Abstract: Disclosed is a light control film comprising: two of transparent conductive resin substrates each having a transparent conductive layer and a transparent resin substrate; and a light control layer interposed between the two transparent conductive resin substrates to be in contact with the transparent conductive layer sides, the light control layer containing: a resin matrix; and a light control suspension dispersed in the resin matrix, wherein the transparent conductive layer contains: an organic binder resin; and a conductive polymer. The present invention can provide a light control film having satisfactory adhesiveness between the light control layer and the transparent conductive layer and having excellent radio wave transparency.

Abstract: Photonic devices and techniques based on tunable single sideband (SSB) modulation in whispering gallery mode resonators formed of different poled electro-optic domains and to support whispering gallery modes circulating in the optical resonator to effectuate a single sideband (SSB) on only one side of the laser frequency without having a mirror image sideband on the other side of the laser frequency.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transmission mode switching device and a 2D/3D switchable display apparatus. The transmission mode switching device comprises a first substrate on which a first transparent electrode is configured, a second substrate on which a second transparent electrode is configured, and a transmission mode switching layer located between the first and second substrates and formed by materials with isotropic optical properties. The transmission mode switching layer is switched between a first transmission mode in which the direction of light propagation is not altered and a second transmission mode in which the direction of light propagation is altered in response to switching of the electric field applied between the first and second transparent electrodes. The transmission mode switching device of the present invention is suitable for multiple modes, with low power consumption.

Abstract: A digital data transmission device is provided comprising optical waveguide architecture, a sideband generator, a modulation controller, an optical filter, a data mapping unit, and a phase controller. The optical waveguide architecture is configured to direct an optical signal through the sideband generator and the optical filter. The sideband generator comprises an electrooptic interferometer comprising first and second waveguide arms. The modulation controller is configured to generate an electrical drive signal to drive the sideband generator at a control voltage that is substantially larger than V? to generate optical frequency sidebands about a carrier frequency of the optical signal. The optical filter is configured to discriminate between the optical frequency sidebands and the optical carrier frequency such that optical sidebands of interest can be directed through the optical waveguide architecture as an optical millimeter wave signal.

Abstract: A large-area transmissive type optical image modulator, a method of manufacturing the same, and an optical apparatus including the transmissive type optical image modulator are provided. The large-area transmissive type optical image modulator includes: a base substrate; a first expitaxial layer formed on the base substrate; a second expitaxial layer formed on the first expitaxial layer; a first electrode formed on the first expitaxial layer and spaced apart from the second expitaxial layer; a second electrode formed on the second expitaxial layer; and a transparent substrate covering the second expitaxial layer and the second electrode, wherein the base substrate includes a through hole corresponding to a light emitting area, and the first expitaxial layer may include an n-type or p-type doping material.

Abstract: A tunable optical filter is formed in the structure of an etalon. A thin electro-optic ceramic substrate is fixed between two end substrates. Each end substrate has an inner parallel surface toward said electro-optic ceramic substrate covered by an electrode layer and a reflecting layer. An adhesive which attaches the electro-optic ceramic substrate to each first and second end substrates has a consistency so as to avoid stress on the electro-optic ceramic substrate. A voltage imposed on the electro-optic ceramic substrate by the electrode layers on the inner parallel surfaces of the first and second end substrates effectively controls an optical distance between the reflective coating layers on the inner parallel surfaces of the first and second end substrates of the etalon structure. The electro-optic ceramic substrate is preferably PMN-PT ((1-x)Pb(Mg?Nb?)O3-x—PbTiO3) and no more than 160 ?m thick.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes preparing a first substrate and a second substrate, forming a thin film transistor including a gate electrode, semiconductor layer, source electrode, and a drain electrode on the first substrate, forming a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode on the first substrate, forming a color filter having a transmissive pattern with a plurality of periodic holes, forming a sealant between the first substrate and the second substrate, and bonding the first and second substrates to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for selective transmission of an optical signal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a light modulator and a method for light modulation capable of selecting very short optical pulses of up to the femtosecond range with a low repetition frequency, wherein the repetition frequency can be variable in a range between several Hz up to the GHz range. To this end, the device has a first optical waveguide (3), a first drive circuit (14), a second optical waveguide (1, 2) and a second drive circuit (15), wherein the spacing between a switching element of the first drive circuit (14) and the first optical waveguide (3) is less than 3 mm, and the distance between a switching element of the second drive circuit (15) and the second optical waveguide (1, 2) is less than 3 mm, and the first optical waveguide (3) has a first absorber section (5), a pulse picker section (4) and a second absorber section (18).

Abstract: This document provides techniques, apparatus and designs for using electro-optic WGM resonators that support two different families of optical WGM modes with different quality factors in various applications. A radio frequency (RF) resonator is formed on the optical resonator and structured to supply an RF field and spatially overlaps the RF field of the RF resonator with the first and second optical whispering gallery modes to cause RF energy in the RF field at a first RF carrier frequency to couple with the first optical whispering gallery mode and RF energy in the RF field at a second RF carrier frequency to couple with the second optical whispering gallery mode.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device that features dual-mode operation. The display device can operate in either a low-power consumption bistable mode, or a higher-power consumption fast switching (video-rate) mode.

Abstract: Electro-optic elements are becoming commonplace in a number of vehicular and architectural applications. Various electro-optic element configurations provide variable transmittance and or variable reflectance for windows and mirrors. The present invention relates to various thin-film coatings, electro-optic elements and assemblies incorporating these elements.

Abstract: An electrical control system is disclosed for controlling a plurality of variable transmittance windows. The electrical control system comprises a master control circuit and user input circuits for supplying control signals representing transmittance levels for the variable transmission windows, and a plurality of slave window control circuits coupled to the master control circuit, user input circuits and the variable transmittance windows. Each slave window control circuit controls the transmittance of at least one of the variable transmission windows in response to control signals received from the master control circuit and/or user input circuits. Also disclosed are novel methods for the manufacture of an electrochromic device used in variable transmittance windows. Novel structural features for improving heat transfer away from the windows, shielding the window from external loads, and improving the electrical performance of the windows are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable light source includes: an optical gain medium generating light; a wavelength tunable filter positioned on a optical path and transmitting or reflecting only a predetermined wavelength generated from and injected into the optical gain medium; a first housing where the optical gain medium and the wavelength tunable filter are mounted; and an optical fiber block providing the optical wave having the predetermined wavelength come from the wavelength tunable filter, wherein the wavelength tunable filter comprised of a dielectric thin-film filter formed by alternately stacking a first dielectric thin film layer and a second dielectric thin film layer having different refractive index.

Abstract: An optical pulse delay generator is provided. The optical pulse delay generator includes a first optical converter which is dispersive and separates the spectral components of the incoming optical pulse in a time domain. The first optical converter generating a converted optical signal. The optical pulse delay generator also includes a modulator to modulate the converted optical signal and to generate a modulated optical signal and a second optical converter connected to the modulator. The second optical converter being dispersive for overlaying the previously separated spectral components in the time domain and generating the delayed optical output pulse. The dispersion imposed by the second optical converter has the same amount of dispersion, but the opposite sign, as the first optical converter. At least one of the first and second optical converter includes at least two waveguide resonator rings which differ in their optical length.

Abstract: An optical transmitter for generating a modulated optical signal to be transmitted over fiber optical link. The transmitter includes: an optical source for producing an optical signal; an optically linearized modulator (OLM) as external modulator for modulating the optical signal produced by the optical source with an information carrying signal. The external modulator includes a first input port for receiving a first DC bias signal, and a second input port for receiving a second DC bias signal. The optical transmitter further includes a pilot tone generator for generating a first pilot signal to be applied to the first input port and a second pilot signal to be applied to the second input port. The first and second pilot signals are capable of producing distortion products in the modulated optical signal.

Abstract: Imaging systems include a detector and a spatial light modulator (SLM) that is coupled so as to control image intensity at the detector based on predetermined detector limits. By iteratively adjusting SLM element values, image intensity at one or all detector elements or portions of an imaging detector can be controlled to be within limits. The SLM can be secured to the detector at a spacing such that the SLM is effectively at an image focal plane. In some applications, the SLM can be adjusted to impart visible or hidden watermarks to images or to reduce image intensity at one or a selected set of detector elements so as to reduce detector blooming.

Abstract: An optical system includes modulators positioned on a base. Each modulator includes a modulator waveguide that receives a light signal and guides the received light signal through the modulator. The system also includes drive electronics in electrical communication with the modulators. The drive electronics apply electrical energy to each of the modulators such that an electrical field is generated within the modulator waveguide so as to modulate one of the light signals into a modulated signal. The system includes multiple drive paths that each has a length from a contact pad on the drive electronics to a location where the electrical field is formed in one of the modulator waveguides. The modulators are configured such that the drive path length for each of the modulators is less than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: An optical modulator device includes a body portion operative to propagate an optical mode along a longitudinal axis of the body portion, the body portion comprising a first layer disposed on a second layer, wherein the first layer includes a first p-type doped region adjacent to a first n-type doped region along the longitudinal axis of the body portion, and the second layer includes a second n-type doped region disposed on the first p-type doped region and a second p-type doped region adjacent to the second n-type doped region along the longitudinal axis of the body portion, the second p-type doped region disposed on the first n-type doped region.

Abstract: This methods and devices described herein relate to displays and methods of manufacturing cold seal fluid-filled displays, including MEMS. The fluid substantially surrounds the moving components of the MEMS display to reduce the effects of stiction and to improve the optical and electromechanical performance of the display. The invention relates to a method for sealing a MEMS display at a lower temperature such that a vapor bubble does not formforms only at temperatures about 15° C. to about 20° C. below the seal temperature. In some embodiments, the MEMS display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate separated from the first substrate by a gap and supporting an array of light modulators, a fluid substantially filling the gap, a plurality of spacers within the gap, and a sealing material joining the first substrate to the second substrate.

Abstract: A plasmonic modulator and an optical apparatus including the same are provided. The plasmonic modulator includes a first metal layer, and a second metal layer facing the first metal layer. The plasmonic modulator further includes a refractive index varying layer disposed between the first and second metal layers and including a varying refractive index, and an insulating nitride layer disposed between the refractive index varying layer and the first metal layer.

Abstract: An optical switch includes electro-optic crystal, and electrode unit including a plurality of electrodes arranged on the same plane in electro-optic crystal to extend in parallel to one another. A refractive index of a part of electro-optic crystal is changed by an electric field generated at electrode unit, thereby switching transmission and reflection of light incident on electro-optic crystal. Electro-optic crystal has an entrance surface through which light enters and an exit surface from which light exits. Electrode unit is located between the entrance surface and the exit surface. An angle ?x formed between a longitudinal direction of electrodes and at least one surface from among the entrance surface and the exit surface is set near an angle that satisfies the expression ?x=90°?Sin?1[ cos(Tan?1(n))] in a wavelength of light to be modulated.

Abstract: A vehicular rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror casing, a reflective element and a mounting assembly for adjustably mounting the mirror assembly at a portion of the equipped vehicle. The reflective element has a front surface and a rear surface and a perimeter edge about its periphery and extending between the front and rear surfaces. The front surface generally faces a driver of the vehicle when the mirror assembly is normally mounted in the equipped vehicle. The rear surface of the reflective element may be attached to an attachment surface of an attachment plate or of the mirror casing to secure the reflective element relative to the mirror casing. The perimeter edge of the reflective element may be exposed and viewable by the driver of the vehicle when the reflective element is attached to the attachment surface and when the mirror assembly is normally mounted in the equipped vehicle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrophoretic device includes: forming a partition wall on a one substrate with a predetermined pattern; forming an adhesive layer on the partition wall; filling each region as a cell, which has been partitioned by the partition wall, with a display medium, after having formed the adhesive layer; and adhering the other substrate onto the adhesive layer on the partition wall so as to enclose the display medium. The forming of the adhesive layer is performed, with the use of a transfer film with a heat sealing agent formed thereon, by heat-transferring the heat sealing agent. The adhering of the other substrate includes heating the heat sealing agent for again softening the heat sealing agent, which has been transferred as the adhesive layer, so as to obtain an adhesive force.

Abstract: An electrical pressure-sensitive reflective display includes an array of display pixels, each with a transparent top surface, first electrode, second electrode, an elastic polymer medium, and metallic nanoparticles distributed in the elastic polymer medium. When a first voltage potential is applied between the first and second electrodes of each display pixel, a first color is reflected from the incident spectrum of light, assuming no pressure is applied on the top surface of each display pixel. When the top surface of a first display pixel is deformed in response to an applied pressure, the elastic polymer medium in the first display pixel is compressed, decreasing the metallic nanoparticle-to-metallic nanoparticle mean distance in the first display pixel. In response to decreasing the metallic nanoparticle-to-metallic nanoparticle mean distance, the color reflected from the incident spectrum of light by the second display pixel is changed from the first color to second color.

Abstract: A reflective element assembly for a vehicular mirror assembly includes a front substrate, a rear substrate, an electro-optic medium disposed between the front and rear substrates and a transmission-reducing thin film coating established at the fourth surface of the rear substrate. A window is established through the transmission-reducing thin film coating and is substantially devoid of the thin film coating at a location where a sensor is disposed behind the reflective element and having a field of view through the reflective element and through the window. A portion of the transmission-reducing thin film coating at and around the window locally varies in physical thickness, with a minimum physical thickness of the thin film coating being closest to the window and with the physical thickness of the thin film coating generally increasing to a generally maximum physical thickness of the thin film coating at a distance from the window.

Abstract: A multi-layer film, useful as a front sub-assembly in electro-optic displays, comprises, in this order: a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer (114); a light-transmissive first protective layer (112); a light-transmissive moisture barrier layer (108); and a light-transmissive second protective layer (106). This multi-layer film can be used in forming an electro-optic display by the processes described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,179 or Patent Publication No. 2007/0109219.

Abstract: An optically powered optical modulator comprises an optical modulation component, such as an electro-optical modulator, acousto-optic modulator or magneto-optic modulator, in combination with one or two lens assemblies positioned at one or both apertures of the optical modulation component, so that the optical modulator formed by the combination of the lens assembly or assemblies and the optical modulation component has optical focus power.

Abstract: An optical device includes a ridge on a base. The ridge includes an active medium. An active component on the base is a light sensor and/or a light modulator. The active component is configured to guide a light signal through the active medium included in the ridge. Electrical current carriers contact the lateral sides of the ridge on opposing sides of the ridge. Each of the electrical current carriers includes a carrier material that is doped so as to increase the electrical conductivity of the carrier material. The carrier material is different from the active medium.

Abstract: A front plane laminate useful in the manufacture of electro-optic displays comprises, in order, a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, a layer of an electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer, an adhesive layer and a release sheet. This front plane laminate can be prepared as a continuous web, cut to size, the release sheet removed and the laminate laminated to a backplane to form a display. Methods for providing conductive vias through the electro-optic medium and for testing the front plane laminate are also described.

Abstract: A flexible display device includes a flexible substrate, a display layer, a first protecting layer, and at least one light-pervious polymer film. The display layer is arranged on the flexible substrate. The first protecting layer is arranged on the display layer. The at least one light-pervious polymer film is arranged on the first protecting layer. The light-pervious polymer film is used to protect the flexible display device from being damaged by external force.

Abstract: A windshield assembly that includes a fluorescent electrowetting cell and an opaque electrowetting cell overlying a windshield and configured so the opaque electrowetting cell cooperates with the fluorescent electrowetting cell to contrast an image displayed by the fluorescent electrowetting cell with respect to a field of view beyond the windshield assembly. The ability to contrast the image makes the image easier to see when bright sunlight is present.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biochip analysis device which includes first and second spatial light modulators; and a spatial light modulation driver configured to drive the first and second spatial light modulators, wherein the first spatial light modulator varies a wavelength of light to be irradiated to a biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver and the spatial light modulator passes a fluorescence signal selected from fluorescence signals generated by the biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver.

Abstract: A dual display is disclosed, including a first substrate and a second substrate comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel comprises a plurality of subpixels. The first substrate comprises a reflective region and a transmissive region for each subpixel, and a first color fluid is movable by an electric field on the reflective region and the transmissive region of a first subpixel, wherein when the first color fluid covers the transmissive region, the dual display provides a first viewing side at the first substrate side under a transmissive mode, and when the first color fluid covers the reflective region or covers the reflective region and the transmissive region, the dual display provides a second viewing side at the second substrate side under a reflective mode.

Abstract: A photopolymer mixture is capable of use for a liquid crystal alignment layer. An alignment layer is formed from such a photopolymer mixture. The mixture comprises at least two polymerisable materials which are blended together in proportion so as to give a predetermined, preferably low, surface energy. A low surface energy, e.g., less than 4×10?2 N/m, can result in an alignment layer which imparts a particular orientation to liquid crystal molecules with out requiring any post-cure treatments. The polymerisable materials may be monomers, oligomers, or diluents that form long chain molecules when cured, and the mixture may contain additives to lower the overall surface energy.

Abstract: A photorefractive composite, a spatial light modulator and a hologram display device using the same include at least one carborane compound expressed as the following Chemical Formulae 1A through 1C: wherein the photorefractive composite exhibits photoconductivity and optical nonlinearity.

Abstract: An optical pulse generating apparatus that supplies pump light and probe light includes a light source and a modulation unit configured to modulate light emitted from the light source, thereby dividing the light into the pump light and the probe light. The modulation unit is configured such that a frequency for modulating the light is variable. The modulation unit changes a difference between a moment of the pump light incident on an object and a moment of the probe light incident on the object by changing the frequency.

Abstract: An optical phase modulator having a reduced time drift of an electro-optical response is disclosed. An optical waveguide exhibiting the electro-optic effect includes two serially coupled portions having opposite time drifts of magnitudes of their respective electro-optical responses. As a result, a time drift of an overall electro-optical response of the optical phase modulator is lessened.

Abstract: An electrowetting display, a pixel array substrate thereof, and an electrowetting display pixel structure thereof are provided. The electrowetting display pixel structure is disposed on a substrate. The electrowetting display pixel structure includes a pixel electrode, an insulating layer and a hydrophobic layer. The pixel electrode is covered with the insulating layer, and the insulating layer is covered with the hydrophobic layer. The hydrophobic layer has at least one flow guiding area, and a flowing path of a fluid medium is determined by a layout of the flow guiding area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmitter optical module which includes an electro-absorption modulated laser modulating a light into an optical signal through a high-frequency electrical signal; a first sub-mount transferring the high-frequency signal to the electro-absorption modulated laser; and a second sub-mount receiving the high-frequency signal from the electro-absorption modulated laser to terminate the electro-absorption modulated laser. A length of a first wire connecting the first sub-mount and the electro-absorption modulated laser is different from a length of a second wire connecting the second sub-mount and the electro-absorption modulated laser.

Abstract: A small-sized first translucent plate overlapped on an image display region and a plate-like cover are provided on a first substrate. Engagement plate portions of the plate-like cover are engaged with a frame so that the plate-like cover is bonded to the frame. The plate-like cover constitutes a ventilation path which extends along an extending direction of a side end surface of the first substrate and is opened at both sides of the extending direction together with a side end surface of the first translucent plate, an exposed portion of an electrooptic panel from the first translucent plate, and the frame.

Abstract: A MEMS device may be package with a desiccant to provide a moisture-free environment. In order to avoid undesirable effects on the MEMS device, the desiccant may be selected or treated so as to be compatible with a particular MEMS device. This treatment may include baking of the desiccant to as to cause outgassing of moisture or other undesirable material. The structure of the MEMS device may also be altered to improve compatibility with particular desiccants.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to luminance enhancement structure for reflective display devices. The luminance enhancement structure comprises grooves and columns, wherein said grooves have a triangular cross-section and a top angle, and said grooves and columns are in alternating order and in a continuous form in one direction. The luminance enhancement structure not only can reduce the total internal reflection, but also especially can enhance the on-axis brightness of a display device.

Abstract: A microcavity-controlled two-dimensional carbon lattice structure device selectively modifies to reflect or to transmit, or emits, or absorbs, electromagnetic radiation depending on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. The microcavity-controlled two-dimensional carbon lattice structure device employs a graphene layer or at least one carbon nanotube located within an optical center of a microcavity defined by a pair of partial mirrors that partially reflect electromagnetic radiation. The spacing between the mirror determines the efficiency of elastic and inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation inside the microcavity, and hence, determines a resonance wavelength of electronic radiation that is coupled to the microcavity. The resonance wavelength is tunable by selecting the dimensional and material parameters of the microcavity. The process for manufacturing this device is compatible with standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing processes.

Abstract: An optical image modulator and a method of manufacturing the same. The optical image modulator includes a substrate, an N electrode contact layer formed on the substrate, a lower distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) layer, a quantum well layer, an upper DBR layer, and a P electrode contact layer sequentially stacked on the N electrode contact layer, a P electrode formed on the P electrode contact layer, and an N electrode formed on the N electrode contact layer. The N electrode is a frame that surrounds the lower DBR layer.

Abstract: An electrical termination circuit for a traveling wave optoelectronic device is disclosed. The electrical termination circuit is constructed to reflect a portion of a radio-frequency signal back into the optoelectronic device. The reflected signal is out of phase with the applied radio-frequency signal at a frequency of a detrimental spectral feature or a bump in an electro-optical transfer characteristic of the optoelectronic device. The amplitude and the phase of the reflected signal are selected so as to suppress the detrimental spectral feature without a significant reduction in the efficiency of electro-optical or optical-electrical transformation of the optoelectronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light modulating device, comprising a SLM and a pixelated optical element, in which a group of at least two adjacent pixels of the SLM in combination with a corresponding group of pixels in the pixelated optical element form a macropixel, the pixelated optical element being of a type such that its pixels comprise a fixed content, each macropixel being used to represent a numerical value which is manifested physically by the states of the pixels of the SLM and the content of the pixels of the pixelated optical element which form the macropixel.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a display apparatus comprising a light source is provided, said light source comprising at least one superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED), the apparatus further comprising at least one light modulating device arranged in a beam path of a light beam emitted by said light source and operable to emit influenced light upon incidence of said light beam, the light modulating device being operatively connected to an electronic control, the display apparatus further comprising a projection optics arranged in a beam path of said influenced light.

Abstract: The present subject matter can include a two-dimensional electrochemical writing assembly and uses thereof. The writing assembly can enable for time-dependently displaying of a physical parameter, such as a time-dependent display or recording of the temperature. The writing assembly comprises two different types of electrochemical processors, of which one type is used for controlling the time-dependent switching of the second type of electrochemical processors used in the writing assembly.

Abstract: A projection design configured for use with a projector having a projector lens is provided. The device includes at least one pi-cell or pi-cell electro-optical modulator in combination with a wire grid polarizer mounted proximate the pi-cell(s). The design may include a cleanup polarizer between the pi-cell(s) and the wire grid polarizer and optionally a protective window between the wire grid projector and projection lens. The device may be oriented at an angle substantially differing from the axis of the projector lens. The resultant device includes spacing for airflow and can offer improved performance, particularly in heating, over designs previously available.

Abstract: An active matrix electrophoretic display is driven. In a reset period Tr a reset voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Next, in a writing period an applied voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode during a time period corresponding to a gradation value designated by an image data. Next, a common voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode, so that electric charge accumulated in each capacitor is taken away and no electric field is applied to each dispersal system, thereby a displayed image is held.