Abstract: A two stage-carbon monoxide preferential oxidation article and method that uses a single injection of an O2-containing gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

Abstract: A system including, a filter having an exterior surface, wherein the exterior surface contains a three-dimensional surface morphology.

Abstract: A radial flow reactor vessel is disclosed for use in gas purification, separation or reaction processes and most suitably used in prepurification processes. The reactor has internal baskets for confining a bed of active material. The baskets are rigidly supported at both the top and bottom ends of the reactor and have walls that are axially flexible and radially rigid. The vessel has multiple movable support columns designed to facilitate pre-stressing of the baskets to offset axial compressive loads induced from thermal cycling.

Abstract: Catalyst regeneration vessels including a chlorination zone that includes an outer mixing chamber, an inner mixing chamber, and a catalyst bed. The outer mixing chamber can include a lower portion and an upper portion, the lower portion of the outer mixing chamber including at least one air nozzle that injects a drying air stream into the outer mixing chamber, at least one chlorine input nozzle that injects a chlorine input stream into the outer mixing chamber, and at least a first baffle. The chlorination zone can also contain a second baffle that directs the mixed drying air stream and chlorine input stream from the outer mixing chamber to the inner mixing chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for microfluidic processing by programmably manipulating a packet. A material is introduced onto a reaction surface and compartmentalized to form a packet. A position of the packet is sensed with a position sensor. A programmable manipulation force is applied to the packet at the position. The programmable manipulation force is adjustable according to packet position by a controller. The packet is programmably moved according to the programmable manipulation force along arbitrarily chosen paths.

Abstract: A non-woven fabric for reacting with a liquid to produce a gas is provided. The non-woven fabric includes at least one non-woven fabric fiber, a plurality of hot melt particles, and a plurality of solid particles. The non-woven fabric fiber has a first melting point. The hot melt particles are bonded with the non-woven fabric fiber and have a second melting point, in which the first melting point is higher than the second melting point. At least a part of the solid particles are bonded with the hot melt particles. Moreover, a method for fabricating the non-woven fabric and a gas generation apparatus using the non-woven fabric are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for contacting a fluid stream with particulate solids are provided. The apparatus comprises a vessel having an upper portion and a lower portion and an inlet for receiving particulate solids and an outlet for discharging the particulate solids. An inner cone is coaxially positioned within an inverted truncated outer cone forming an annulus in the lower portion of the vessel. A truncated conical baffle is disposed within the lower portion of the vessel and at least partially above the inverted truncated outer cone and the inner cone. The truncated conical baffle has a downwardly and inwardly sloping wall with a lower portion thereof overlapping interiorly an upper portion of the inverted truncated outer cone. A plurality of guide tents are spaced apart in the annulus, each guide tent having sloped guide surfaces oriented to guide the flow of particulate solids into the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of performing a reaction involving a gaseous reactant stream and a falling film liquid reactant stream by providing a reactor comprising a first multicellular extruded body oriented with its cells extending in parallel in a vertically downward direction from a first end of the body to a second end, the body having a first plurality of cells open at both ends of the body and a second plurality of said cells closed at one or both ends of the body, the second plurality of cells being arranged in one or more groups of contiguous cells and cooperating to define at least in part at least one fluidic passage extending through the body; and further flowing a liquid reactant film down inner surfaces of the first plurality of cells while flowing a gaseous reactant stream up or down the centers of the first plurality of cells while flowing a first heat exchange fluid through the at least one fluidic passage. Various alternative devices for performing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for purifying polluted air having particle phase pollutants and gaseous phase pollutants is provided. The method comprising: separately purifying and treating particle phase and gaseous phase pollutants present in the air; providing a dust cleaning apparatus, a catalytic filter core and a valve for controlling an airflow path within an air purification apparatus; controlling the airflow path for the air to bypass the catalytic filter core in a way that: if the amount of particle phase pollutants is above a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the open position to enable the air to bypass the catalyst filtering core; if the amount of particle phase pollutants is less than a predetermined value, the valve is moved to the closed position to force the air to pass through the catalyst filtering core.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor for reacting fluids such as fluids in continuous flow, the reactor including a multicellular extruded body having cells extending in parallel in a direction from a first end of the body to a second end, the body having a first plurality of cells open at both ends of the body and a second plurality of said cells closed at one or both ends of the body, the second plurality being contiguous cells and cooperating to define at least in part a fluidic passage extending at least partly through the body. The fluidic passage desirably has a serpentine path back and forth along cells of the second plurality of cells, and the passage connects laterally from cell to cell, within cells of the second plurality, at or near the ends of the body.

Abstract: Methods and systems for enhancing rates of carbonation of peridotite both in situ and ex situ are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and systems include the following: fracturing a volume of peridotite; heating the volume of peridotite; injecting an adjustable flow of carbon dioxide into the volume of peridotite; injecting bicarbonate materials into the volume of peridotite; and forming carbonate with the volume of peridotite and the carbon dioxide in an exothermic reaction thereby generating a self-sustaining heat source, the heat source heating the volume of peridotite.

Abstract: A catalyst structure 1 used for hydrogenation reaction or dehydrogenation reaction is characterized by the inclusion of a first coiled catalytic wire body 4 formed by coiling a catalytic wire in which a catalytic material is supported on the surface of a metallic core material, and a second catalytic member 5 disposed on the inner surface side and/or outer surface side of the coiled catalytic wire body 4.

Abstract: An improved method for producing an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous film or tape supporting catalyst particles. The method for producing an expanded PTFE porous film or tape supporting catalyst particles according to the invention comprises a step of preparing tape-like porous PTFE, a step of impregnating the tape-like porous PTFE with a solution or dispersion of catalyst particles, a step of substantially removing the solvent or dispersing medium, and a step of further stretching the tape-like porous PTFE containing the catalyst particles in the machine direction (MD) and/or the transverse direction (TD).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of conducting chemical reactions in a reaction channel that has an varying cross-sectional area such that a chemical reactant or reactants experience varying local contact time as the reactant(s) flow through the channel. The invention also provides reactors having reaction channels with varying cross-sectional areas. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reaction channel section has a trapezoidal shape that becomes broader from the inlet toward the outlet.

Abstract: The invention describes microchannel apparatus and catalysts that contain a layer of a metal aluminide or are made in a process in which a metal aluminide layer is formed as an intermediate. Certain processing conditions have surprisingly been found to result in superior coatings. The invention includes chemical processes conducted through apparatus described in the specification. Other catalysts and catalyst synthesis techniques are also described.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: A novel catalytic reactor suitable for use in chemical and petrochemical processes. The reactor is of a pillow panel that has superior heat transfer properties. This invention also relates to a chemical process, such as a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process performed with use of the novel pillow panel reactor.

Abstract: A loop seal for a fluidized bed reactor comprising a vertical downcomer segment connected to a dipleg for receiving solids particles from the dipleg, a horizontal segment downstream of the downcomer, a riser segment downstream of the horizontal segment, and a downwardly inclined segment downstream of the riser, whereby the solids are entrained to the fluidized bed reactor. An eductor is added to the angled leg to induce the underflow gas from the cyclone; one of the preferred motive fluids to the eductor is the fines from fuel preparation and the carrying gas for the fines. Also provided are a fluidized bed reactor comprising the loop seal, and a method for producing syngas from coal and steam using the same.

Abstract: A solid reactant sheet, a solid reactant stack, and a fuel cartridge are provided. The solid reactant sheet comprises an adhesive film and a plurality of solid reaction particles. The adhesive film has a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a plurality of through holes connected between the first surface and the second surface. The plurality of solid reaction particles are adhered to the first surface, and the solid reaction particles react with a reactant for generating a gas. Furthermore, a solid reactant stack and a fuel cartridge are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a chemical reaction is provided. This method includes providing at least two helical tubes, wherein the helical tubes comprise: a first axis and a second axis; wherein the first axis and the second axis are normal to each other; a cross-sectional shape of a predetermined contour; and an inlet end and an outlet end. The method includes reforming a first gas stream and a second gas stream into a third gas stream in the presence of a catalyst. The method includes surrounding a heat source with the helical tubes are, and operating the tube with an average catalyst temperature of above 500 F. An apparatus for producing a chemical reaction is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of: i) contacting a compound (C) comprising one or more groups Si—H with an amine based catalyst in a solvent selected from an alcohol or an aqueous solution, thereby forming hydrogen and a by-product (C1); wherein said amine based catalyst is as defined in claim 1; ii) recovering the obtained hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor or sparging vessel suitable for use for reaction mixtures containing vapor and/or gas bubbles. It comprises a mechanical agitation means suitable to redistribute flow radially and at least one perforated plate suitable to provide resistance to axial flow. In desirable embodiments it may include at least one electrically or hydraulically-stimulated rotatable shaft upon which at least one blade impeller is mounted, and at least one perforated plate oriented such that it provides resistance to axial flow. The perforated plate may have channels therethrough whose cross-sectional dimension is smaller than the projected average diameter of the vapor and/or gas bubbles. The reactor or sparging vessel offers improved flow dynamics, including reduced back mixing and narrowed residence time distribution. A method of employing the reactor for a reaction mixture containing vapor and/or gas bubbles is also disclosed. An impeller blade having two curvatures is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and process for continuous production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from the fatty acid triglycerides of waste oil via transesterification in the presence of a reusable sugar-based catalyst. The system and process incorporates re-cycling and re-use of waste by-product streams to result in a near-zero emissions, with a 97% product yield mix consisting of almost pure biodiesel and a very small percentage of impurities including glycerol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for the catalytic hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins to fluorocarbons where the reaction is carried out in a multi-tube shell and tube reactor. Reactions involving hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins are typically exothermic. In commercial processes where a fluoro-olefin CnH2n-xFx to CnH2n-x2Fx is hydrogenated (e.g., hexafluoropropylene to 236ea, 1225ye to 245eb, and the like), inadequate management or control of heat removal may induce excess hydrogenation, decomposition and hot spots resulting in reduced yields and potential safety issues. In the hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins, it is therefore necessary to control the reaction temperature as precisely as practical to overcome challenges associated with heat management and safety.

Abstract: A porous ceramic honeycomb article comprising a honeycomb body formed from cordierite ceramic, wherein the honeycomb body has a porosity P %?55% and a cell channel density CD ?150 cpsi. The porous channel walls have a wall thickness T, wherein (11+(300?CD)*0.03)?T?(8+(300?CD)*0.02), a median pore size ?20 microns, and a pore size distribution with a d-factor of ?0.35. The honeycomb body has a specific pore volume of VP?0.22. The porous ceramic honeycomb article exhibits a coated pressure drop increase of ?8 kPa at a flow rate of 26.5 cubic feet per minute when coated with 100 g/L of a washcoat catalyst and loaded with 5 g/L of soot.

Abstract: A microreactor may include a reaction channel having at least one curved microchannel, the at least one curved microchannel having an outer and inner curved surfaces and being configured to generate a centrifugal force, an inlet configured to supply at least one reactant into the reaction channel, and an outlet bifurcated into a first sub-outlet in communication with the inner curved surface of the at least one curved microchannel and a second sub-outlet in communication with the outer curved surface of the at least one curved microchannel.

Abstract: A conversion-to-oil apparatus capable of efficiently treating plastic, includes a melting unit for heating and melting plastic fed thereto and a decomposing unit for further heating and vaporization-decomposing the molten plastic melted by the melting unit, wherein the decomposing unit is inclined upwardly, having a lead screw mounted therein, and is provided at its upper end portion with a catalyst cylinder extending upwardly and a residue takeout unit extending downwardly, and the decomposing unit has a prevention element for preventing molten plastic gas from flowing down to the residue takeout unit.

Abstract: Catalyzed soot filters comprising a wall flow monolith having porous walls, a first washcoat permeating the porous walls and a second washcoat on the porous walls are disclosed. Methods of manufacturing catalyzed soot filters and diesel engine exhaust emission treatment systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Diesel oxidation catalysts, catalytic articles, methods of making catalytic articles, emissions treatment systems and methods of treating an exhaust gas stream using the catalytic articles for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions, such as the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are described. Specific catalytic articles comprising a substrate with a first washcoat layer comprising greater than or equal to about 2% by weight palladium dispersed on a cerin support and a second washcoat layer comprising a platinum group metal and a refractory metal oxide are described.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for loading particulate material in a vertical tube comprising at least one impact-absorbing module, a central axis and a sustaining wire to position the apparatus suspended in the interior of the tube in such a way as to allow loading and uniform distribution of all the material loaded in the tube and the method of loading that uses the apparatus is also described.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustor having a catalyst bed. The method includes the steps of directing a flow of air through a catalyst bed, providing heat to the catalyst bed, sensing the temperature in an upstream portion of the catalyst bed to provide an upstream temperature, directing a flow of a fuel through the catalyst bed when the upstream temperature reaches a light-off temperature to produce a combustion reaction, increasing the flow of the fuel until the flow of air and the flow of fuel have a selected air to fuel ratio, and controlling the combustion reaction within the catalyst bed by adjusting the flow of air and the flow of fuel while maintaining the selected air to fuel ratio. The method can include sensing temperatures within the catalyst bed and controlling the combustion reaction in response to the sensed temperatures. The heat provided to the catalyst bed can also be adjusted in response to the sensed temperatures.

Abstract: Improved processing of an oxygenate-containing feedstock for increased production or yield of light olefins is provided. Such processing involves oxygenate conversion to olefins and subsequent cracking of heavier olefins wherein at least a portion of the C4+ hydrocarbon stream resulting from such oxygenate conversion processing and at least a portion of a cracked olefins effluent stream resulting from such olefin cracking processing are processed with a dividing wall fractionation column to form process streams containing: a) C3?hydrocarbons, b) C6+ hydrocarbons, and c) C4 and C5 hydrocarbons, including C4 and C5 olefins, respectively.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an apparatus, which comprises (1) a first cylindrical, porous, catalytic rotor symmetrically positioned about an axis of rotation and surrounding a first interior space; wherein the first porous catalytic rotor comprises a first catalyst; (2) an outer casing, wherein the outer casing and the rotor are separated by an annular space; (3) a motor configured for rotating the rotor about the axis of rotation; (4) a feed inlet line; and (5) a first outlet line, wherein the first outlet line is fluidly connected with the annular space. Herein disclosed is also a method comprising: (1) passing a feed gas comprising at least one gaseous reactant through a porous, catalytic rotor, wherein the porous, catalytic rotor is permeable to the at least one gaseous reactant and is made from or contains a catalyst effective for catalyzing a first reaction; and (2) extracting a first desired product.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method of producing acetic acid includes condensing overhead vapor to provide reflux to the light ends column as well as condensing vapor from a central portion of the light ends column to increase capacity. Throughput or load on the light ends column is substantially reduced without compromising product quality.

Abstract: Catalytic system comprising at least two components: a catalyst for the hydrolysis reaction of metal borohydrides to hydrogen; and a material in solid form, the dissolution reaction of which in water is exothermic.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising methane are provided. The process comprises the step of contacting the gas stream with a two-component catalyst system comprising an apatite component and a perovskite component at reaction conditions effective to convert the methane to the syngas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides wherein a reaction zone has a variable volume based on the position of a piston, and the piston is adjusted to control the amount of headspace above solid support in the reaction zone. Methods and apparatus that limit the size or existence of the headspace are described.

Abstract: This invention provides a dynamic hydrogen-storage apparatus and the method thereof, which includes the following steps: (a) filling a container with a porous hydrogen-storage material which is loaded or doped with a catalyst; (b) setting an operational pressure and a pressure drop for the operation of storing hydrogen; (c) providing the hydrogen-storage material with a hydrogen so as to increase the pressure of the hydrogen to the operational pressure; (d) decreasing the pressure of the hydrogen by the pressure drop; and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) for a predetermined amount of times.

Abstract: Reactor for producing silicon by chemical vapor deposition, the reactor comprising a reactor body that forms a container, at least one inlet for a silicon-bearing gas, at least one outlet, and at least one heating device as a part of or operatively arranged to the reactor, distinctive in that at least one main part of the reactor, which part is exposed for silicon-bearing gas and which part is heated for deposition of silicon on said part, is produced from silicon. Method for operation of the reactor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for contacting feed with mixed catalyst in a secondary reactor that is incorporated into an FCC reactor. The mixed catalyst used in the secondary reactor is regenerated catalyst from a regenerator that regenerates spent catalyst from an FCC reactor that is mixed with spent catalyst from either the FCC reactor or the secondary reactor. The mixing of spent and regenerated catalyst reduces the catalyst temperature and tempers catalyst activity to inhibit both thermal and catalytic cracking reactions.

Abstract: A configuration contains a first honeycomb body, which is formed by at least one convoluted or wound stack and has a plurality of channels allowing a flow, wherein a first end of the stack is connected to an electric connection and a second end is connected to an electric ground. The stack contains a plurality of sheet metal foils in electric contact with each other, the foils being structured at least in some regions. At the same time, the honeycomb body has support pins for connecting to a second honeycomb body, the pins have a distance of at least 25 mm from each other along the course of the stack at least outside an inner region. A method introduces support pins into the honeycomb body and a device receives a honeycomb body and/or for positioning support pins. The device enables the installation of the support pins in the honeycomb body.

Abstract: Provided is a device for generation of cyclopropene compounds which is capable of achieving direct in situ preparation and application of cyclopropene compounds inhibiting the action of ethylene which accelerates the ripening process of plants, the device comprising a first storage part for storing precursors of cyclopropene compounds (“cyclopropene precursors”), a second storage part for storing reaction reagents which convert cyclopropene precursors into cyclopropene derivatives via chemical reaction, and a spray part for spraying the cyclopropene derivatives produced by the chemical reaction between the cyclopropene precursors and the reaction reagents.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mixed catalyst comprising catalyst A and catalyst B mixed in a volume ratio ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:10, heavy crude oil ebullated-bed hydrotreating systems comprising at least one ebullated-bed reactor comprising the mixed catalyst, and heavy crude oil ebullated-bed hydrotreating processes comprising: introducing heavy crude oil and hydrogen into at least one ebullated-bed reactor, reacting the heavy crude oil and the hydrogen with the mixed catalyst in the at least one ebullated-bed reactor to produce reaction products; and discharging the reaction products from the top of the at least one ebullated-bed reactor.

Abstract: A mass-exchange contact device is proposed, comprising an upper tray, contact element including a barbotage unit configured as an inner cap with strips tangently bent out, a lower tray, a casing including a ring-shaped descending limiter, windows circumferentially disposed on the casing's walls (lower row), orifices circumferentially disposed on the casing's walls (upper row) above the windows, a double-acting valve composed of an upper and lower plates fixedly attached to a distance rod, and a cover bushing disposed coaxially to and around the upper region of casing embracing the contact element. Embodiments comprise a number of rows of the proposed devices situated one above the other, and separated by multi-layer packing fittings. In catalytic distillation columns, the fittings can be filled with catalytic material. Alternatively, the fitting is substituted with a grating that supports a catalytic granular layer. The device allows improving operation, reliability, durability, reducing its weight and costs.

Abstract: A unit for use within a furnace which is absent a controlled atmosphere, for carrying out a synthesizing process for synthesizing precursors to form a synthesized product at elevated temperatures. The unit consists of a vessel, having at least one opening, for containing materials of the synthesizing process, and a solid reductive material. The materials of the synthesizing process are separated from the atmosphere of the furnace by either the vessel or the reductive material. The unit is especially suited for synthesizing LiFePO4 from Fe2O3, Li2CO3, carbon black, and phosphoric acid precursors.

Abstract: A microstructure for chemical processing and manufacture is disclosed. The microstructure includes a plurality of microchannel walls constructed of glass, ceramic, glass-ceramic or combinations of these materials, which define at least one microchannel for accommodating chemicals to be processed. At least one coating layer including a catalyst support and a catalyst is adhered to the plurality of microchannel walls. A method of manufacturing a microstructure for chemical processing and manufacture is also disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst for ozone oxidation of pollutant components dispersed in a gas is provided. The ozone oxidation catalyst has a porous body formed from a metal body, a ceramic, or polymeric fibers coated with metal. A catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the surface of the porous body. The catalytic noble metal composition is formed from particles of a noble metal supported by a mesoporous molecular sieve.

Abstract: Configurations herein include a novel process and apparatus for generating and maintaining sulfur trioxide gas. The generation system and process operate to provide sulfur trioxide calibration gas for calibrating sulfur trioxide detection devices. The system and process provides a known, concentration of sulfur trioxide gas via a heated catalyst, which enables accurate calibration of measurement equipment. The system functions in part by controlling temperature, amount of moisture, residence time, catalyst selection, diluting generated sulfur trioxide and by locating the sulfur trioxide generator at a point of injection of a sulfur trioxide detection system.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to generate hydrogen. The system includes a fuel cartridge, a cartridge interface, and a fuel cartridge receiver. The fuel cartridge includes a liquid permeable material with one or more cavities that encloses a solid anhydrous chemical hydride. The fuel cartridge also includes a housing that is heat and pressure resistant that houses the liquid permeable material, and a liquid. The fuel cartridge also includes one or more liquid sources that introduce the liquid into the housing such that the liquid contacts at least a portion of the liquid permeable material.