Abstract: Disclosed are a display panel and a display apparatus. The display panel includes an opposing substrate, an array substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The array substrate includes: a first base substrate; a color film layer, includes a black matrix and a plurality of color resistors, the black matrix includes a plurality of pixel openings and a plurality of first light transmitting holes, and color resistors is arranged one pixel opening correspondingly; and photosensitive sensors, arranged between the color film layer and the first base substrate, orthographic projections of the plurality of photosensitive sensors on the first base substrate are in an orthographic projection of the black matrix on the first base substrate, and the orthographic projection of each of the plurality of photosensitive sensors on the first base substrate covers an orthographic projection of at least one the plurality of first light transmitting holes on the first base substrate.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display device having same are provided in the present disclosure. The backlight module includes a plurality of backplanes that are combined, where a plurality of light-emitting units are disposed. Each of the light-emitting units includes a first light-emitting unit located in the combining areas of the adjacent backplanes, and a second light-emitting unit located in the other areas of the backplanes. In at least one backplane, a first resistance between the first light-emitting unit and the corresponding power source high-potential signal input terminal is smaller than a second resistance between the second light-emitting unit and the corresponding power source high-potential signal input terminal.

Abstract: Provided is an array substrate, a manufacturing method for an array substrate, and a display panel. The array substrate includes a first substrate base, common electrode lines, a color filter layer, and a planarization layer; the color filter layer includes first color filters and a second color filters, forming color filter channels therebetween on the common electrode lines, so as to avoid overlapping between the first color filters and the second color filters. The width of the common electrode lines is relatively small, ensuring a high aperture rate of the array substrate. Additionally, the array substrate further includes a planarization layer filled in the color filter channels, this minimizes the color filter channels to ensure flatness between the first color filters and the second color filters, so that etching residues in the color filter channels can be avoided when forming the pixel electrode layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a first gamma line providing a first gamma voltage; a second gamma line providing a second gamma voltage; a local tab point line; a first switch configured to connect the first gamma line to the local tab point line based on a tab division enable signal; and a second switch configured to connect the second gamma line to the local tab point line based on the tab division enable signal.

Abstract: A plasma process monitoring device capable of monitoring plasma light distributed in a certain area in a chamber includes a selection area light transmitter and a monitor. The selection area light transmitter is disposed to face a viewport formed in a chamber and includes a plurality of selective light blockers for selectively blocking plasma light emitted through the viewport. The monitor receives plasma light transmitted through at least one of a plurality of selective light blockers to acquire information on the plasma light, and monitors the uniformity of plasma generated in the chamber based on the information on the plasma light.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a terminal device includes a display unit having a display screen, and a light sensing unit located below the display unit and configured to sense incident light transmitted through the display screen. The display unit includes a transparent electrode, an opaque electrode, and an organic layer sandwiched between the two electrodes. The organic layer spontaneously emits light when a voltage difference is applied between the two electrodes. The second electrode has a semi-transparent area disposed corresponding to the light sensing unit and a remaining area which is an area of the second electrode except for the semi-transparent area. Also, an image capturing method is provided.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a solar cell, a first substrate, a shielding layer, a first electrode layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The solar cell includes a metal wiring pattern layer. The shielding layer corresponds to the upper side of the metal wiring pattern layer, and is used to reduce the reflection of light from the metal circuit pattern layer. In this way, the cholesteric liquid crystal display device replaces the traditional black absorbing layer with the black material of the solar cell, which can not only absorb light, but also display the image with self-sustaining power. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device shields the arrangement of the metal wiring pattern layer through the shielding layer, which can ensure the image quality of the display panel.

Abstract: The present application discloses an over-current protection circuit, a driving method for the over-current protection circuit and a display device. The over-current protection circuit includes a detection circuit, a first protection branch and a comparison circuit; where the detection circuit detects the current of a preset detection point in real time and obtains a detection voltage based on the current passing through the detection point; the first protection branch includes a delayer which delays the detection voltage obtained by the detection circuit for a preset time and then outputs a first reference voltage; and the comparison circuit compares the detection voltage with the first reference voltage.

Abstract: A display device including: a substrate; a first thin film transistor of polysilicon semiconductor, a second thin film transistor of oxide semiconductor; a first light shading film opposing to the polysilicon semiconductor, and a second light shading film opposing to the oxide semiconductor; a first insulating film, a second insulating film which is constituted from plural insulating films, and a third insulating film superposed in this order; a first through hole penetrating the second insulating film and not penetrating the first insulating film and the third insulating film; a second through hole penetrating the first insulating film and the third insulating film; the first light shading film connects with a first conductive component, a part of the first conductive component exists on the third insulating film, through the second through hole.

Abstract: A display device can include a display panel having sub pixels configured to emit light of different colors, a data driver configured to output a data voltage to the sub pixels via data lines, and a timing controller configured to output power control signals for controlling a driving current which drives the data driver. The data driver can include source driving integrated circuits, each including power control circuits configured to generate the driving current in accordance with each of the power control signals, and amplifiers configured to be applied with the driving current to output the data voltage to each of the data lines.

Abstract: Disclosed systems and methods for off-axis color correction in dynamic image capture of video wall displays involve measuring color performance of specific LED tiles or video walls and providing a database to store the characteristics of these off-axis measurements for use in color correction. The database is accessible by a color correction engine associated directly or indirectly with the video rendering engine so that when combined with real-time information on camera view angle and field of view relative to the display, a color correction function can be incorporated into the rendering of the display portion within the field of view of the camera so as to reduce or eliminate off-axis color variations/distortions in the captured image.

Abstract: When, in a liquid crystal projector, optical responsiveness of a liquid crystal panel corresponding to G is better than optical responsiveness of a liquid crystal panel corresponding to R, a display control circuit performs a tr correction and a tf correction of overdrive processing for R, and performs only the tr correction of the overdrive process for G, and does not perform the tf correction for G. The display control circuit performs a black floating process for R, G, and B.

Abstract: A display driving circuit which is improved to actively control current consumption depending on a change in a pattern displayed on a screen. The display driving circuit includes a current controller configured to provide a current control signal corresponding to a data change amount between first display data of a current frame and second display data of a previous frame; and an output buffer configured to sequentially output source signals corresponding to the second display data and the first display data.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having a curved side or a polygonal side, the display panel including a plurality of pixels in a display region, a gate driver including a plurality of normal stages connected to each other for outputting gate signals to the pixels via a plurality of gate lines, and a plurality of dummy stages between some of the normal stages, and a data driver providing data signals to the pixels via a plurality of data lines.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic device includes a liquid crystal panel and a camera. The liquid crystal panel includes a display area and an incident light control area. The display area includes a pixel electrode. The camera overlaps the incident light control area. The incident light control area includes an annular line, and a control electrode formed inside the annular line to be connected to the annular line. A time to apply a voltage to the control electrode is shorter than a time to apply a voltage to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: The disclosure includes multiple data drivers provided for each predetermined number of data lines. Each data driver receives an image signal; generates, based on the image signal, a positive gradation data signal and a negative gradation data signal; outputs one of the positive and negative gradation data signals to one of a first and second data line groups of a display panel; and outputs the other of the positive and negative gradation data signals to the other of the first and second data line groups. The data driver shifts a phase of the negative gradation data signal in a direction delayed with respect to the positive gradation data signal, and controls a slew rate of an output amplifier for outputting the positive gradation data signal to be lower than that of an output amplifier for outputting the negative gradation data signal.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The display may include a temperature sensor that gathers temperature sensor data. Control circuitry may select a non-square wave drive voltage waveform based on the gathered temperature sensor data and/or based on frame history information for the fLCOS display panel. The control circuitry may control the fLCOS panel to produce image light by driving the fLCOS panel using the selected non-square wave drive voltage waveform. The non-square wave drive voltage waveform may be an overdrive waveform or an underdrive waveform. This may serve to optimize the reflectance of the fLCOS display panel and thus the optical performance of the display module regardless of operating temperature and frame history.

Abstract: An array substrate has sub-pixel regions arranged in an array, and the sub-pixel regions include white sub-pixel regions and primary color sub-pixel regions. The array substrate includes a first substrate and a plurality of sub-pixels disposed on the first substrate. The sub-pixels includes white sub-pixels and primary color sub-pixels. In a column direction, a side of each white sub-pixel is adjacent to at least one primary color sub-pixel. Each sub-pixel has light-shielding patterns. In the column direction, in a plurality of light-shielding patterns of a primary color sub-pixel adjacent to the white sub-pixel, a part of the light-shielding patterns are disposed in a white sub pixel region where the white sub-pixel is located, and another part of the light-shielding patterns are disposed in a primary color sub-pixel region corresponding to the primary color sub-pixel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for driving an emitter array are described. A method includes determining a thermal environment profile for a plurality of emitters of the emitter array, computing a current pulse profile for at least one of the plurality of emitters based on the thermal environment profile, and applying a current pulse with the computed current pulse profile to the at least one of plurality of emitters.

Abstract: A driving control circuit, a driving control method, and a display device are disclosed. The driving control circuit includes an input terminal, a power-down time acquisition circuit, an output terminal, and a switch circuit. The input terminal is configured to receive an input voltage; the power-down time acquisition circuit is configured to detect a power-down time period required for the input voltage to decrease to a lowest voltage, the power-down time period is used to generate a switch control signal; the output terminal is configured to output a voltage; and the switch circuit is configured to receive the input voltage and determine, according to the switch control signal, whether to be turned on to transmit the input voltage to the output terminal for output.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including data lines and pixels electrically connected to the data lines. The data driver supplies data signals to the data lines. The data driver includes: a first output buffer electrically connected to a first data line of the data lines, the first output buffer outputting a first data signal to the first data line; and a first comparator electrically connected to an output terminal of the first output buffer, the first comparator comparing a first slew rate of the first data signal with a first reference slew rate.

Abstract: A power supply may include a power converter configured to supply a driving voltage to a display panel. The power converter may also include a sub-power unit configured to supply a sub-driving voltage to the display panel when the power converter operates abnormally.

Abstract: A pixel circuit of a display panel is provided, including a first, second, third, fourth, fifth switch, a first capacitor and a diode. The first switch is connected with a positive supplied power voltage. The second switch is connected with the first switch and a data line. The third switch is connected with the first and second switch, generating an emission current as a driving transistor. First end of the first capacitor is connected with the first, second and third switch. Second end of the first capacitor is connected with the third, fourth and fifth switch. The fifth switch is connected with a first initial voltage. Anode of the diode is connected with the third and fourth switch while its cathode is connected with a negative emission source voltage. By configuration of the disclosed pixel circuit, a power rail emission current is independent, without being involved with initial voltages.

Abstract: Embodiments of a vehicle interior system are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the system includes a base with a curved surface, and a display or touch panel disposed on the curved surface. The display includes a cold-bent glass substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm or less and a first radius of curvature of 20 mm or greater, and a display module and/or touch panel attached to the glass substrate having a second radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. Methods for forming such systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A display device includes a control circuit. By setting an intermediate point between a start point and an end point of a lighting period as a start point of the lighting cycle, and setting an intermediate point between a start point and an end point of a lighting period of the next lighting period as an end point of the lighting cycle, the control circuit controls a backlight such that an absolute value of a difference value between a first ratio of a sum of a length of a first lighting period in the first lighting cycle and a length of the next second lighting period in the first lighting cycle to a length of the first lighting cycle and the target duty ratio is 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A shift register unit, a method for driving a shift register unit, a gate drive circuit, and a display device are disclosed. A shift register unit includes an input circuit, an output circuit, and a first control circuit. The input circuit controls a level of a first node in response to an input signal. The output circuit outputs at least one clock signal of at least one clock signal terminal to at least one signal output terminal under the control of the level of the first node, and outputs a level of a second node to at least one of the at least one signal output terminal in the case where the first node is at a non-operating potential. The first control circuit controls the level of the second node in response to the level of the first node.

Abstract: A display device is provided. A display device includes a substrate; a gate electrode disposed on the substrate; a semiconductor pattern disposed to overlap the gate electrode; a source electrode disposed on the semiconductor pattern; a drain electrode disposed on the semiconductor pattern and facing the source electrode; and a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode, wherein the drain electrode comprises a bar-shaped portion disposed on the semiconductor pattern and extending in one direction, a compensation portion connected to one distal end portion of the bar-shaped portion, a connecting portion connected to the other distal end portion of the bar-shaped portion, and an pad portion connected to the connecting portion and overlapping the pixel electrode, wherein the bar-shaped portion has a first width and at least portions of the compensation portion and the connecting portion have a second width that is greater than the first width.

Abstract: An output circuit includes a first switch that outputs a positive voltage signal received via a first node when in an ON state, a second switch that outputs a negative voltage signal received via a second node when in an ON state, third and fourth switches that set the first and second nodes to a reference power supply voltage when in an ON state, a first voltage follower circuit that supplies a voltage obtained by shifting a voltage of the positive voltage signal supplied to the first node to a negative side by a predetermined voltage difference to a gate of the first switch, and a second voltage follower circuit that supplies a voltage obtained by shifting a voltage of the negative voltage signal supplied to the second node to a positive side by a predetermined voltage difference to a gate of the second switch.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to modular expansion systems for use in head-worn computing systems. In an head-worn computer, an electrical connector is adapted to electrically connect with a modular expansion module, wherein the modular expansion module adds a capability to the head-worn computer and is removeably mounted to the head-worn computer, and a mount is adapted to physically secure the modular expansion module to the head-worn computer.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a display panel and a smart device. The display panel includes a first display area and a second display area adjacent to each other. Further, the display panel further includes a display substrate, a lens on the display substrate, and a transparent cover plate covering the lens and the display substrate. The display substrate includes a first display portion in the first display area and a second transparent portion in the second display area. The lens is configured to emit a part of the light from the first display portion from the second display area.

Abstract: There is provided a gate driving circuit comprising N first shift registers arranged alternately with N second shift registers. An input signal terminal of an n-th stage of first shift register is coupled to an output signal terminal of an (n?i)-th stage of first shift register, and a reset signal terminal of the n-th stage of first shift register is coupled to an output signal terminal of an (n+j)-th stage of first shift register. Input signal terminal and reset signal terminal of n-th stage of second shift register are coupled to output signal terminals of (n?i)-th and (n+j)-th stages of second shift registers respectively. K=6, i=3, and j=4. Reset signal terminals of (N?j+1)-th to N-th stages of first shift registers and reset signal terminals of (N?j+1)-th to N-th stages of second shift registers are configured to receive a total reset signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display area where a plurality of pixels are arrayed, a first drive circuit arranged adjacent to the display area in a first direction, the first drive circuit configured to supply a drive signal to a gate electrode included in each of switching elements, and a memory power line extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction in the display area and configured to supply a potential to a memories. An outer edge of the display area is defined by outermost edges of the pixels located on an outermost side in the display area. A first distance from the first drive circuit to the outer edge is shorter than a second distance from the first drive circuit to the memory power line.

Abstract: The disclosure includes bus wiring constituted by wiring lines; a gradation voltage generation circuit that generates M gradation voltages representing brightness levels with M gradations, and applies the M gradation voltages to an intermediate portion on M wiring lines belonging to the bus wiring; a plurality of decoders, each of which receives M gradation voltages via the M wiring lines and selects one of the M gradation voltages according to the pixel data pieces to output the selected gradation voltage; a plurality of output amplifiers that individually amplifies the voltages output from the plurality of decoders and generates the amplified voltages as the plurality of pixel drive voltages; and first and second inter-gradation short circuits that short-circuit one ends of each of the M wiring lines and the other ends of each of the M wiring lines according to a load signal for capturing the pixel data pieces.

Abstract: A display panel includes a source driving circuit, a multiplexer circuit, and multiple sub-pixels arranged in an array. The multiplexer circuit is configured to, under the control of a first multiplexing signal to an Nth multiplexing signal, control the source driving circuit to be connected with sub-pixels of one or more columns; and in a jth frame, a multiplexing signal turn-on sequence for sub-pixels of an odd row is from a Jth multiplexing signal to sequentially increasing to the Nth multiplexing signal and from the first multiplexing signal to sequentially increasing to a (J?1)th multiplexing signal, and a multiplexing signal turn-on sequence for sub-pixels of an even row is completely opposite to the multiplexing signal turn-on sequence for the sub-pixels of the odd row.

Abstract: The present application discloses a mura detecting method, device and readable storage medium. The method includes obtaining an area of a target test image obtained from an original image signal where mura exists to serve as a target test area; processing the target test area to obtain a grayscale distribution; obtaining a brightness gradient distribution based on the grayscale distribution; calculating a SEMU value based on the brightness gradient distribution; and obtaining a location corresponding to the mura area based on the SEMU value. It realizes objective measurement and evaluation of halo phenomenon.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel to display a frame image by arranging line images; and a light source. One frame period includes sub-frame periods each including a writing period and a display period. The line images are written in units of a predetermined number of lines during the writing period. The line images that are written at a time in units of the predetermined number of lines are the same image. In two continuous sub-frame periods in the one frame period, when a line image to be written during the writing period in a preceding sub-frame period differs from a line image to be written during the writing period in a subsequent sub-frame period, a start position of the writing period in the preceding sub-frame period and a start position of the writing period in the subsequent sub-frame period are shifted by one line from each other.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal device includes a first liquid crystal cell, a second liquid crystal cell, a first flexible wiring board including a first terminal and connected to the first liquid crystal cell, a second flexible wiring board including a second terminal and connected to the second liquid crystal cell, and a circuit board including a first connector connected to the first terminal and a second connector connected to the second terminal. The first flexible wiring board and the second flexible wiring board are arranged without overlapping each other in plan view. A first distance from an edge of the circuit board to the first connector and a second distance from the edge to the second connector are different from each other.

Abstract: A supporting device is provided and includes: an upright column; a protruding neck arranged on the upright column; a spindle rod unit with a main spindle rod fixed on the protruding neck along a second axis; a first rotating rod; a carrying board unit having a first frame pivoted on the main spindle rod, the first frame having a first upper half part and a first lower half part, the first rotating rod passing through one of the first upper half part and the first lower half part and being able to rotate relative to the main spindle rod with the second axis as an axis; a first fin set being sleeved on the main spindle rod and the first rotating rod; a first friction set stacked alternately with the first fin set; and an elastic element set connected to the protruding neck and the carrying board unit.

Abstract: A display device including an input sensing unit. The input sensing unit includes sensors and signal lines connecting the sensors to a driving circuit for sensing a touch. The signal lines may include reception signal lines and transmission signal lines. A resistance value of the reception signal line connected to the sensor relatively far from the driving circuit is smaller than a resistance value of the reception signal line connected to the sensor relatively close to the driving circuit.

Abstract: A display device includes an afterimage compensator generating output grayscales by applying at least one of first and second weights to input grayscales when the input grayscales correspond to a still image, and pixels displaying an image based on the output grayscales. The afterimage compensator applies the first weight having an initial value greater than 1 to the input grayscales of a first group, and converges the first weight to 1, and applies the second weight having initial values less than 1 to the input grayscales of a second group, and converges the second weights to 1.

Abstract: A gamma measurement method of a display device includes: storing a current value that is measured during gamma tuning of a display panel; resetting a target current of global current management (GCM) by referring to the current value; and measuring gamma of the display panel while applying the target current of the GCM.

Abstract: The application discloses a method for detecting gate line defects, a display panel and a readable storage medium. The method for detecting gate line defects includes the following operations: controlling a display panel to enter a self-checking mode upon receiving a startup signal; performing row scanning on the display panel according to a first preset frame rate, where the first preset frame rate is greater than a normal frame rate when the display panel normally operates; and upon determining that the display panel is abnormal, issuing a prompt message.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes first, second and third front signal lines disposed on a first portion and electrically connected to light emitting elements, connection lines overlapping a second portion, and first, second and third rear signal lines disposed on a third portion. The first, second and third front signal lines are disposed on different layers. The first front signal line and the first rear signal line are disposed on a same layer. The second front signal line and the second rear signal line are disposed on a same layer. The third front signal line and the third rear signal line are disposed on a same layer. The connection lines electrically and selectively connect the front signal lines and the rear signal lines.

Abstract: A parallax correction method for a transparent display system is provided. The transparent display system includes a transparent display device located between a background object and a user. The parallax correction method includes the following steps. A gaze point is displayed on the transparent display device. An image including the transparent display device, the background object and the user is captured. At least two display anchor points and at least two corresponding background object anchor points are detected according to the image. The display anchor points are located on the transparent display device, and the background object anchor points are located on the background object. A plurality of visual extension lines extending from the display anchor points and the corresponding background object anchor points are obtained. An equivalent eye position of the ocular dominance of the user is obtained according an intersection of the visual extension lines.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is provided and includes a plurality of first signal lines extending in a first direction on a substrate; a plurality of second signal lines extending in a second direction on the substrate, the second direction intersecting the first direction; a pixel area in which a plurality of pixel electrodes are disposed; an outer peripheral edge of the pixel area having a curved portion or a bent portion; and a first circuit block, a second circuit block, and a third circuit block arranged along the outer peripheral edge, wherein the second circuit block is arranged between the first circuit block and the first circuit block, and a first gap between the first circuit bock and the second circuit block is different from a second gap between the second circuit block and the third circuit block.

Abstract: A scan driver and a driving method thereof, in which the scan driver includes a plurality of stages outputting an output signal in response to clock signals supplied at a first frequency during a driving time of one frame, wherein the plurality of stages are supplied with the clock signals at a second frequency lower than the first frequency during a hold time of the one frame that is separate from the driving time of the one frame.

Abstract: The display device includes a first substrate; an active layer disposed on the first substrate; a first insulation layer disposed on the active layer; a first electrode layer disposed on the first insulation layer including a gate electrode line extending along a first direction and a protruding portion extending along a second direction; a second insulation layer disposed on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer disposed on the second insulation layer. The second electrode layer includes a date line extending along the second direction and a conductive layer. The conductive layer includes a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion, wherein the first conductive portion has a first maximum width A along the first direction, and the second conductive portion has a second maximum width B along the first direction. The first maximum width A is less than the second maximum width B.

Abstract: A voltage generation circuit includes a voltage dividing circuit configured to divide an applied voltage; a bias circuit configured to generate a voltage by dividing a power source voltage supplied through a first input terminal; and a power source switching control circuit. The power source switching control circuit is configured to perform first processing of preventing a voltage supply from a power source line to the voltage dividing circuit, connecting the power source line to a first output terminal, and connecting a ground to a second output terminal, second processing of connecting the power source line and the ground to the voltage dividing circuit, and third processing of obtaining a voltage through the voltage dividing circuit by supplying a voltage generated by the bias circuit to the first output terminal and supplying the voltage generated by the bias circuit to the voltage dividing circuit.

Abstract: A display driver is provided. A designation of an output timing at each of first and kth output channels is received, and first and second delay pulse signals are generated at respective output timings of the first and the kth output channels. First to kth first direction delay shift signals where a first delay pulse signal is present after a delay increased for each output channel from the first toward the kth output channel are generated. First to kth second direction delay shift signals where a second delay pulse signal is present after the delay increased for each output channel from the kth toward the first output channel are generated. One whose timing at which a delay pulse signal is present is earlier is selected from each of the direction delay shift signals corresponding to the same output channel, and set as first to kth output timing signals.

Abstract: An input/output device includes a first sensor electrode and a second sensor electrode. In addition, the input/output device includes a first electrode and a second electrode which are electrodes for a display element, and a substrate sandwiched between the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. The second sensor electrode is formed concurrently with the first electrode using the same material. The input/output device sensors a change in capacitance of a capacitor formed between the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. Furthermore, a third sensor electrode to which a floating potential is applied may be provided to overlap with the first electrode. In the input/output device, either a liquid crystal element or a light-emitting element may be used, or both the liquid crystal element and the light-emitting element may be used.