Abstract: The subject is to show liquid crystal display device that has characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and a small flicker rate. The disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display device including an electrode group formed on one or both of a pair of substrates that are opposed to each other, and a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, and a liquid crystal alignment film formed on the opposing surfaces of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal composition sandwiched in between the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A display panel is disclosed, which comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate opposite to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a shielding pattern disposed on the second substrate and comprising a first region and a second region, in which a transmittance of the first region is larger than that of the second region; and a first aggregation layer disposed on a side of the first substrate facing to the second substrate, wherein a roughness of the first aggregation layer corresponding to the first region of the shielding pattern is larger than that of the first aggregation layer corresponding to the second region thereof.

Abstract: A display device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the display device includes a flexible substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT) disposed over the flexible substrate, a first electrode disposed over the TFT, and a second electrode disposed over the first electrode. The flexible substrate includes a first incompressible liquid layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a pixel electrode formed on the first substrate; a second substrate corresponding to the first substrate; and a common electrode formed on the second substrate. The pixel electrode includes: a central electrode, an outer portion connected to the central electrode and extending along an edge of the pixel electrode; and a fine branch portion extending from a side of the central electrode and spaced apart from the outer portion, wherein a cross-shaped opening is formed in the common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a pixel electrode including a first sub-pixel electrode and disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a common electrode including an electric field forming portion and a first slit portion, and disposed on the second substrate. The electric field forming portion includes a transparent conductive material. The first slit portion includes a first stem portion extending in a first direction, a second stem portion extending in a second direction different from the first direction and crossing the first stem portion, and a branch portion extending in the first direction and located on at least one of two opposing sides in a longitudinal direction of the second stem portion. Each of the first stem portion and the branch portion has a linear shape surrounded by the electric field forming portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer between the pair of substrates; and an alignment film between at least one of the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the alignment film includes a first and second component, wherein the first component is a polymer in which at least two types of liquid crystal orientation side chains are bonded to a polysiloxane main chain, wherein the second component is made of at least one of a polyamic acid and a polyimide, wherein the at least two types of liquid crystal orientation side chains include a first side chain having on an end thereof a fluorine atom, and a second side chain that does not have on an end thereof a fluorine atom, wherein a proportion of the first component to a total amount of the second component is 2 mass % or greater, and wherein, in the liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates by a One Drop Fill scheme.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is disclosed, which includes: a first substrate with a pixel electrode region and a non-pixel electrode region; a thin film transistor unit disposed on the first substrate a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode region and the non-pixel electrode region; and a plurality of color filter units disposed between the first substrate and the first alignment layer, wherein one of the color filter units includes a color filter opening to expose a part of a drain electrode of the thin film transistor unit. Herein, a region of the pixel electrode without overlapping the thin film transistor unit is defined as a non-overlapping region, the first alignment layer corresponding to the non-overlapping region has a first thickness, the first alignment layer corresponding to the color filter opening has a second thickness, and the second thickness is greater than the first thickness.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a polymer layer that controls the alignment of liquid crystal molecules on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. The polymer layer is formed by polymerizing one or more radical-polymerizable monomers added to the liquid crystal layer. At least one of the radical-polymerizable monomers is a compound represented by P-Sp1-Z2-A1-(Z1-A2)n1-Z3-Sp2-P. In an example encompassed by the formula, P represents a radical-polymerizable group. Sp1 and Sp2 each represent a direct bond or an alkylene group. A1 represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group. A2 represents a phenylene group. Z1, Z2, and Z3 may be the same or different. At least one of Z1, Z2, and Z3 represents a direct bond, or an —NRCO— group or —CONR— group. R represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 linear alkyl group or alkenyl group. n1 is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a gate line the first substrate, an insulating layer the gate line, and pixel electrodes the insulating layer, where the pixel electrodes include a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode neighboring to each other, each of the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode includes a vertical stem part, a horizontal stem part, and fine branch parts extended from each horizontal stem part and each vertical stem part to both opposite sides in a diagonal direction, the fine branch parts of the first pixel electrode are alternately branched to the both opposite sides of the horizontal stem part and the vertical stem part, and the second pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode include an outer side part enclosing an edge of each pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate (1), a CF substrate (2) arranged to correspond to the array substrate (1), liquid crystal filled between the array substrate (1) and the CF substrate (2), enclosing resin (3) coated between the array substrate (1) and the CF substrate (2), and a photosensitive gap material barrier (4) arranged between the array substrate (1) and the CF substrate (2). The photosensitive gap material barrier (4) is arranged to circumferentially surround an outer periphery of a display zone (6) of the liquid crystal display panel. The photosensitive gap material barrier (4) has a height that is less than a distance between the array substrate (1) and the CF substrate (2). The photosensitive gap material barrier (4) includes a plurality of recessed cavities (41) formed therein.

Abstract: By virtue of a structure in which patterns have protuberances with a cone-shaped structure and quantum dots are embedded in the protuberances, an optical film prevents the reflection of light, and converts light in the near ultraviolet wavelength region to a range of wavelengths a solar cell can absorb the light, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of a device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes first and second substrates, and liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes first and second electrodes. The second electrode includes comblike electrodes extending in parallel to a first direction and tapered toward tips thereof, and a connecting portion which connects the comblike electrodes. An initial alignment direction is parallel to the first direction or a direction orthogonal to the first direction. The comblike electrode includes a first part having sides each form a first angle with the first direction, and a second part having sides each form a second angle with the first direction, the second angle being greater than the first angle.

Abstract: The invention relates to technologies for eye based biometric authentication. The invention provides methods, apparatuses and computer programs for initiating an action based on characteristics of acquired biometric information. In an embodiment, the invention comprises (i) receiving at least one image comprising an image of at least part of an eye, (ii) determining whether the at least part of an eye has birefringent characteristics, and (iii) initiating a predefined action responsive to (a) the at least part of an eye exhibiting birefringent characteristics that are inconsistent with a predefined set of birefringent characteristics or (b) a determined lack of birefringent characteristics typical of a real eye, wherein the predefined action comprises any one or more of denying biometric enrollment, denying biometric authentication, denying access to a resource, denying a request for unlocking of a resource, or transmitting or recording information identifying a spoof.

Abstract: An LCD panel, comprises substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates and liquid crystal alignment layers, each sandwiched between the liquid crystal layer and a respective one of the substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment layers comprises hydrocarbon derivative having perfluorocarbon group.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a pixel electrode is provided in a first light-transmitting substrate, and a lens, which overlaps the pixel electrode in a plan view, and a common electrode are provided in a second light-transmitting substrate. The pixel electrode includes an ITO film which includes a first electrically conducting layer stacked a first light-transmitting dielectric layer, and the common electrode includes a second electrically conducting layer which includes an ITO film which is stacked a second light-transmitting dielectric layer. Therefore, it is possible to suppress wavelength dispersion in a case in which incident light is modulated and is emitted. The first dielectric layer includes a silicon oxide film and the second dielectric layer includes an aluminum oxide film.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode electrically connected with a drain electrode through a first contact hole and a second contact hole, respectively. The first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode include a plurality of vertical stems, a plurality of horizontal stems, and a plurality of branch electrodes. The first subpixel electrode is formed above a gate line and the second subpixel electrode is formed below a gate line. The thin film transistor array panel further includes a first protrusion formed in the plurality of vertical stems of the first subpixel electrode and the plurality of vertical stems of the second subpixel electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a curved liquid crystal display panel includes bending a display member including at least one alignment layer at a predetermined curvature using a jig and forming an alignment axis in the alignment layer while the display member is bent using an alignment axis forming part. A control part is used to control an operation of the jig and the alignment axis forming part.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first panel including a first electrode; a second panel including a second electrode; and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second panels. The first electrode includes: a central electrode disposed in a central region of a pixel; an outer electrodes extending along a side of the central electrode; and a connection electrode which connects the outer electrode and the central electrode. A slit pattern is defined in the first electrode around the central electrode, and a liquid crystal control pattern is defined in the first electrode in a corner region of the pixel. Horizontal and vertical incisions, which divide the first electrode into a plurality of domains, are defined in the second electrode, an end portion of the outer electrode is disposed to correspond to the corner region, and the end portion of the outer electrode extends farther than the central electrode.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator including an electrode having a nano-antenna structure, and a display apparatus including the spatial light modulator are provided. The spatial light modulator includes a refractive index changing layer, and a pixel electrode and a common electrode which are configured to apply an electric field to the refractive index changing layer, and at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode include a nano-antenna pattern structure configured to resonate light.

Abstract: A photoalignment agent is provided. The photoalignment agent includes a copolymer of ii) at least one of a cyclobutanedianhydride (CBDA) and a cyclobutanedianhydride (CBDA) derivative, and ii) a diamine, and the diamine includes an electron donor group.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor lithography system. The lithography system includes a projection optics component. The projection optics component includes a curved aperture. The lithography system includes a photo mask positioned over the projection optics component. The photo mask contains a plurality of elongate semiconductor patterns. The semiconductor patterns each point in a direction substantially perpendicular to the curved aperture of the projection optics component. The present disclosure also provides a method. The method includes receiving a design layout for a semiconductor device. The design layout contains a plurality of semiconductor patterns each oriented in a given direction. The method includes transforming the design layout into a mask layout. The semiconductor patterns in the mask layout are oriented in a plurality of different directions as a function of their respective location.

Abstract: An IPS type liquid crystal display device superior in mass productivity and improved in image quality with a higher contrast ratio by decreasing the occurrence of defective display due to the disorder of the initial liquid crystal alignment by the liquid orientation control film and realizing stable alignment of liquid crystals comprises: a pair of substrates, at least one which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates; a group of electrodes formed on at least one of the pair of substrates to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer; plural active elements connected to the group of electrodes; and an orientation control film disposed on at least one of the pair of substrates, wherein said orientation control film is made of a photosensitive polyimide and a polyamide acid ester and is given orientation control ability by being irradiated with substantially linearly polarized light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; and color filters disposed to face the pixel electrode, wherein a plurality of microcavities are between the pixel electrode and the color filters, the microcavities form a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal material, the microcavities are divided by a partition portion, and the partition portion is formed by a color filter of one color among the color filters.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) including: a first electrode disposed on a first substrate; an insulating layer disposed on the first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the insulating layer, overlapping the first electrode, and including a plurality of branch electrodes; and a second substrate opposing the second substrate. Liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates are aligned to have pretilt angles in an alignment direction. The branch electrodes include a main branch portion forming a first angle with the alignment direction and a first center portion forming a second angle with the alignment direction, respectively. The branch electrodes include an outermost branch electrode, and the outermost branch electrode includes the main branch portion forming a first angle with the alignment direction and a second center portion forming a fourth angle with the alignment direction.

Abstract: Liquid crystal devices may include electrode segments that are spaced apart and have a gap therebetween. A bridge layer may be disposed in the gap and configured to have a resistance that is operable provide a substantially equipotential region proximate to the gap portion while still allowing the electrode segments to be substantially isolated electrically. The disclosed liquid crystal devices may have reduced visual artifacts and may be configured to be a liquid crystal display, a polarization control panel, or a switch having liquid crystal cells.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of controlling a temperature in an electronic device are provided. The method includes measuring a temperature of at least one part of the electronic device, determining an algorithm corresponding to the measured temperature of the at least one part, and displaying an image based on the determined algorithm.

Abstract: A high-definition and high-contrast liquid crystal display device having a high aperture ratio without light leakage around a columnar spacer is provided. The liquid crystal display device of a horizontal electric field type includes a TFT substrate with a pixel electrode and a common electrode, a color filter substrate with a color filter, a columnar spacer interposed between the substrates, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the substrates. A liquid crystal alignment film formed between the substrates is a photo-alignment film. The columnar spacer, formed on the color filter substrate or the TFT substrate, has a wall-like shape and an inclined surface extending in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to a direction in which the liquid crystal is initially aligned.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first alignment layer, a second alignment layer and a liquid crystal layer. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer each include a polyimide compound polymerized by cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a gate line and a data line disposed on the first substrate; a transistor connected to the gate line and the data line; a pixel electrode disposed in a pixel region of the first substrate; a connecting electrode connecting the pixel electrode and the transistor; a common electrode overlapping the pixel electrode; a protection layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; and a black matrix disposed on the protection layer, the black matrix defining the pixel region. The black matrix includes: a horizontal portion extending along the gate line and a vertical portion extending along the data line and overlaps the data line and at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first substrate, a second electrode which is disposed on the first substrate and overlaps the first electrode, an insulating layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode and the second electrode, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate, where a first resistivity value of the first alignment layer is smaller than a second resistivity value of the second alignment layer.

Abstract: The invention discloses an organic electric memory device based on phosphonic acid or trichlorosilane-modified ITO glass substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of 1) cleaning the ITO glass substrate; 2) forming a phosphonic acid or trichlorosilane modified layer; 3) forming an organic coating film layer; and 4) forming an electrode, and finally obtaining the organic electric memory device. By adoption of the method, a series of sandwich-type organic electric memory devices are prepared; meanwhile, the preparation method is simple, convenient, fast, and easy to operate; compared with the conventional device, the turn-on voltage of the organic electric memory device is lowered, the yield of the multi-level system is improved, and the problem of relatively low ternary productivity at present is solved; and therefore, the organic electric memory device has extremely high application value in the future memory fields.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device which can produce a liquid crystal display device with favorable voltage holding ratio reliability and reduced image sticking.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a lower panel in which a plurality of pixel areas is defined; an upper panel opposite to the lower panel and in which the plurality of pixel areas is defined, where each pixel area is divided into domains; a first alignment layer on the lower panel and photo-aligned to have sub alignment portions corresponding to the domains, respectively; and a second alignment layer on the upper panel and photo-aligned to have sub alignment portions corresponding to domains, respectively, where one of the sub alignment portions of the first alignment layer has no pretilt and remaining of the sub alignment portions of the first alignment layer has different pretilt directions, and one of the sub alignment portions of the second alignment layer has no pretilt and remaining of the alignment portions of the second alignment layer has different pretilt directions.

Abstract: An organic x-ray detector and a method of making the organic x-ray detector are disclosed. The x-ray detector includes a TFT array disposed on a substrate, an organic photodiode layer disposed on the TFT array, a barrier layer disposed on the photodiode layer, and a scintillator layer disposed on the barrier layer, such that the barrier layer includes at least one inorganic material.

Abstract: An LCD with switchable viewing angle includes a first substrate, second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate is provided with a first electrode and a first alignment film. The second substrate is provided with a second electrode, a third electrode and a second alignment film. The liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the first alignment film are tilted at a first pretilt angle. The liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the second alignment film are tilted at a second pretilt angle. The second pretilt angle is in the range of 30° to 50°, and the first pretilt angle is in the range of 0° to 5°. When no bias voltage is applied to the first electrode, the LCD is displayed with a narrow viewing angle; and when a bias voltage is applied to the first electrode, the LCD is displayed with a wide viewing angle.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming an alignment film and a liquid crystal display. The method for forming an alignment film includes: providing a substrate, the substrate including a display region and a non-display region, the display region with a plurality of sides, a corner formed by two adjacent sides, the non-display region disposed to surround the display region; disposing a first alignment liquid on the display region of the substrate; disposing a second alignment liquid on the non-display region of the substrate and surrounding corners of the display region; toasting the first alignment liquid and the second alignment liquid to form an alignment film.

Abstract: A display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, a display panel and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes a display region and a non-display region. A reset zone is provided in the non-display region, and a thickness of a thin film layer provided in the reset zone is smaller than a thickness of a thin film layer provided in a zone adjacent to the reset zone. A step between the thin film layer in the reset zone and the thin film layer in the zone adjacent to the reset zone at the boundary of the reset zone and the zone adjacent to the reset zone is uniform in height; and in a direction within a surface of the display substrate and perpendicular to a rubbing direction of the display substrate, a size of the reset zone is greater than or equal to a size of the display region.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling liquid crystal alignment. An alignment film has a plurality of first grooves which are elongated in a first direction and area spaced from each other, and a plurality of second grooves which are elongated in a second direction and are spaced from each other by crossing said first grooves. Multistable liquid crystal alignment is enabled selectively by adjusting an aspect ratio of said first grooves and an aspect ratio of said second grooves.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a substrate having an ITO with a low ITO pattern visibility, which substrate is formed by a method utilizing a simple technique such as coating, printing or the like, and which method is less burdensome from the viewpoints of cost and process; and to provide a touch panel member using the substrate. The present invention provides a substrate including a region where thin layers are laminated on a transparent ground substrate, which thin layers are, in the order mentioned from the upper surface of the substrate: an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) thin layer (I); an organic thin layer (II) having a film thickness of from 0.01 to 0.4 ?m and a refractive index of from 1.58 to 1.85; and a transparent adhesive thin layer (III) having a refractive index of from 1.46 to 1.52.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes: a TFT substrate including scanning lines extending in a first direction and being arranged in a second direction, video signal lines extending in the second direction and being arranged in the first direction, pixel electrodes arranged in regions surrounded by the scanning lines and the video signal lines, and common electrodes formed with an insulating film arranged between the common electrodes and the pixel electrodes; a counter substrate opposed to the TFT substrate; and a liquid crystal. The first common electrode extends between the first and second scanning lines in the first direction, and the second common electrode extends between the second and third scanning lines in the first direction. The first and second common electrodes are electrically connected by a bridge. The bridge covers the first video signal line without covering the second video signal line, when seen in a plan view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a PSA-mode liquid crystal display device including a polymer produced by polymerizing a polymerizable compound by energy ray irradiation in a state in which a mixture of the polymerizable compound and a liquid crystal composition is held between the first substrate and the second substrate, the polymer having a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more in terms of polystyrene. In a PSA-mode display device in which alignment of liquid crystal molecules substantially vertically aligned between the substrates is controlled by applying a voltage, a pre-tilt angle can be properly given without being inhibited. Therefore, the present invention provides a PSA-mode display device with good alignment stability, uniform alignment within the substrates, and no or suppressed display defects and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A touch screen and fabrication method is provided. The touch screen includes a transparent substrate having a display region and a non-display region; a first polarizing film formed on the transparent substrate; and a second polarizing film formed on the first polarizing film. The first polarizing film includes a first region having a first polarization axis direction, and the first region is located in the non-display region along a vertical direction of the transparent substrate. The second polarizing film includes a second region having a second polarization axis direction, and the second region is located in the non-display region along the vertical direction of the transparent substrate. Further, the first polarization axis direction of the first region is perpendicular to second polarization axis direction of the second region.

Abstract: A display including a first substrate, a second substrate and spacers is provided. The first substrate includes a first base body, a device structure, an insulating layer, a pixel electrode layer and a planarization layer. The device structure is formed on the first base body. The insulating layer is formed on the device structure, and has at least one through hole. The pixel electrode layer is formed on the insulating layer. A portion of the pixel electrode layer extends into the through hole and electrically connects to the device structure. The pixel electrode layer forms a concave portion corresponding to the through hole. The planarization layer is formed on the pixel electrode layer and filled into the concave portion. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The spacers are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and are correspondingly disposed on the planarization layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring a pretilt angle of a liquid crystal (LC) are disclosed. The method includes irradiating polarized light on an LC cell including a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and an LC layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate includes a minute branch electrode. Irradiated light is scanned within a predetermined angle range in a direction not parallel to the minute branch electrode, an intensity of light that is transmitted through the LC cell is detected, and a pretilt angle of the LC is obtained by using a light intensity detection signal corresponding to the transmitted light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of optical alignment, which provides a method for fabricating a photolytic alignment film, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The method for fabricating a photolytic alignment film includes: step a: irradiating a substrate coated with a photolytic alignment material by polarized ultraviolet rays to decompose the photolytic alignment material into decomposition products, wherein the decomposition products including at least one non-polymer; and step b: rinsing the substrate irradiated by polarized ultraviolet rays by using a cleaning agent to remove the non-polymer so as to form a photolytic alignment film. In the technical solution of the present invention, the photolytic alignment film can be fabricated at a greatly lowered cost because the non-polymer is rinsed by using a cleaning agent.

Abstract: A display device includes a first color pixel, a second color pixel neighboring the first color pixel in a first direction, a third color pixel neighboring the second color pixel in the first direction, a fourth color pixel neighboring the first color pixel in a second direction, a fifth color pixel neighboring the second color pixel in the second direction, and a sixth color pixel neighboring the third color pixel in the second direction, wherein each of the first color pixel, the second color pixel, the fourth color pixel and the fifth color pixel has a first long-side length, the third color pixel has a second long-side length which is greater than the first long-side length, and the sixth color pixel has a third long-side length which is less than the first long-side length.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device (100) includes a first substrate (10) and a second substrate (20) opposing each other, and a liquid crystal layer (30) provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate includes a horizontal alignment film (12, 22) provided on a side closer to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device further includes an alignment sustaining layer (40a, 40b) provided between the horizontal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, the alignment sustaining layer containing a polymerization product of a photopolymerizable compound. The photopolymerizable compound contains an acrylate group or a methacrylate group. The polymerization product in the alignment sustaining layer contains an acrylate group or a methacrylate group as a residue. The horizontal alignment film contains an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is disposed on a second glass substrate side between a first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, a first insulating film and a second insulating film are formed in this order on a surface of the first glass substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, the outer edge portion of the liquid crystal layer is surrounded by a sealing material, and a plurality of TFTs are insulated from each other by the first insulating film and the second insulating film. A gate insulating film included in the second insulating film is so formed as to have a higher barrier property for gas and/or liquid than the first insulating film, and a groove having a bottom formed with the same material as a part of the material for forming the TFT is formed at a part or the whole of a peripheral edge portion of the second insulating film which is located more inside than a position at which the second insulating film overlaps the sealing material.

Abstract: A display panel includes pixel structures. Each pixel structure includes an active device, a pixel electrode, and a protective layer. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the active device, wherein the pixel electrode has at least one block-shaped electrode. The protective layer is located below the pixel electrode and includes a recess main portion and recess branched portions. The width of the recess main portion is greater than 0 ?m and equal to or less than 4 ?m, and the recess branched portions are extended along at least four directions. The pixel electrode covers the recess main portion and the recess branched portions. The display panel includes at least one polarizer, wherein the direction of an adsorption axis of the polarizer is different from the four directions of extension of the recess branched portions.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device which enables reductions in image sticking and droplet stains caused in production thereof without degradation of properties such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, the upper limit of the temperature of nematic phase, and rotational viscosity (?1); and there is also provided a method for manufacturing such a liquid crystal display device.