Abstract: A portable communication terminal employs an electro-acoustic transducer having openings on the housing. The openings of the transducer are coupled to a housing of the terminal or acoustic pipes unitarily formed with the housing of the transducer. An opening of the acoustic pipe faces an opening provided in the housing of the terminal. The terminal uses a transducer including a diaphragm, a cover closely jointed to an outer periphery of the diaphragm and facing a front face of the diaphragm, and a frame provided at a rear face of the diaphragm. The terminal and the transducer consume less power and yet radiate greater output sound pressure with smaller bodies. They can deliver sound from a display section, so that a user accepts the sound normally.

Abstract: Each track is made up of a linkage of regions, and each of the regions is made up of a linkage of nodes or clusters. Sound data are stored on a cluster-by-cluster basis, and reproduced by tracing such linkages. Each time editing is performed on a virtual track of the track, a track data of a corresponding leading region in the edited virtual track is stored in memory as a history record of the track. When an undoing instruction is given, desired record data is selected from the history records of the leading region. Where the sound data in the trailing-end cluster of a preceding region and leading-end cluster of a succeeding region amount to less than 50% of a predetermined total data quantity of sound data to be contained in a proper cluster, the sound data represented by a trailing-end offset and the sound data represented by a leading-end offset are combined together and then written into a reproducing cluster.

Abstract: A midrange loudspeaker for operation in conjunction with low-frequency and high-frequency loudspeaker modules in a theater sound system, having a reduced depth for deployment in limited space. The midrange module is configured with a plurality of drivers and a waveguide unit that provides uniform sound coverage throughout a theater auditorium with substantially seamless crossovers at 250 Hz and 1.5 kHz and with the vertical beam-width held substantially constant by an electrical filter network.

Abstract: A wearable audio interface includes a support for positioning the plurality of speakers juxtaposed to and spaced from the ears of a wearer. The audio device can include wireless networking electronics so as to allow the device to interact with other wireless network devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for increasing the quality of sound from an acoustic source comprises in one embodiment a hollow enclosure, an acoustic source, an acoustic guide, a pair of acoustic inlet openings, a pair of acoustic exit openings, and pair of acoustic paths, wherein the acoustic inlet openings separate acoustic waves from the acoustic source and direct the acoustic waves the length of the acoustic paths to the acoustic exit openings in such a manner as to increase the quality of sound, and especially bass sound, from the acoustic source.

Abstract: A sound collecting device is provided which is designed to minimize adverse effects on an output caused by exposure of an electroacoustic transducer to the air. The device includes an electroacoustic transducer and a vibrating circuit. The transducer is exposed to the air and responsive to input of a sound wave to produce a corresponding acoustic signal. The vibrating circuit vibrates the transducer to shake foreign substances such as dust or drops of water from the transducer. In a modified form, an electromagnetic sensor is provided which measures an electromagnetic noise transmitted to the transducer and which removes the electromagnetic noise from an output of the transducer to produce a noiseless acoustic signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) constructed as portable hook-on frame (2, 3, 4,) with folding work tops or panels (5, 6, 7) and is composed of a basic frame (2) with a telescopic suspension frame (3) with suspension hooks (4), in which out of the basic frame (2) nearly the bottom side a hinging foldable work top (5) and nearby the upper side a hinging expandable U-shaped document holder frame (6) with plate (7) is mounted, in which the whole is especially useable for technicians, whom execute work on measurement and control cabinets and such.

Abstract: A one-piece speaker assembly has a speaker having a case, a gasket made of elastomer and secured to an upper portion of the case, and a connector made of elastomer and secured to an underside of the case.

Abstract: A two-way communication device comprises a magnetoelastic rod (4) located between an inertial back mass (8) and a front panel (6) of low mass. A coil (13, 5) located in the vicinity of the rod (4), and the rod and coil together defining an audio-electric transducer. Electronic processing means ensures that an audio-electric signal input to the device is applied to the coil (13, 5) a sound wave is produced from the low mass panel (6) and when a sound wave impinges on the low mass panel (6) an audio-electric signal is produced which is output from the device.

Abstract: A micromachined capacitive electrical component such as a condenser microphone with a support structure and a rigid plate with an electrically conductive plate electrode secured to the support structure at discrete locations. A diaphragm of a substantially non-conductive material is secured to the support structure along its periphery at a predetermined distance from the substantially rigid plate, whereby the substantially rigid plate and the diaphragm define an air gap. The diaphragm is movable in response to sound pressure and carries an electrically conductive diaphragm electrode. The support structure and the diaphragm electrode are electrically interconnected so as to have substantially the same electrical potential. A layer of a substantially non-conductive material is disposed between the substantially rigid plate and the support structure at least at the discrete locations.

Abstract: An assembly (100) for acoustic sealing of a transducer (104) in a communication device is provided. The assembly (100) allows for assembly along one axis (112) and acoustical sealing along another axis (115). The assembly (100) allows for another transducer (106) to be acoustically sealed on a different plane than that of the first transducer (104). Through the use of a compliant member (204) and rigid member (108) coupled to the transducer (104) a floating seal is formed between the chassis (102) and the housing (103) of the communication device (100).

Abstract: A direction finder arrangement advantageously employs a plurality of transducers to derive a plurality of predetermined polar directivity patterns each of which has a predetermined spatial orientation pointing in a predetermined fixed direction relative to each of the other polar directivity patterns. The polar directivity patterns detect a plurality of amplitude values of a propagating wave approaching at different angles relative to the plurality of spatially oriented polar directivity patterns. Then, the detected wave amplitude values are processed to determine an estimate of a direction toward the source of the arriving wave. More specifically, the detected amplitude values are processed to obtain an estimate of the directional orientation of a hypothetical polar directivity pattern pointing toward the source of the arriving wave.

Abstract: The new speaker system includes masking capabilities, as well as optional paging capabilities and has a speaker mounted so as to be upwardly directed on a support plate or rack within a ceiling plenum, with an optional low profile backbox. An optional paging speaker is mounted within the backbox downwardly facing on the support rack.

Abstract: In a product configuration (1) comprising a product (2) and a mounting disc (4) connected to the product (2), wherein the mounting disc (4) is provided with an adhesive layer (8), said adhesive layer (8) is covered with a protective foil (9) which is connected to a protective foil removal strip (10) that can be brought into contact with a protective holder (15) during insertion of the product configuration (1) into said protective holder (15) for the product configuration (1), such that a subsequent removal of the product configuration (1) from the protective holder (15) ensures an automatic removal of the protective foil (9) from the second adhesive layer (8) by the protective holder (15).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electroacoustic transducer characterized in that the desirable tension of a diaphragm is not changed, the interval between the diaphragm and the electrode portion can accurately be kept, the amplitude of the diaphragm in response to sound waves can be increased, and the influence of an external force can be reduced.

Abstract: A space-saving, simply assembled bearing of an electroacoustic miniature transducer that also exhibits good damping properties is provided via a first and second elastic retainer element, whereby the first elastic retainer element is secured to the housing of the electroacoustic miniature transducer only in a central region of the front side of the housing and the second elastic retainer element is secured to the housing of the electroacoustic miniature transducer only in a central region of the housing backside lying opposite the front side of the housing.

Abstract: A yoke, a permanent magnet, and a top plate are stacked on a frame in order, and adhered with each other. The frame has a positioning protuberance projected from the frame, and each of the yoke, permanent magnet, and top plate has a central hole and is engaged with the positioning protuberance at the central hole.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer driving circuit has a main oscillator stage, a buffer circuit, and a voltage-doubling circuit. The main oscillator stage includes a frequency-swept signal generator that can be configured to provide different outputs to the buffers, which in turn provide the output to the voltage-doubling circuit, which supplies the piezoelectric transducer, causing it to mechanically deform and produce audible sounds of different types.

Abstract: A reduced-size speaker for generating sound waves in wide low frequency audio region includes a cylindrical main body which is open at the top and bottom surfaces, a top lid being provided on the top surface of the main body and a circular ring-shaped base, which has a hole in its center, being provided on the bottom surface of the main body. A circular sound pipe is provided approximately in the center of the top lid and extends from the upper surface of the main body through the inside of the main body. A disc-like film is provided over the opening of the hole of the base, which is located at the outer side with respect to the main body, the disc-like film being held between the base and a circular ring-shaped bottom lid. A disc-like sound generator is provided in the opening of the hole of the base, which is located at the inner side with respect to the main body, with a circular ring-shaped damper provided in between.

Abstract: The invention relates to the addition of dyes to aerobically curable adhesive compositions based on free-radically polymerizable compounds. The dyes serve as user-friendly indicators for monitoring the oxygen intake required to trigger the polymerization. The indicator dyes are especially suitable for aerobically adhesive compositions which contain activator systems for forming peroxides upon contact with air. Suitable dyes and indicators are those whose color change in aqueous solution lies within a pH range from 3.0 to 6.5.

Abstract: An economical and compact dual-chamber loudspeaker includes a small driver received within a partition extending between, and in acoustical and pneumatic communication with, both a front and a back chamber, each of which has a relatively small volume. An elongated vent is in acoustical and pneumatic communication between the front and back chamber at a substantially planar opening in the partition. The drone cone is in acoustical and pneumatic communication between the front chamber and the outside environment at a substantially planar opening in the housing. The two openings are spaced apart and generally parallel to each other. In a preferred embodiment, the volume of the chambers is minimized by securing an elongated concentric vent around the vent extending between the front and back chambers.

Abstract: An integral micro-speaker having bi-directional dual magnetic field loops is provided. In general, the integral micro-speaker is incorporated into a wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone or a mobile telephone. The integral micro-speaker serves as a receiver and a speaker in a wireless telephone. The integral micro-speaker may further incorporate a vibrator for producing an added vibration function to the wireless telephone. In other words, a receiver, a speaker and a vibrator may be combined together to form an integral component inside the wireless telephone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multifunction actuator comprising: a case having an internal space; a sound generating diaphragm with the outer end fixed to the upper end of the case; a voice coil cylindrically wound and fixed around the lower end of the diaphragm; a main magnet magnetized in the upward and downward directions; an upper plate attached to the magnet for forming a magnetic circuit; a yoke for forming the magnetic circuit with the magnet; a weight for forming a vibrating body with the upper plate and the yoke; suspension springs for supporting the weight from the upside and downside; a vibrating coil installed in the lower end of the case for generating vibration by using a portion of magnetic flux generated as above; and a ring-shaped auxiliary magnet installed in the yoke; wherein the magnetic circuit is provided to increase strength of magnetic flux under the same pressure while defining the same magnetic field as previous one so that sound pressure and vibration features of the multifunction actuator of the

Abstract: Disclosed is a vibration speaker capable of transferring a stable vibratory force to a set including the vibration speaker for eliminating a touch sound of a vibrating mass and generating a minimum vibrating force during vibration by expanding inputted frequency bandwidth.

Abstract: An ultra-directional speaker system has a speech generation means, an ultrasonic generation means, an amplitude modulation means to which the speech generation means and ultrasonic generation means are connected, an electro-acoustic transducer means which converts an ultrasonic modulated signal that is output from the amplitude modulation means to an acoustic signal, and a virtual sound source positioning means that establishes the position of a virtual sound source by detecting the position of a listener by detecting the ultrasonic waves that are output from the electro-acoustic transducer means and reflected from the listener.

Abstract: A subwoofer cabinet having a volume less that 1 ft3 axially aligned openings in opposed cabinet walls; first and second cages mounted on respective ones of the walls in alignment with the openings; a voice coil driven driver including an annular 225 oz. magnet affixed to the first cage; a stationary pole piece extending through the magnet and defining a magnetic gap therebetween; a voice coil mounted on a cylindrical voice coil former positioned within the gap; a cone affixed to one end of the former; a first flexible surround secured to the outer end of the cone and attached at its periphery to the first cage; a flexible spider secured to the former and at its outer periphery to the first cage; a mass driven driver including a 1.7 lb. mass; a second flexible surround secured to the mass and to the second cage; a flexible spider attached to the second cage and to the mass; both surrounds having a uniform thickness of at least 0.1″, an edgeroll having a diameter of at least 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi actuator including a case having a space and a groove therein, a vibration plate for generating sound, of which outer end portion is fixed to an upper end portion of the case, a voice coil fixed to a lower end portion of the vibration plate, a magnet magnetized vertically, an upper plate attached to the magnet, for generating a magnetic field, a yoke for generating the magnetic field together with the magnet, upper and lower plate springs for supporting the yoke and vibration mass including a weight, and a vibration coil installed in an upper surface of a shield plate, for generating vibration using a magnetic flux formed in the magnetic field. The multi actuator used for mobile communication systems such as cellular phones and pagers provides a structure that prevents the plate springs from being deformed to improve reliability and vibration characteristic.

Abstract: A transducer for detecting position in three generally orthogonal directions has a base unit (10), a mobile unit (20) and a hollow elongate arm (6) which is fixed to the base unit and is angularly movable relative to the base unit such that in use it extends generally towards the mobile unit. A variable length coupling line (4) coupling the base unit to the mobile unit passes through the guide arm and thus measurement of the angular position of the guide arm and the extended length of the coupling length of the coupling line enables the relative positions of the base unit and the mobile unit to be calculated. The angle made between the coupling line and the mobile unit may also be measured which allows the position of distal parts of the mobile unit to be determined relative to the base unit.

Abstract: A method for expressing a vibratory music that may be felt as a piece of music for a human being in according with an acoustic vibration in an auditory region and/or a body sensible vibration or a body sensible acoustic vibration and an apparatus therefor are obtained. A signal about 16 Hz to 150 Hz (sound compass C0 to D3) in a frequency band of a body sensible vibration is used and what is composed and arranged in combination of strength, length, frequency, waveform and overlap of the vibration on a time basis, based upon a constant theory is expressed as a vibratory music. Transducers 5 are assembled into a backrest, a seat portion and a leg portion of a reclining seat, respectively. Speakers are mounted on a head portion. The transducers for outputting the sound vibrations are provided on both arm rests.

Abstract: A sound pressure detecting system comprises a piezoelectric substrate, input and output interdigital transducers formed on an upper end surface of the piezoelectric substrate, a liquid cavity, an air cavity, a partition wall between the liquid cavity and the air cavity, a signal analyzing unit connected between the input- and output interdigital transducers, and a monitor. When an input electric signal is applied to the input interdigital transducer, a leaky elastic wave is excited in the piezoelectric substrate. The leaky elastic wave is radiated effectively in the form of a longitudinal wave into a liquid in the liquid cavity. The longitudinal wave is reflected at the partition wall, and then, is detected at the output interdigital transducer as a delayed electric signal. If the partition wall senses a sound pressure from the outside, the delay time of the delayed electric signal changes.

Abstract: There is provided an electroacoustic transducer 1 comprising a base 24 made of magnetic material, a magnetic core 22 made of magnetic material and provided erectly on the base 24, a diaphragm 20 made of magnetic material and supported with a gap between the diaphragm and a forward end of the magnetic core, a magnet 25 constituting a magnetic circuit together with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 so as to provide a magnetostatic field, a coil 23 disposed around the magnetic core for applying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit, a coil bobbin 30 for holding the coil 23, a housing 10 for receiving the above-mentioned members, a filler 19 applied to an external surface side of the base 24, and lead terminals 41 and 42 for supplying an electric current. The lead terminals 41 and 42 have protrusion portions 41a and 42a, respectively, protruding into an internal surface side of the base 24 in the axial direction of the coil.

Abstract: A panel loudspeaker has a panel (61) which supports resonant bending wave modes imparted by a transducer (63) mounted on the panel, and a panel suspension (71) for suspending the panel on a support (67). The panel (61) is elongate and the panel suspension (71) is located in the region of each short end of the panel to partially restrain the short ends so that the motion of a central region of the panel is significantly greater than the motion of the short ends. A television comprising a screen and a molding surrounding the screen may incorporate one or more panel loudspeakers as described above mounted in the molding adjacent the screen.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 includes a base 24 made of a magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 made of a magnetic material and upstanding on the base 24; a diaphragm 20 made of a magnetic material and spaced from a leading end of the magnetic core; a magnetic field generating member 25 cooperating with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 to constitute a magnetic circuit, for supplying a static magnetic field; a coil 23 placed around the magnetic core, for supplying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit. The magnetic field generating member 25 constitutes a multiplex ring structure in which a magnet 25a and a support ring 26 are integrated together, whose faces opposing the diaphragm 20 have respectively magnetic poles of the same polarity.

Abstract: A monopole low frequency test woofer (10) has a rigid mounting plate (!2) with an acoustical opening (14), a monopole driver (16) with a high mass cone and low resonance mounted on the mounting plate with the basket (13) of the driver fitting about the opening, and a rear tub (20) attached to the mounting plate forming a sealed enclosure about the driver. An inductor (18) is also in connected in series with the monopole driver inside the enclosure. The sealed enclosure has an electrical connector (26) for making connection to an external circuit. The difference in outputs between the test woofer and standard optimized speaker represents the loss in baffling due to the vehicle environment being less than ideal.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer of small dimensions has a cup-shaped component made of a metallizable plastic material embedded in a housing component having a housing shape and being of a non-metallizable plastic material. The cup-shaped component has an inner surface provided with a metal coating. A magnet is arranged in the cup-shaped component. A diaphragm is connected to the housing component and has an oscillation coil configured to interact with the magnet.

Abstract: A panel-shaped loudspeaker comprising a panel (1) having a first main surface (1A) and a second main surface (1B) parallel to the first main surface and further comprising an exciter (3) positioned at the first main surface. When the exciter is energized the panel is capable of sustaining bending waves and has a distribution of resonant modes of its natural bending wave vibration, which results in an acoustic radiation. The loudspeaker has a tuning element (17) extending near the second main surface of the panel and positioned opposite the exciter so as to form a resonant cavity (18) between the panel and the exciter.

Abstract: A curable resin composition comprising (1) a polymerizable vinyl monomer, (2) a polymerization initiator, (3) an aromatic amine and/or a pyridine derivative, (4) a &bgr;-diketone elate and/or a &bgr;-keto-ester, and (5) a phosphate.

Abstract: A compound driver acoustic transducer. A frame supports a motion generator to one side of two diaphragms. An intermediate diaphragm is continuous and is driven by the motion generator. The intermediate diaphragm forms a closed volume with a solid portion of the frame that opens into a central opening through the other, open diaphragm. An axially rigid coupling connects the two diaphragms so they operate in unison.

Abstract: A transducer (14) for producing a force which excites an acoustic radiator, e.g. a panel (12) to produce an acoustic output. The transducer (14) has an intended operative frequency range and comprises a resonant element which has a distribution of modes and which is modal in the operative frequency range. Parameters of the transducer (14) may be adjusted to improve the modality of the resonant element. A loudspeaker (10) or a microphone may incorporate the transducer.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 is configured by: a base 24 made of a magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 made of a magnetic material, and upstanding on the base 24; a diaphragm 20 made of a magnetic material and supported with being separated from the tip end of the magnetic core by a gap; a magnet 25 which cooperates with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 to constitute a magnetic circuit, and which supplies a static magnetic field; a coil 23 wound around the magnetic core 22, and supplying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit; and a housing 30 formed integrally with the base 24 and the magnet 25. A communication path 50 through which the back space of the diaphragm 20 communicates with the outside is formed in a side wall of the housing 30.

Abstract: A woofer apparatus having a cabinet defining a chamber, a magnet, a voice coil member positioned to reciprocate in the magnetic field of the magnet, a speaker diaphragm, and a passive radiator diaphragm. The components are arranged so that the maximum box pressure during maximum displacement mode of operation is greater than 0.2 psi. the tuned frequency of the apparatus is, in a preferred mode, at about 35 Hz, so that the passive radiator has substantially greater maximum excursion strokes at maximum displacement than the speaker diaphragm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a speaker having a device capable of generating sound and vibration for notifying reception of an incoming call when a radio incoming signal is received. The speaker comprises a cylindrical frame; magnetic field forming means disposed in the cylindrical frame for forming first and second magnetic flux; a sound generating section for producing electromagnetic force by interaction with the first magnetic flux and thereby generating sound, when a signal having a frequency which is no less than a predetermined frequency, is applied thereto; and vibration generating means for producing electromagnetic force by interaction with the second magnetic flux and thereby generating vibration, when a signal having a frequency which is less than the predetermined frequency, is applied thereto.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 includes a diaphragm 20 made of magnetic material and spaced from the forward end of the magnetic core; a magnet 25; a coil 23 wound around the magnetic core 22 and supplying an oscillating magnetic field to the diaphragm; a support ring 26 which supports the diaphragm 20; a lower housing 30 which accommodates members; an upper housing 10 attached to the upper housing 10. Coil spring-like terminals 52 are attached to terminal accommodating portions 50a which are opened in the bottom face of the lower housing 30. Lead wires 23a and 23b of the coil 23 are directly connected to the terminals 52, respectively. The terminal accommodating portions 50a are sealed by a soldering process.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 is configured by: a base 24 made of a magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 made of a magnetic material and upstanding from the base 24; a diaphragm 20 made of a magnetic material and spaced from the tip end of the magnetic core by a gap; a magnet 25 which cooperates with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 to constitute a magnetic circuit, and which supplies a static magnetic field; a coil 23 wound around the magnetic core 22, and supplying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit; and a housing 30 formed integrally with the base 24 and the magnet 25. The housing 30 is interposed between the base 24 and the magnet 25, and the plan-view shape of the base 24 has a portion which elongates more outwardly than the width center of the magnet 25.

Abstract: In an electroacoustic transducer (1) having a magnet system (7) and having a moving coil (15), which is disposed in the air gap (14) of the magnet system (7), and having a diaphragm (17) attached to the moving coil (15) the diaphragm (17) has a mounting zone (24) for mounting the moving coil (15), the diaphragm (17) having projections (25) in the mounting zone (24) and the diaphragm (17) having an interspace between every two projections (25), two stabilizing walls (32, 33), which are inclined with respect to the diaphragm axis (18), are arranged each interspace and are arranged so as to form a roof shape and are formed so as to project beyond the mounting zone (24) in radial directions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a transducers principle operating parameters which utilizes two transfer functions; 1) the transfer function from the pressure response (50) to the voltage drop across the transducer (60); and 2) the transfer function from the pressure response (50) to the current flow through the transducer(70). The parameters of simple filter equations are fitted to these measured response curves. The transducers operating parameters are then calculated directly from the fitted parameters of the filter equations. Several methods for measuring the pressure and determining the appropriate filter equations are shown.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer 1 has: a base 24 made of magnetic material; a magnetic core 22 provided erectly on the base 24; a diaphragm 20 supported so as to separate from a forward end of the magnetic core with an air gap therebetween; a magnet 25 constituting a magnetic circuit together with the base 24, the magnetic core 22 and the diaphragm 20 so as to apply a magnetostatic field to the magnetic circuit; a coil 23 for applying an oscillating magnetic field to the magnetic circuit; and a support ring 26 for supporting the diaphragm 20; wherein all the members constituting the electroacoustic transducer are enclosed in the base 24 and a casing 10; tapered coil spring terminals 40 are fixed to a wiring board 30 attached to the bottom surface of the base 24; and a skirt portion 13 of the casing 10 abuts against a circuit board 51 in the condition that the electroacoustic transducer 1 is mounted on the circuit board 51, so that the spring terminals 40 are prevented from being compressed beyond necessity.

Abstract: A digital type electroacoustic transducer converts between a digital electric signal and an analog acoustic signal and includes units A (sounding bodies) arranged on the same plane as that of units B (sound receiving sensors), with the number of group units being decided at a ratio corresponding to a digit position of each bit of the digital signal. When the bit exists, a power source for electrode driving and the group unit are connected, and both of an electric/acoustic conversion and a digital/analog conversion are simultaneously executed through the unit A. The units B provide an addition value of all outputs of the units A. After a level of the detection acoustic signal is adjusted by a preamplifier, the signal is delta modulated and supplied to an arithmetic operating circuit. When a digital electric signal which is input does not exist, only the acoustic signal which arrives at the diaphragm surface of the unit B is input to the arithmetic operating circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for converting an electric input signal into an acoustic or a mechanical output signal comprising a transducer 19, a controller 15 and a parameter detector 17. The output 23 of the controller is connected via the parameter detector to the terminals of the transducer. The controller has a parameter vector input 24 to change the linear or nonlinear transfer characteristic of the controller between its control input 13 and control output 23. The parameter detector comprises an error circuit 31 and update circuit 33. The error circuit 31 measures an electric signal at the terminals of the transducer and generates an error signal e(t) which describes the difference between the measured electric signal and an estimated electric signal derived from the output signal or other state signals of the controller. The update circuit 33 estimates transducer parameters by minimizing the amplitude of the error signal.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a type of multi-functional audio & video control box, comprising such components as an antimagnetic speaker box and several sets of audio/video selector whereby an audio/video connection switch box and an audio input/output speaker switch functions are completely integrated inside an antimagnetic speaker box, so as to very efficiently save space, with possible designing and combination of easily operated switches.