Abstract: An electro-wetting display panel including an active device array substrate, a dielectric layer, a wall structure, a first liquid containing dyes, a second liquid, and an opposite substrate is provided. The active device array substrate includes a substrate, scan lines, data lines, and pixels. The pixels are electrically connected with the scan lines and the data lines accordingly. Each pixel includes an active device, a transparent pixel electrode, and a reflective layer. The transparent pixel electrode located above the reflective layer is electrically connected with the active device. The reflective layer has a bumpy surface. The dielectric layer is disposed on the active device array substrate. The wall structure is disposed on the dielectric layer. The first liquid is disposed on the dielectric layer. The opposite substrate is disposed above the active device array substrate. The second liquid is disposed between the active device array substrate and the opposite substrate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display are provided. In one embodiment, an interferometric modulator display pixel is provided that includes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) interferometric modulator having an associated first color spectrum, and a color absorber located substantially in front of the interferometric modulator display pixel, in which the color absorber has an associated second color spectrum. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) interferometric modulator is operable to shift the first color spectrum relative to the second color spectrum to control a visual brightness of the interferometric modulator display pixel independent of a color of the interferometric modulator display pixel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cockpit for an aircraft, particularly for a helicopter, with transparent extensions (2, 3) to a dashboard (7) for displaying various control information for flight operation. The transparency of the extensions (2, 3) of the dashboard (7) is automatically or via pilot commands changeable depending on flight operations and environmental needs.

Abstract: An optical element includes a plurality of first beam bodies arranged in a first direction on a first plane and being parallel to each other, and second beam bodies placed between adjacent ones of the first beam bodies and provided parallel to the first beam bodies. The first beam body has side surfaces which face the second beam bodies adjacent thereto and are sloped so that the width in the first direction gradually decreases to the upward direction perpendicular to the first plane, the second beam body has side surfaces which face the first beam bodies adjacent thereto and are sloped so that the width in the first direction gradually increases to the upward direction perpendicular to the first plane, and as viewed in the first direction, the spacing between the first beam body and the second beam body is variable.

Abstract: Titania is a semiconductor and photocatalyst that is also chemically inert. With its bandgap of 3.0, to activate the photocatalytic property of titania requires light of about 390 nm wavelength, which is in the ultra-violet, where sunlight is very low in intensity. A method and devices are disclosed wherein stress is induced and managed in a thin film of titania in order to shift and lower the bandgap energy into the longer wavelengths that are more abundant in sunlight. Applications of this stress-induced bandgap-shifted titania photocatalytic surface include photoelectrolysis for production of hydrogen gas from water, photovoltaics for production of electricity, and photocatalysis for detoxification and disinfection.

Abstract: To achieve a size-reduction of an optical module having a circuit that generates a high-frequency clock signal for controlling optical modulation by an optical modulator and to suppress radiation of electromagnetic waves from the optical module. A through-hole via is formed on a multilayer printed circuit board so as to be insulated from a plurality of grounded wiring layers by an anti-pad. A coaxial connector and an intensity modulation control IC that generates a high-frequency clock signal are provided on the multilayer printed circuit board. The high-frequency clock signal is input to the coaxial connector through a micro-strip line formed on the multilayer printed circuit board. An open stub connected to the through-hole via is provided on a wiring layer between a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer among the plurality of wiring layers.

Abstract: A package structure and method of packaging an interferometric modulator with a reinforcing substance to help support the integrity of the package. In some embodiments the reinforcing substance is a desiccant integrated into the backplate or the transparent substrate.

Abstract: Methods and devices for calibrating and controlling the actuation of an analog interferometric modulator configured to have a plurality of actuation states. Devices and methods for calibrating an analog interferometric modulator to respond in linear relation to an applied voltage.

Abstract: A polyurethane formed from an isocyanate, a polyether diol and a polyester diol, the polyester diol having a molecular weight less than about 2000, or comprising two polyester diol segments connected by a steric hindrance group, each of the polyester diol segments having a molecular weight less than about 2000, the molar ratio of polyether diol to polyester diol being in the range of from about 1:9 to about 9:1. The polyurethane is useful as a lamination adhesive in electro-optic displays, and in components used to form such displays.

Abstract: An optical frequency comb generator includes a laser device arranged for generating input laser light having a predetermined input light frequency, a dielectric micro-resonator having a cavity exhibiting a third order nonlinearity, so that the micro-resonator is capable of optical parametric generation providing parametrically generated light, and a waveguide optically coupled to the micro-resonator, the waveguide being arranged for in-coupling the input laser light into the micro-resonator and out-coupling the parametrically generated light out of the micro-resonator, wherein the laser device, the waveguide and the micro-resonator being arranged for resonantly in-coupling the laser input light to a mode of the micro-resonator with a minimum power level so that an optical field inside the cavity exceeds a predetermined cascaded parametric oscillation threshold at which the parametrically generated light includes frequencies of frequency sidebands of the input light frequency and of the sidebands thereof.

Abstract: An optical image shutter having a transparent electro-optical crystal formed on a transparent amorphous substrate and a method of manufacturing the optical image shutter. The light image shutter is created by forming a buffer layer using a material having a similar crystalline structure to an electro-optical crystal, on a transparent amorphous substrate such as glass, and forming an electro-optical thin film layer such as the electro-optical crystal on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A frequency up-conversion system includes an optical splitter, an optical modulator, an optical phase-shifter, and an optical coupler. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical splitter is configured to split an optical wave into a first optical wave and a second optical wave, the optical modulator is configured to modulate the first optical wave to form a modulation wave, the optical phase-shifter is configured to shift the phase of the second optical wave by a predetermined phase to form a shifting wave, and the optical coupler is configured to couple the modulation wave and the shifting wave. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical modulator and the optical phase-shifter are connected in a parallel manner.

Abstract: A first electro-optic display comprises first and second substrates, and an adhesive layer and a layer of electro-optic material disposed between the first and second substrates, the adhesive layer comprising a mixture of a polymeric adhesive material and a hydroxyl containing polymer having a number average molecular weight not greater than about 5000. A second electro-optic display is similar to the first but has an adhesive layer comprising a thermally-activated cross-linking agent to reduce void growth when the display is subjected to temperature changes. A third electro-optic display, intended for writing with a stylus or similar instrument, is produced by forming a layer of an electro-optic material on an electrode; depositing a substantially solvent-free polymerizable liquid material over the electro-optic material; and polymerizing the polymerizable liquid material.

Abstract: An optical modulator 24 has a supporting substrate 5, a modulating substrate 11 made of an electro-optical material, an optical waveguide 12 provided on the side of a first main surface 30 of the modulating substrate 11, and an adhesion layer 6 adhering a second main surface 31 of the modulating substrate 11 onto the supporting substrate 5. The modulating substrate 11 has a high-frequency interaction portion 11c applying a voltage on the optical waveguide 12 to modulate propagating light, an incident portion 11a inputting light to the optical waveguide, and an outgoing portion 11b outputting light from the optical waveguide. The high-frequency interaction portion 11c is recessed on the first main surface 30 of the modulating substrate 11 with respect to the incident and outgoing portions 11a and 11b. The high-frequency interaction portion 11c has a thickness smaller than the those of the incident and outgoing portions 11a and 11b.

Abstract: A nanostructured optoelectronic device is provided which comprises a nanostructured material and a host material intermingled with the nanostructured material. The host material may have a higher index of refraction than the nanostructured material. The host material's index of refraction may be chosen to maximize the effective active area of the device. In an alternative embodiment, the host material comprises scattering centers or absorption/luminescence centers which absorb light and reemit the light at a different energy or both.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes: an electro-optical panel; a light-transmissive member that overlaps the electro-optical panel and has a protruding part that protrudes so as to be positioned outside an edge of the electro-optical panel, the light-transmissive member having a first area and a second area that is located outside the first area; a coloration layer that is formed on a surface of the light-transmissive member at the second area; an adhesive material that is provided between a part of the coloration layer and a corresponding part of the electro-optical panel as well as between the part of the light-transmissive member and a corresponding part of the electro-optical panel; and a first light-shielding layer formed over one surface of the light-transmissive member, and the first light-shielding layer being formed at an area where the coloration layer does not overlap the adhesive material in a plan view.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus is provided that is safe even when a person looks directly into a laser beam. A laser operation control unit sets the output power of at least one laser source so that intensity A (mW/mm2) of the laser beam on at least one spatial light modulation element satisfies relationship of A<686×B2 when numerical aperture B on image side of an illumination optics system is set.

Abstract: Unconventional twisted ?-electron system electro-optic (EO) chromophores/compounds, compositions and related device structures. Crystallographic analysis of several non-limiting chromophores reveals, for instance, large ring-ring dihedral twist angles and a highly charge-separated zwitterionic structure in the ground state, in both solution phase and solid-state.

Abstract: An electro-optic apparatus includes an electro-optic panel, a wiring board, and an integrated circuit unit. The integrated circuit unit including a heat radiating member arranged so as to overlap at least partly with the integrated circuit unit.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable light source includes: an optical gain medium generating light; a wavelength tunable filter positioned on a optical path and transmitting or reflecting only a predetermined wavelength generated from and injected into the optical gain medium; a first housing where the optical gain medium and the wavelength tunable filter are mounted; and an optical fiber block providing the optical wave having the predetermined wavelength come from the wavelength tunable filter, wherein the wavelength tunable filter comprised of a dielectric thin-film filter formed by alternately stacking a first dielectric thin film layer and a second dielectric thin film layer having different refractive index.

Abstract: A scanning device includes: an optical element in which a refractive index distribution changes according to the intensity of an electric field generated therein such that an incident laser beam is scanned; first and second electrodes provided on two opposite surfaces of the optical element; and a control unit that controls a voltage applied to at least one of the first and second electrodes such that the electric field is generated in one direction and the other direction opposite to the one direction with time in the optical element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bias controller for a dual output electro-optic modulator and a method for controlling the bias of a dual output electro-optic modulator. The invention further comprises an optical commutator switch with a plurality of dual-output electro-optic modulators interconnected in a tiered arrangement, and control means for deriving measurements of optical power from each of the modulators. The optical commutator is further used for determining respective bias control signals to achieve and maintain operation of the modulators substantially at their quadrature bias points, and further for generating said respective bias control signals for applying them to the respective modulators.

Abstract: A digital phase modulator for a fiber-optic measurement device. A predetermined total number of electrodes of different lengths are arranged in parallel and on both sides of a light guidance path in or on an optical substrate. The electrodes are arranged in two or more triples along the light guidance path. In each case, two electrodes of successive length within a triple have the same length ratio with respect to one another. Such length ratio is chosen, in particular, to be ?=1.618. The electrode lengths of this triple are chosen such that the smallest step widths of the output value range of the phase modulator can be formed by subtraction between the values of at least two larger electrodes. This allows the resolution of the phase modulator to be increased from 9 bits to 11 bits without change in chip size.

Abstract: Electro-optical display systems are disclosed. An electro-optical display system may include a plurality of electrodes; a display volume containing a fluid having a plurality of colorant particles; a layer adjacent to or part of at least one electrode of the plurality of electrodes and configured to at least one of (i) reflect at least one wavelength of light and (ii) absorb at least one wavelength of light; and recessed regions configured to contain the plurality of colorant particles, wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to selectively move the plurality of colorant particles between a compacted position in which all or nearly all of the plurality of colorant particles are in the recessed regions, and a spread position in which the plurality of colorant particles are spread across the display volume.

Abstract: An image display apparatus including: two substrates at least one of which is transparent; and display particles that are sealed between the substrates in a powder state so that by generating an electric field between the substrates, the display particles are moved to display an image; wherein, of contact surfaces with the display particles in a gap between the substrates, both of the surfaces on the substrate sides have oxide layers of the same metal, and the display particles include positively chargeable display particles and negatively chargeable display particles, and both of the positively chargeable display particles and the negatively chargeable display particles have structures obtained by successively forming oxide layers of the same metal as that of the metal oxide layers possessed by the surfaces on the substrate sides and organic layers on the surfaces of base particles that contain at least a resin and a colorant.

Abstract: A display for providing several viewing modes of different angular viewing characteristics comprises a display device and a passive optical device (9) of a parallax optic of fixed optical characteristics. The display device comprises a light emitting or modulating layer (7) between first and second electrode arrangements (5, 10, 11). The first electrode arrangement (5) comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes defining pixels of the display device. The second electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of counter electrodes (10, 11) arranged so that each of the pixel electrodes (5) faces a portion of each of the counter electrodes. The counter electrodes are controllable so as to select which portion of each pixel is active. This provides, in cooperation with the optical device (9) the plurality of display viewing modes.

Abstract: Exemplary methods of maximizing a spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) or a gain of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) are disclosed. At least one parameter in a set of design parameters for an EAM is varied. An SFDR of the EAM is determined in part by a first set of design parameters. A gain of the EAM is determined in part by a second set of design parameters. An output versus bias voltage transfer curve of the EAM is generated. An optimal SFDR bias voltage at which a maximum SFDR occurs for a given optical input power or an optimal gain bias voltage at which a maximum gain occurs for a given optical input power is programmatically determined based at least in part on the transfer curve.

Abstract: Provided is an electro-optic device. Sine the electro-optic device includes a plurality of first conductive type semiconductor layers and a plurality of depletion layers formed by a third semiconductor disposed between the plurality of first conductive type semiconductor layers, an electro-optic device optimized for a high speed and low power consumption can be provided.

Abstract: A multilayer body (1) having an optically active first layer system (10) is described, in which case the first layer system (10) is an optically variable device (OVD), and the optical effect of the first layer system (10) can be influenced by an electrically controllable second layer system (20).

Abstract: A polarizing mirror device including an optical substrate (1) of real refractive index ns; a dielectric multilayer mirror (2), composed of dielectric layers of low and high refractive index; and a corrugated grating layer (6) of local period ? at the side of a cover medium of refractive index nc.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods of using same where hybrid substrate materials are provided with a substantially uniform surface to provide uniformity of properties, including interaction with their environments. Uniform surfaces are applied as coatings over, e.g., hybrid metal/silica, metal/polymer, metal/metal surfaces to mask different chemical properties of differing regions of the surface and to afford a protective surface for the hybrid structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical modulation device includes a semiconductor optical modulator, wires, an output side line, an input side line and a resistor. The semiconductor optical modulator is an electroabsorption optical modulator. One of the wires is connected between an electrode of the semiconductor optical modulator and the input side line. The other of the wires is connected between the electrode of the semiconductor optical modulator and the output side line. The resistor is connected in series with the output side line. Impedance of the output side line and impedance of the resistor are different from each other.

Abstract: An optical device with at least one interconnection tab is provided. The optical device includes a pair of opposed substrates with a gap therebetween filled with an electro-optic material. Each substrate has a facing surface with a substrate electrode disposed thereon. A sealing material is disposed between the pair of opposed substrates to contain the electro-optic material. At least one interconnection tab is interposed between the substrates. The interconnection tab includes an insulator layer with opposed surfaces. A tab electrode layer is provided on each surface, wherein each tab electrode layer contacts a corresponding substrate electrode. And each tab electrode layer includes a portion that extends from the pair of opposed substrates on selected portions of the insulator layer.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to adjust the light intensity of a laser scanning microscope laser beam in an economical manner and with high accuracy. A separate acousto-optic component can be omitted in that a light modulation section such as an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) or a semiconductor amplifier (SOA) is arranged directly at the laser diode, advisably at one of its front sides. It is nevertheless possible to control the light intensity economically and with high accuracy because the important parameters of the laser beam remain unchanged when the optical output power is changed by the light modulation section. The light modulation section is preferably formed integral with the laser diode in at least one material layer.

Abstract: This invention discloses how EC devices can be fabricated as tags or labels; and further the materials used, device structures and how these can be processed by printing technologies. In addition, systems using displays of such EC devices and their integration with other components are described for forming labels and tags, etc, that may be actuated wirelessly or powered with low voltage and low capacity batteries.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods of using same where hybrid substrate materials are provided with a substantially uniform surface to provide uniformity of properties, including interaction with their environments. Uniform surfaces are applied as coatings over, e.g., hybrid metal/silica, metal/polymer, metal/metal surfaces to mask different chemical properties of differing regions of the surface and to afford a protective surface for the hybrid structure.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods of using same where hybrid substrate materials are provided with a substantially uniform surface to provide uniformity of properties, including interaction with their environments. Uniform surfaces are applied as coatings over, e.g., hybrid metal/silica, metal/polymer, metal/metal surfaces to mask different chemical properties of differing regions of the surface and to afford a protective surface for the hybrid structure.

Abstract: A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate may contain electronic circuitry fabricated on the backplane. The electronic circuitry is placed in electrical communication with the array of interferometric modulators and is configured to control the state of the array of interferometric modulators.

Abstract: An optical subsystem (e.g., a lens assembly) provides descriptors of the image quality produced by the optics. The descriptors can be communicated to the electrical back-end (e.g., detector plus image processing), which can then automatically adjust the image processing accordingly.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to cognitive stimulation apparatuses and systems, and methods of manufacturing the same. In certain exemplary implementations the invention provides an at least partially transparent, pliable gel having an optical property, such as brightness or color, and a circuit for delivering electromagnetic radiation to the gel to modify the optical property. Under certain conditions, modifying the optical property can stimulate a user's visual and other senses to help improve cognitive development and functionality.

Abstract: An optical module, which is arranged in an optical transmission path, includes an optical amplifying unit configured with a semiconductor, wherein the optical amplifying unit amplifies light input from the optical transmission path, and an optical element configured with a semiconductor, wherein the optical element propagates the light amplified by the optical amplifying unit to the optical transmission path.

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes: an optical splitter for splitting input light into a first input beam and a second input beam; an optical intensity modulator for modulating the intensity of the first input beam in response to a modulating signal; a variable optical phase shifter for shifting the phase of the second input beam; and an optical combiner for combining an output beam of the optical intensity modulator and an output beam of the variable optical phase shifter into a combined beam and outputting the combined beam. The amount of phase shift produced by the variable optical phase shifter is externally controlled.

Abstract: A light control element is provided with a thin board having electro-optical effects; an optical waveguide formed on the thin board; and a control electrode for controlling light that passes through the optical waveguide. The light control element performs speed matching between a microwave signal applied to the control electrode and the light, impedance matching of the microwaves, reduction of a driving voltage and high speed operation. In the control electrode of the light control element, a signal electrode and a grounding electrode are arranged on an upper side of the thin board, and on a lower side of the thin board, a second electrode including the grounding electrode is arranged. The second electrode is arranged not to exist below the signal electrode, especially for achieving impedance matching.

Abstract: The designed resonator system comprises a light source generating device for outputting a light source and a resonating cavity device. The resonating cavity device includes: a first waveguide with an input end for receiving the light source; a first resonator disposed adjacent to the first waveguide for receiving the light source coupled from the first waveguide in order to generate a resonating light source; a second waveguide having one end disposed adjacent to the first resonator, an adapting end for receiving the resonating light source coupled from the first resonator, and an output end; and an electro-optic modulator disposed adjacent to the other end of the second waveguide for receiving the resonating light source coupled from the second waveguide and generating an optical modulating signal by an electrical modulating signal, and the optical modulating signal is outputted from the output end of the second waveguide.

Abstract: When a waveguide of second signal light outputted from a first optical coupler intersects a waveguide of first local light outputted from a second optical coupler, a waveguide of a first signal light outputted from the first optical coupler and a waveguide of a second local light outputted from the second optical coupler are each provided with a loss compensation intersecting waveguide that compensates for loss that occurs when the waveguide of the second signal light outputted from the first optical coupler intersects the waveguide of the first local light outputted from the second optical coupler.

Abstract: An optical module includes a first silicon substrate having a first groove at its surface, a second silicon substrate having a second groove at its surface, a Laser device formed on the first silicon substrate, an optical modulator formed on the second silicon substrate, a substrate on which the first and the second silicon substrates are mounted wherein an optical axis of the Laser device is matched up with an optical axis of the optical modulator, a first lens transforming an divergent light emitted from the first optical device into a parallel light, disposed in the first groove, and a second lens converging the parallel light to the second optical device, disposed in the first groove.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first substrate spaced from a second substrate. A first conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the first substrate. A first electrochromic material is formed over at least a portion of the first conductive member. The first electrochromic material includes an organic material. A second conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the second substrate. A second electrochromic material is formed over at least a portion of the second conductive member. The second electrochromic material includes an inorganic material. An ionic liquid is positioned between the first electrochromic material and the second electrochromic material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a method for manufacturing the LCD device. The LCD device has a substrate including a display region and a pad region located in a periphery of the display region, the display region having a transparent electrode, the pad region having a pad electrode. The transparent electrode and the pad electrode are formed from the same layer. A reflective electrode having a transmission window exposing a portion of the transparent electrode is formed on the transparent electrode. The manufacturing process can be simplified because the transparent electrode is directly connected to the reflective electrode. Since the pad electrode is formed of the same layer as the transparent electrode, no metal corrosion occurs to thereby increase the pad reliability during COG bonding.

Abstract: A transflective display device has a viewing side (7) and a rear side (8) and comprises a plurality of electrowetting elements (2) having a first support plate (5) facing the viewing side and a second support plate (6) facing the rear side. Each electrowetting element comprises a space (10) between the first support plate and the second support plate and includes a first fluid (11) and a second fluid (12) immiscible with each other. The second fluid absorbs at least a part of the optical spectrum. The position of the second fluid is controllable to cover a predetermined area (30) of the cross-section (29) of the space in the plane of the second support plate. A structured reflector (18) is arranged on the second support plate, comprising within the cross-section an area (33, 34) transparent for light incident from the rear side and an area (35, 36) reflective for light incident from the viewing side.

Abstract: An electro-optic device is provided. The electro-optic device includes a junction layer disposed between a first conductivity type semiconductor layer and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer to which a reverse vias voltage is applied. The first conductivity type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity type semiconductor layer have an about 2 to 4-time doping concentration difference therebetween, thus making it possible to provide the electro-optic device optimized for high speed, low power consumption and high integration.