Abstract: A filter material for generating oxygen and/or hydrogen gas from a source having a porous boron doped carbon film with diRuthenium/diRuthenium molecules in direct contact with the porous boron doped carbon film, a synthetic film having at least one zeolite crystalline body in direct contact with the nanocarbon tubules, or both in a continuous alternating arrangement.

Abstract: An axial thin-film reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions in the gas phase, comprising a cylindrical pressure casing, a device for letting in a gaseous reactant stream, a device for letting out a gaseous product stream, a device for receiving a catalyst bed arranged vertically in the reaction chamber and isolated from the reactor wall at the sides and at the ends so as to produce two separate chambers for the gaseous reactant stream and the gaseous product stream that are sealed with respect to one another and have two gas-permeable bounding walls arranged plane-parallel to one another. The device is designed in such a way that it has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1 and the catalyst bed has a height-to-thickness ratio greater than 1.

Abstract: A reaction vessel (reactor) is shown that, filled with metal and placed either within a CVD type furnace or in a housing in fluid communication with the CVD type furnace can produce commercial quantities of a metal halide gas over extended time periods and multiple furnace runs. The control of temperature and the simplicity of this reaction vessel allows temperature differentials between the metal halide gas produced and the CVD type reactor target thus providing differing deposits. The reactor is noteworthy in that no valves, flow restrictors or other equipment which could create corrosion problems is used in the heated/reactive area of the vessel thus producing very high quality metal halide gas.

Abstract: Highly active, low pressure drop catalyst systems. Catalytically active material is provided on at least a portion of the channel sidewalls of a body comprising one or more flow-through channels. The channel sidewalls preferably bear a charge, e.g., an electrostatic or electret charge, to help adhere the catalytically active material to the sidewall. The catalytically active material preferably includes gold provided on a particulate support, and PVD techniques are used to deposit catalytically active gold onto the support. Optionally, the gold-bearing particulates may be charged as well in a manner to facilitate attraction between the particulates and the sidewalls.

Abstract: A method of making palladium-containing nanoscale catalyst particles comprising subjecting a starting material to laser energy so as to form a vapor and condensing the vapor so as to form the catalyst particles. The catalyst comprises nanoscale particles of palladium and/or palladium oxide incorporated in and/or on nanoscale particles of a metal or metal oxide. The nanoscale catalyst, which can be incorporated in the tobacco cut filler, cigarette wrapper and/or cigarette filter of a cigarette, is useful for low-temperature and near-ambient temperature catalysis. The nanoscale catalyst can convert carbon monoxide and nitric oxide that are found in mainstream smoke to carbon dioxide and nitrogen, respectively. The nanoscale catalyst may also be incorporated into a hydrocarbon conversion reactor, into a vehicle exhaust emissions system, into a laser, into a fuel cell or used in an air filter or for emissions reduction in the cold starting of an automobile engine.

Abstract: Atmospheric and/or vacuum resid fractions of a high solvency dispersive power (HSDP) crude oil are added to a blend of crude oil to prevent fouling of crude oil refinery equipment and to perform on-line cleaning of fouled refinery equipment. The HSDP resid fractions dissolve asphaltene precipitates and maintain suspension of inorganic particulates before coking affects heat exchange surfaces.

Abstract: A compact device for mixing fluids in a downflow reactor comprising at least one substantially horizontal gathering device provided with a vertical gathering line intended to receive the fluids, at least one injection device arranged in the gathering line, an annular mixing chamber located downstream from the gathering means in the direction of circulation of the fluids, the mixing chamber comprising an inlet end directly connected to the gathering line and an outlet end for passage of the fluids, and a horizontal predistribution plate comprising at least one chimney, the plate being located downstream from the mixing chamber at a distance d2, in the direction of circulation of the fluids. The reactor is especially useful for exothermic reactions, e.g. hydrotreatment, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrocracking, hydrogenation and hydrodearomatization reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor with a nanometric superstructure, comprising at least one member wherein at least one reaction chamber is arranged, and said reaction chamber being filled at least partially with a high specific surface area material having a specific surface area greater than 5 m2/g, and characterised in that said high specific surface area material is selected from nanotubes or nanofibres. These nanotubes or nanofibres are preferably selected in the group consisting of carbon nanofibres or nanotubes, ?-SiC nanofibres or nanotubes, TiO2 nanofibres or nanotubes. They may be deposited on an intermediate structure selected in the group consisting of glass fibres, carbon fibres, SiC foams, carbon foams, alveolar ?-SiC foams, said intermediate structure filling the reaction chamber of said reactor at least partially.

Abstract: An improved reactor for an HF alkylation unit of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger type has an axial tube bundle to provide cooling for the reactor and a centrally-located axial sparger system for injecting and dispersing the hydrocarbon reactants into the flow path in the reactor. The sparger comprises an axially-extensive tube with outlet nozzles for the hydrocarbon reactants arranged around the tube, preferably with differing radial angles, at different locations along the length of the sparger.

Abstract: A method of combusting a catalyzed hydrocarbon fuel comprising providing a first fluid and a second fluid, at least one of said fluids comprising a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel with an air stream, passing the first fluid into one or more catalytic tubes of a catalytic reactor, and passing the second fluid adjacent the catalytic tubes in a chamber of a catalytic reactor. A varying tube cross section to modify the flow of one of the fluids is provided for at least a portion of the tube. The flow of the first fluid leaving the catalytic tubes is mixed with the second fluid and combusted.

Abstract: A honeycomb structural body includes a honeycomb unit having a plurality of through holes defined by partition walls and arranged in a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb unit and having macro-pores having an average pore diameter approximately 0.1 ?m or more and approximately 0.3 ?m or less. The macro-pores have a porosity approximately 30% or more and approximately 40% or less. The honeycomb unit includes a phosphate group zeolite and an inorganic binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of monoliths as particle filters for limiting the deactivation of catalysts during catalytic reactions in multi-tubular reactors. The invention is particularly well-suited for catalytic oxidation reactions in the gaseous phase. The invention also relates to multi-tubular reactors including monoliths as particle filters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for encapsulating inorganic micro- or nanostructures within polymeric microgels are described. In various embodiments, viruses are encapsulated with microgels during microgel formation. The viruses can provide a template for in situ synthesis of the inorganic structures within the microgel. The inorganic structures can be distributed substantially homogeneously throughout the microgel, or can be distributed non-uniformly within the microgel. The inventive microgel compositions can be used for a variety of applications including electronic devices, biotechnological devices, fuel cells, display devices and optical devices.

Abstract: A honeycomb structural body includes a honeycomb unit having a plurality of through holes defined by cell walls and arranged in a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb unit. The honeycomb unit includes an inorganic binder, a first zeolite, and second zeolite. The first zeolite includes at least one of a ? type zeolite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite, and primary particles having an average particle diameter of approximately 0.01 ?m or more and approximately 0.1 ?m or less. The second zeolite includes a phosphate group zeolite and primary particles having an average particle diameter of approximately 0.5 ?m or more and approximately 5 ?m or less. A ratio between a mass of the first zeolite and a total mass of the first and second zeolites is approximately 0.1 or more and approximately 0.5 or less.

Abstract: Provided are selective catalytic reduction catalytic articles, emission treatment systems and methods for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalytic articles have a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst uniformly coated over the outlet portion of wall flow filter walls resulting in reduction of NO2 and combustion of the soot without substantially increasing the system backpressure.

Abstract: A fuel reformer which can easily achieve high weight energy density and high volume energy density, and a method for producing the fuel reformer with ease and high efficiency as well as an electrode for electrochemical device, such as a fuel cell, and an electrochemical device are provided. The present invention is to feed hydrogen obtained from a fuel reformer having a catalyst layer containing Pt for taking out hydrogen from a liquid fuel, such as methanol, and a hydrogen permeable layer, such as a Pd thin film, which is impermeable to liquid and permeable to hydrogen to an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell, which comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a proton conductive film sandwiched therebetween. The present invention provides a method of producing the hydrogen permeable layer in the reformer by forming the hydrogen permeable layer and the catalyst layer on a base layer comprising Al or the like, and removing the base layer by dissolution.

Abstract: A method for formaldehyde production through catalytic oxidation of methanol, comprising the steps of feeding to a first oxidation catalytic bed (2) a gas flow comprising methanol and oxygen at a predetermined crossing linear flow rate, obtaining at the outlet of said first catalytic bed (2) a flow of gaseous reaction products comprising unreacted methanol, and feeding the flow of gaseous products to a second oxidation catalytic bed (6) is distinguished by the fact that the flow of gaseous reaction products comprising unreacted methanol is fed to the second catalytic bed (6) with a crossing linear flow rate substantially equal to said predetermined first catalytic bed (2) feeding flow rate.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for recovering product from catalytically converted product streams. Gaseous unstabilized naphtha from an overhead receiver from a main fractionation column is compressed in a compressor. Liquid unstabilized naphtha from the overhead receiver and liquid naphtha fraction from the compressor are sent to a naphtha splitter column upstream of a primary absorber. Consequently, less naphtha is circulated in the gas recovery system.

Abstract: The inventive stage system for producing hydrogen consists of at least two upstream/downstream stages, respectively, each of which comprises, optionally, a catalytic reactor (C1 to C5) followed by a separator comprising a space (E1 to E4) for circulation of a gaseous mixture contacting at least one oxygen extracting membrane and a hydrogen collecting space, wherein the reactor (C1) of the upstream stage is connected to a reaction gaseous mixture source, the circulation stage (E1) of the upstream stage separator is connected to the reactor (C2) of the downstream stage and the spaces for extracting/collecting oxygen from two separators are connected to a hydrogen collecting circuit (TC, 8) which is common for two stages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the industrial preparation of a diamine starting from a corresponding alkenyl nitrile comprising at least one C—C double bond, which comprises the steps (a) reaction of the alkenyl nitrile with a corresponding monoamine in a first reactor so that the monoamine adds exothermically onto the at least one double bond to form an aminoalkyl nitrile, with the monoamine and water being charged initially and the alkenyl nitrile being fed in; (b) evaporation of unreacted alkenyl nitrile and monoamine to increase the concentration of the aminoalkyl nitrile product in the bottoms of the first reactor; (c) transfer of the aminoalkyl nitrile bottom product from step (b) to a second reactor; (d) batchwise catalytic hydrogenation of the aminoalkyl nitrile transferred in step (c) to the diamine in the second reactor, with each batch being obtained by initially charging a catalyst suitable for the hydrogenation of nitriles to amines and also water, the desired diamine and a bas

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for externally holding a catalyst bed in a radial flow catalytic reactor, comprising a plurality of hollow longitudinal duct elements (2) regularly distributed in a peripheral ring around a central space (3) containing the catalyst bed and having a front filtering wall (5) facing the catalyst for the radial intake of a fluid to be treated in the catalyst bed (3). Each of the duct elements (2) is laterally defined by two lateral walls (6) radially oriented in the reactor (1) and comprising an assembling means for assembly with the respectively adjacent elements (2?) of the male member in female member (7, 8) type.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and methods of generating hydrogen via the dehydrocoupling of amine boranes using ligand-stabilized homogenous metal catalysts. The amine-borane is shown by the formula (I), R1R2N—BHR3R4. A process is also shown for the preparation of a linear, branched or cyclic polymer which comprises a repeating unit of the formula (II), —[R1R2N—BR3R4]-n, by reacting HR1R2N—BHR3R4 in the presence of at least one ligand-stabilized metal catalyst.

Abstract: A system and/or process for decreasing the level of at least one organic fluoride present in a hydrocarbon phase contained in an alkylation settler by contacting the hydrocarbon phase with an HF containing stream, containing greater than about 80 wt. % and less than about 94 wt. % HF, in the intermediate portion of the settler which contains at least one tray system, with each tray system comprising a perforated tray defining a plurality of perforations and a layer of packing below the perforated tray, are disclosed.

Abstract: A reformer for a fuel cell system includes at least one reaction substrate having a channel for allowing fuel to flow on a surface thereof; and a close contact assembly closely contacted with a surface of the reaction substrate to form a passage by the channel, wherein the reaction substrate includes aluminum.

Abstract: The invention concerns an inner tray, arranged inside a chamber, comprising a plurality of parallel beams (1), located in a common horizontal plane and fixed through their ends to the wall of the chamber, and, between said beams and supported thereby, rows of adjacent rectangular plates (2), completely covering the space between the beams. The invention is characterized in that the supporting edges (3) of the plates (2) through which the latter are supported on the beams (1), are folded downwards by two substantially right-angled folds, and in that each of the edges (4) of the plates (2), perpendicular to the beams (1) is folded so as to form a female part (4a) or a male part (4b) capable of being respectively nested in a male (4b) or female (4a) part formed by the folded edge of the adjacent plate. The invention also concerns a chamber containing such a tray.

Abstract: Integrated Combustion Reactors (ICRs) and methods of making ICRs are described in which combustion chambers (or channels) are in direct thermal contact to reaction chambers for an endothermic reaction. Particular reactor designs are also described. Processes of conducting reactions in integrated combustion reactors are described and results presented. Some of these processes are characterized by unexpected and superior results, and/or results that can not be achieved with any prior art devices.

Abstract: A controller for a reformer that: changes the supply quantity of at least either one of combustible gas and combustion oxidizing gas supplied to a combustion section; detects a change which is caused in the combustion state of the combustion section as a result of a change of the supply quantity; and checks the combustion state which arose at the combustion section before the change based on the previously detected detection result. Thus, a gone-out state of the combustion section can be reliably judged with a low cost device, and the combustion state of the combustion section in the reformer of a fuel cell system can be adjusted to an optimum combustion state.

Abstract: A reformer burner that includes a fuel supply tube through which a fuel is supplied and a fuel supply chamber that surrounds the fuel supply tube and has a plurality of atomizing holes to atomize a fuel into a combustion chamber of a reformer.

Abstract: A filter for removing particles from a gas stream, in particular soot particulate from an exhaust-gas stream of an internal combustion engine, including a filter body composed of a ceramic filter substrate, the filter substrate being coated with a porous protective layer of a coating material. The coating material contains an admixture of 1 to 20% by weight of at least one compound of an element of the second main group, which may be of an oxide of an element of the second main group, and cracks contained in the ceramic filter substrate are partially filled with the coating material. In addition, a method for manufacturing a filter, where the coating material for the porous protective layer is applied to the sintered, ceramic filter substrate, at least one compound of an element of the second main group is added, optionally other substances contained in the protective layer are added, and the porous protective layer is fixed.

Abstract: A method of hydrotreating liquefied biomass feedstock with diesel feedstock to produce alkanes is demonstrated that prevents damage to the reactor catalyst, reduces coke production, and converts nearly all of the polyols to alkanes. In order to mitigate the potential coking issue and to moderate the temperature of the catalyst bed while maintaining high conversion for sugar alcohol to hydrocarbon via a hydrotreating process, a diesel feedstock is fed over the reactor catalyst with multiple injections of polyol feedstock along the reactor.

Abstract: A CO2 capture system 200 including a system for removing NO2 from a first gas stream 210 before CO2 capture is disclosed. The CO2 capture system 200 includes a protection bed 220 and a CO2 absorber 260. The protection bed 220 may absorb the NO2 or convert the NO2 to either NO or N2.

Abstract: Catalytic structures include a catalytic material disposed within a zeolite material. The catalytic material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the zeolite material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of hydrocarbon molecules from methanol. The catalytic material may include copper and zinc oxide. The zeolite material may include a first plurality of pores substantially defined by a crystal structure of the zeolite material and a second plurality of pores dispersed throughout the zeolite material. Systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules also include catalytic structures. Methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules include contacting hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with such catalytic structures.

Abstract: Improved methods and related apparatus are disclosed for efficiently recovering the heat of condensation from overhead vapor produced during separation of various components of dehydrogenation reaction effluent, particularly in ethylbenzene-to-styrene operations, by the use of at least a compressor to facilitate azeotropic vaporization of an ethylbenzene and water mixture within a preferred range of pressure/temperature conditions so as to minimize undesired polymerization reactions.

Abstract: The present invention describes a reactor (1) for continuously preparing hydrogen sulfide H2S from hydrogen and sulfur, comprising a distributor device (15) for distributing gaseous hydrogen in a sulfur melt (9) present at least in a lower part of the reactor. The distributor device (15) is arranged in the sulfur melt (9) and comprises a distributor plate (16) which is arranged in the reactor (1) and has an edge (17) extending downward and, if appropriate, has passage orifices (19). The hydrogen from a hydrogen bubble which forms below the distributor plate (16) is (for example through the passage orifices (19)) distributed in the sulfur melt (9) via the distributor plate (16).

Abstract: A high solvency dispersive power (HSDP) crude oil is added to a blend of incompatible and/or near-incompatible oils to proactively address the potential for fouling heat exchange equipment. The HSDP component dissolves asphaltene precipitates and maintains suspension of inorganic particulates before coking affects heat exchange surfaces. HSDP co-blending for fouling mitigation and on-line cleaning can be affected using different concentrations of top-performing and moderate-performing HSDP crude oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogen supply device which supplies hydrogen by selectively permitting permeation of hydrogen contained in a hydrogen containing gas (G1). This device includes: a first metal layer (2) which dissociates hydrogen molecules into hydrogen ions by a catalytic reaction and has hydrogen permeability; a second metal layer (3) which creates hydrogen molecules by bonding hydrogen ions to each other using electrons and has hydrogen permeability; a hydrogen permeation layer (1) which is interposed between the first metal layer (2) and the second metal layer (3) and permits permeation of the hydrogen ions from the first metal layer (2) to the second metal layer (3) by the application of a voltage; and a voltage application (7) for applying the voltage to the hydrogen permeation layer (1) by setting the first metal layer (2) as an anode and setting the second metal layer (3) as a cathode.

Abstract: A method for producing excess enthalpy by impregnating metallic precursors on an oxide support that reduces sintering and particle growth; drying the impregnated support at a temperature where the particle growth is minimal; reducing the metallic precursors at a second temperature where the particle growth results in supported metallic particles 2 nm or less in size; and pressurizing the supported metallic particles in the presence of deuterium. The metal particles may comprise palladium, platinum, mixtures thereof, or mixtures of palladium and/or platinum with other elements. Also disclosed is a method for measuring excess enthalpy by placing a test material in a pressure vessel; heating the pressure vessel; evacuating the pressure vessel; introducing deuterium, hydrogen, or both into the pressure vessel; measuring the enthalpy generated during pressurization; again evacuating the pressure vessel; and measuring the enthalpy used during depressurization.

Abstract: Fluidics-induced localized deposition and assembly of materials using a superhydrophobic surface structure is described. A method of localized deposition of a material includes contacting a superhydrophobic substrate comprising raised surface structures with a non-wetting fluid comprising a material to be locally deposited or a precursor thereto, said surface and said fluid selected such that the fluid wets only an upper portion of the raised surface structure; and allowing the material to deposit at the tips of the surface structure.

Abstract: An after-treatment system architecture and method for oxidizing the nitric oxide component of a gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for generating hydrogen for an on-board device comprising a system for regenerating the material consumed by the generation of hydrogen.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention may include a product comprising a catalyst combination comprising a perovskite catalyst and a second catalyst that is not a perovskite catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes a thin layer fixed bed reactor intended for chemical treatments, in particular reduction of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. The reactor is designed in the form of similar, compact modules and operates with a ratio of linear pressure drop to outlet pressure which falls within certain limits.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter includes cell walls and cells. The cell walls extend along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb filter to define the cells between the cell walls. The cells have first cells and second cells each having a substantially square shape in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The first cells are sealed and the second cells are open at one end face of the honeycomb filter. The substantially square shape of the first cells includes a first side whose extended line intersects a second side except for corner portions of the substantially square shape of the second cells. The second side and the extended line of the first side are substantially perpendicular.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator that includes a solid fuel mixture, a liquid reactant, a liquid delivery medium (LDM), a movable boundary interface (MBI), a reaction zone, wherein the MBI provides constant contact between a reacting surface of the solid fuel mixture and the liquid reactant delivered by the LDM to form the reaction zone, and a product separation media, fluidly coupled to the reaction zone by a fluid junction, that degasses a product. The hydrogen generator may further include auxiliary LDMs disposed throughout the hydrogen generator, wherein said auxiliary LDMs may be operated based on a ratio of the liquid reactant flow rate to the hydrogen generation rate.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to catalytic distillation column internals providing improved liquid reaction mixture and catalyst contacting for simultaneous catalytic reaction and separation of the reaction mixture. The invention is an improved catalytic distillation apparatus providing optimum balance of catalytic reaction and mass transfer steps, wherein distribution, mixing and feeding of liquid reaction mixture to the reaction zone and distillation section are better controlled and more uniformly applied. At least one catalyst bed is situated in at least one receiving pan of a distillation tray so that the tray performs the functions of both of the reaction section and the distillation section of the catalytic distillation column simultaneously within a stage.

Abstract: For manufacturing micro-structured reactors with passageways loaded with catalyst using the pre-coat method, a method is provided which comprises the following method steps: a) producing reactor layers having bonding areas as well as passageway areas in which the passageways are formed, b) applying at least one bonding layer onto the reactor layers in the bonding areas, c) loading the reactor layers in the passageway areas with the catalyst and d) bonding the reactor layers, the bonding layer being applied and masked before the reactor layers are loaded with the catalyst. As a result, it is ensured that the efficiency of the catalyst will not be affected during manufacturing. The reactor may be used as a methane and methanol reformer in particular.

Abstract: There is provided a hydrogen generator that prevents supply of droplets to a reforming catalyst layer and that exhibits stable performance. The hydrogen generator includes a water evaporation unit 7 to which a raw gas and water is supplied; a reforming catalyst layer 9 to which a gas mixture is supplied from the water evaporation unit 7; a burner 4 configured to mix and combust a fuel gas with air; a combustion exhaust gas flow channel 16 which is provided on an inner side of the water evaporation unit 7 and through which the combustion exhaust gas flows; and a conversion catalyst layer 10 which is disposed on an outer side of the water evaporation unit 7 and to which a reformed gas is supplied.

Abstract: A milled plate is presented that is provided for use in a radial flow reactor. The milled plate has narrow slots milled in the plate on the solid particle side and slots of slightly greater width milled on the fluid side of the plate. The plates provide strength to support the pressure from solid particles that currently is not present in wire screen meshes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reformer for reacting fuel and oxidant into reformate, comprising a reforming zone (12) which can receive a supply of fuel, and from an upstream oxidation zone, a mixture of oxidant and at least partially oxidized fuel for catalytic reaction into the reformate. To boost the reforming efficiency it is proposed that the reforming zone (12) now comprises a first (32) and second (48) catalytic reaction zone in the streaming direction of the gas flow, each arranged separately from the other and interposed by a non-catalytic active homogenization zone (44) for homogenizing gas components emerging from the first reaction zone (32). The configuration in accordance with the invention now achieves that after first partial reforming the gas is homogenized to achieve a more efficient second partial reforming.

Abstract: Included are a nano-carbon material production unit for producing a nano-carbon material using a fluidized catalyst formed by granulating a carrier supporting an active component, an acid treatment unit for dissolving and separating a catalyst by an acid solution by feeding a catalyst-containing nano-carbon material into the acid solution, and a pH adjustment unit, which is an anti-agglomeration treatment unit, provided on a downstream side of the acid treatment unit, for performing an anti-agglomeration treatment to prevent agglomeration among nano-carbons due to repulsion caused by dissociation among oxygen-containing functional groups added to the nano-carbon material.