric modulator (Imod) cavity has a reflector and an induced absorber. A direct view reflective flat panel display may include an array of the modulators. Adjacent spacers of different thicknesses are fabricated on a substrate by a lift-off technique used to pattern the spacers which are deposited separately, each deposition providing a different thickness of spacer. Or a patterned photoresist may be used to allow for an etching process to selectively etch back the thickness of a spacer which was deposited in a single deposition. A full-color static graphical image may be formed of combined patterns of interferometric modulator cavities. Each cavity includes a reflector, and an induced absorber, the induced absorber including a spacer having a thickness that defines a color associated with the cavity.

Abstract: A light emitting element has a property that a resistance value (internal resistance value) thereof changes according to the ambient temperature. Specifically, assuming that the room temperature is a normal temperature, when the ambient temperature becomes higher than the normal temperature, a resistance value is decreased, and when the ambient temperature becomes lower than the normal temperature, a resistance value is increased. Therefore, when the ambient temperature changes or degradation is caused with time due to the aforementioned property of the light emitting element, luminance varies. The invention provides a display device where an effect of current fluctuation of a light emitting element, which is caused by the change in ambient temperature and degradation with time, is suppressed. The display device comprises a monitoring element, to which a current is supplied from a current source. A voltage applied to the monitoring element is applied to a light emitting element.

Abstract: A field sequential liquid crystal display maintains its white color point through compensation values to at least one color light emitting diode that illuminates the display. The compensation values may be impedances to control the current or pulsing of the current source according to a pulse width modulation technique. A degradation curve may be used to calculate extrapolate the theoretical forward voltage of the light emitting diode. Additional complexity arises from the need for calculating uptime for multiple light emitting diodes of different colors. Brightness levels may also be factored in. Additional processing of a display element may be provided when a grey scale image is being generated.

Abstract: Operating methods of an array of electromechanical pixels resulting in efficient and reliable operation of light modulating elements. The invention simplifies the design of electromechanical light modulators and permits the construction of large size displays with greater mechanical tolerances on glass substrates.

Abstract: A portable electronic device is provided suitable for operation by a single user. The portable electronic device comprises a main body and at least a thin film pattern. The main body has a display region and a non-display region coupled to the display region. The thin film pattern is disposed on a local region of the display region, on a local region of the non-display region, or on both a local region of the display region and a local region of the non-display region. The thin film pattern is visible while a user does not operate the portable electronic device. The thin film pattern is invisible while a user operates the portable electronic device.

Abstract: A light source controller is configured to control timings of driving the first and second light sources and the light-source light generator, so that the light-source light of two or more colors generated by the light-source light generator and the light-source light emitted from the second light source are cyclically generated, by setting a light-emitting period of at least one light-source light color having a higher luminous efficiency out of the two or more colors generated by the light-source light generator, shorter than those of the other light-source light colors, and setting a drive power of the first light source during generation of the light-source light color whose light-emitting period is set short, greater than a drive power of the first light source during generation of the other light-source light colors.

Abstract: A current drive circuit which can improve a rate for signal writing and a driving rate of an element even when a signal current is small, and a display device using the current drive circuit are provided. The current drive circuit for supplying a signal current to a node of a driven circuit through a signal line includes a precharge function for supplying a precharge voltage to the node through the signal line and the precharge function includes a supply function for supplying the precharge voltage to the node and the signal line prior to supplying the signal current.

Abstract: An active-matrix electronic display including a switching circuit for each pixel to control the optical state of the display. The switching circuit includes at least one diode and at least one load impedance for each circuit. The front plane electrode of the display may be unpatterned over a significant portion of the display. The display architecture is especially useful for bi-stable display media that require active matrix addressing, for example electrophoretic displays, and for applications using diodes based on organic semiconductors and/or printed diodes.

Abstract: An active device array substrate including a substrate, a plurality of pixel structures and a plurality of resistance compensating devices is provided. The substrate has a display region and a scanning signal input region beside the display region. The pixel structures are disposed in the display region. Each of the pixel structures includes a scan line, a data line, an active device and a pixel electrode. The data line is disposed in stagger with the scan line. The active device is electrically connected with the scan line and the data line. The pixel electrode is electrically connected with the active device. Each of the resistance compensating devices and a scan line of a corresponding pixel structure are connected in parallel. Resistances of the resistance compensating devices gradually decrease from a region close to the scanning signal input region to another region away the scanning signal input region.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for displaying video data. The method includes: generating an intermediate image between a first and a second image of the video data, wherein the first image is adjacent to the second image in the video data; adjusting a plurality of intermediate pixels of the intermediate image to generate a luminance-adjusted image; and displaying the first image, the luminance-adjusted image, and the second image in turn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an active matrix display device, more particularly an electrowetting display device, comprising at least two rows of pixels and being provided with selection wires (RW) and data wires (COL) for addressing of the pixels. The pixels in each row are arranged with a respective connection (CW) to a common reset (RST) wire that is arranged to transmit a reset signal. The respective connection (CW) is arranged to be interconnected with the data wire (COL) of the pixel when the pixel is addressed. Further, the respective connection (CW) is arranged with a signal blocking element (D) for preventing a data signal of the pixel from propagating via the reset wire (RST) to pixels in the same row.

Abstract: An active matrix display includes at least one data driver circuit comprising a column data line and a parallel column current line; a plurality of pixels connected in series to both the column data line and the parallel column current line comprising at least one pixel that is responsive to the column data line to drive a selected pixel current to the at least one pixel; and a loopback control circuit at the head of the column and external to the plurality of pixels that senses a voltage difference between an input column current in the current line and a voltage of a load drawing on the current line and that adjusts a data programming voltage according to the difference.

Abstract: The radiance of a laser diode is a function of laser diode drive current. The radiance is also a function of other factors, such as age and temperature. A laser projection device includes laser diodes to generate light in response to a commanded radiance, and also includes photodetectors to provide a measured radiance. The commanded radiance and measured radiance are compared, and drive currents for the laser diodes are adjusted to provide luminance and color balance tracking.

Abstract: An optical writing display apparatus that performs: applying to a pair of electrodes a first voltage having a first polarity that applies a first partial voltage to a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the first partial voltage being more than a threshold at which the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer changes from focal conic to homeotropic when the exposure is conducted, and exposing an photoconductive layer to light; stopping applying the first voltage for a predetermined time and exposing the photoconductive layer to light; applying a second voltage having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity that applies a second partial voltage to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the second partial voltage being not more than the above threshold when the exposure is not conducted, but more than the above threshold when the exposure is conducted; and selectively exposing the photoconductive layer to light and stopping applying the second voltage.

Abstract: A video display system such as a liquid crystal display television receiver projection system typically uses a high-intensity discharge lamp of the type that should not be re-started or turned on immediately after being turned off. An improved system protecting the lamp from restarts during a cooling off period. The system maintains the lamp, once energized to produce an image, in an off condition during a predetermined cool-down period following receipt of a power-off. Advantageously, the system automatically powers the lamp on at the end of the cool-down period upon receipt a power-on command during the cool-down period.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for driving a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device are disclosed. The apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel in which a plurality of subpixels arranged on each horizontal line are commonly connected to at least one adjacent data line, and on at least one horizontal line basis, a plurality of subpixels are connected to at least one adjacent data line through Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) of the subpixels from a same direction with respect to the at least one adjacent data line, a data driver for driving a plurality of data lines, a gate driver for driving a plurality of gate lines, and a timing controller for arranging externally received image data according to arrangement of subpixel columns commonly connected to each data line, providing the arranged image data to the data driver, and controlling driving timings of the gate driver and the data driver.