Abstract: The carbon nanofiber has a content of oxygen controlled in a range of 8% by mass to 20% by mass and excellent dispersibility in polar solvents by means of an oxidization treatment carried out on a raw material of the carbon nanofiber. The above-described oxidization treatment is preferably carried out at 100° C. or higher using an mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in which the nitric acid concentration is in a range of 10% by mass to 30% by mass. A carbon nanofiber dispersion liquid is obtained by dispersing the above-described carbon nanofiber in a polar solvent, and a carbon nanofiber composition contains the above-described dispersion liquid and a binder component.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of graphene is provided, which includes: (a) oxidizing a graphite material to form graphite oxide; (b) dispersing graphite oxide into water to form an aqueous suspension of graphite oxide; (c) adding a dispersing agent to the aqueous suspension of graphite oxide; and (d) adding an acidic reducing agent to the aqueous suspension of graphite oxide, wherein graphite oxide is reduced to graphene by the acidic reducing agent, and graphene is further bonded with the dispersing agent to form a graphene dispersion containing a surface-modified graphene. The present invention provides a method for the preparation of graphene using an acidic reducing agent. The obtained graphene can be homogeneously dispersed in water, an acidic solution, a basic solution, or an organic solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically functionalized submicron graphitic fibril having a diameter or thickness less than 1 ?m, wherein the fibril is free of continuous thermal carbon overcoat, free of continuous hollow core, and free of catalyst. The fibril is obtained by splitting a micron-scaled carbon fiber or graphite fiber along the fiber axis direction. These functionalized graphitic fibrils exhibit exceptionally high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, high strength and good interfacial bonding with a matrix resin in a composite. The present invention also provides several products that contain submicron graphitic fibrils: (a) paper, thin-film, mat, and web products; (b) rubber or tire products; (c) energy conversion or storage devices, such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors; (d) adhesives, inks, coatings, paints, lubricants, and grease products; (e) heavy metal ion scavenger; (f) absorbent (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are high structured carbon blacks, methods of synthesis and treatment, and dispersions and inkjet ink formulations prepared therefrom. The carbon black can have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and STSA ranging from 160 to 220 m2/g. The carbon black can also have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and a ratio of STSA/BET surface area ranging from 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: The current disclosure relates to an anode material with the general formula MySb-M?Ox—C, where M and M? are metals and M?Ox—C forms a matrix containing MySb. It also relates to an anode material with the general formula MySn-M?Cx—C, where M and M? are metals and M?Cx—C forms a matrix containing MySn. It further relates to an anode material with the general formula Mo3Sb7-C, where —C forms a matrix containing Mo3Sb7. The disclosure also relates to an anode material with the general formula MySb-M?Cx—C, where M and M? are metals and M?Cx—C forms a matrix containing MySb. Other embodiments of this disclosure relate to anodes or rechargeable batteries containing these materials as well as methods of making these materials using ball-milling techniques and furnace heating.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to graphene derivatives, as well as related devices including graphene derivatives and methods of using graphene derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrate salt-based process for preparing a graphite oxide. The invention nitrate salt-based process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, an inorganic nitrate salt, an amount of water, a first amount of chlorate salt, and a graphite.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control reaction rates of chemical reactions. Methods can include mixing chemical reactants to provide a reaction mixture, at least one chemical reactant being magnetic; and applying a magnetic field to the reaction mixture, the magnetic field being applied to effect a control of the rate of a chemical reaction between the reactants in the reaction mixture, the magnetic field being effective to change the reaction rate over a chemical reaction between the same reactants at the same pressure and temperature where the reaction mixture is not exposed to the magnetic field.

Abstract: A unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal containing closely packed and chemically bonded parallel graphene planes having an inter-graphene plane spacing of 0.335 to 0.40 nm and an oxygen content of 0.01% to 10% by weight, which unitary graphene layer or graphene single crystal is obtained from heat-treating a graphene oxide gel at a temperature higher than 100° C., wherein the average mis-orientation angle between two graphene planes is less than 10 degrees, more typically less than 5 degrees. The molecules in the graphene oxide gel, upon drying and heat-treating, are chemically interconnected and integrated into a unitary graphene entity containing no discrete graphite flake or graphene platelet. This graphene monolith exhibits a combination of exceptional thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, surface smoothness, surface hardness, and scratch resistance unmatched by any thin-film material of comparable thickness range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing graphene oxide with high yield, in which the yield is increased by controlling the amount and addition rate of each component.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an aluminum oxycarbide composition capable of suppressing oxidation of Al4O4C during use to maintain advantageous effects of Al4O4C for a long time. In an aluminum oxycarbide composition comprising Al4O4C crystals, the Al4O4C crystals have an average diameter of 20 ?m or more, based on an assumption that a cross-sectional area of each Al4O4C crystal during observation of the aluminum oxycarbide composition in an arbitrary cross-section thereof is converted into a diameter of a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area. This aluminum oxycarbide composition can be produced by subjecting a carbon-based raw material and an alumina-based raw material to melting in an arc furnace and then cooling within the arc furnace.

Abstract: Methods of ex situ synthesis of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, other graphene derivative structures and nanoparticles useful as polishing agents are disclosed. Compositions and methods for polishing, hardening, protecting, adding longevity to, and lubricating moving and stationary parts in devices and systems, including, but not limited to, engines, turbos, turbines, tracks, races, wheels, bearings, gear systems, armor, heat shields, and other physical and mechanical systems employing machined interacting hard surfaces through the use of nano-polishing agents formed in situ from lubricating compositions and, in some cases, ex situ and their various uses are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for producing macroscopic quantities of oxidized graphene nanoribbons are disclosed herein. The methods include providing a plurality of carbon nanotubes and reacting the plurality of carbon nanotubes with at least one oxidant to form oxidized graphene nanoribbons. The at least one oxidant is operable to longitudinally open the carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one acid. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one protective agent. Various embodiments of the present disclosure also include methods for producing reduced graphene nanoribbons by reacting oxidized graphene nanoribbons with at least one reducing agent. Oxidized graphene nanoribbons, reduced graphene nanoribbons and compositions and articles derived therefrom are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods for producing macroscopic quantities of oxidized graphene nanoribbons are disclosed herein. The methods include providing a plurality of carbon nanotubes and reacting the plurality of carbon nanotubes with at least one oxidant to form oxidized graphene nanoribbons. The at least one oxidant is operable to longitudinally open the carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one acid. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one protective agent. Various embodiments of the present disclosure also include methods for producing reduced graphene nanoribbons by reacting oxidized graphene nanoribbons with at least one reducing agent. Oxidized graphene nanoribbons, reduced graphene nanoribbons and compositions and articles derived therefrom are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrate salt-based process for preparing a graphite oxide. The invention nitrate salt-based process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, an inorganic nitrate salt, an amount of water, a first amount of chlorate salt, and a graphite.

Abstract: Nano-graphene oxide sheets or nano-graphene sheets having a maximum average lateral dimension of about 50 nm and methods of making nano-graphene oxide sheets and nano-graphene sheets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing graphene, including reacting graphite in an acid solution in which an oxidant is present so as to obtain a graphene. Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention reside in that, the graphene prepared by the method of the present invention has excellent quality and substantially increased yield and production rate, as compared with mechanical stripping, epitaxial growth, and chemical vapor deposition; and the graphene prepared by the method of the present invention has significantly improved quality, substantially reduced structural defects, and significantly increased conductivity, as compared with oxidation-reduction preparation in the solution-phase; besides, the method is also advantageous for a simple process, mild conditions, low cost, and very easy for scale production.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing graphene oxide nanoplatelets and derivative products and the graphene oxide nanoplatelets obtained, comprising two distinct phases, a first phase for obtaining an intermediate material consisting of carbon nanofilaments, each one having a structure comprising continuous ribbon of graphitic material with a small number of stacked monoatomic graphene layers and spirally rolled around and along the main axis of said nanofilaments, and a second phase wherein said carbon nanofilaments are subjected to a high-temperature treatment in order to clean said filaments and increase their degree of crystallinity. Once these nanofilaments are treated, a chemical etching is performed on them comprising an oxidation that causes the fragmentation of the carbon nanofilaments and starts a cleaving method that is completed by physical means in order to obtain graphene oxide nanoplatelets.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are high structured carbon blacks, methods of synthesis and treatment, and dispersions and inkjet ink formulations prepared therefrom. The carbon black can have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and STSA ranging from 160 to 220 m2/g. The carbon black can also have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and a ratio of STSA/BET surface area ranging from 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides magnetically responsive activated carbon, and a method of forming magnetically responsive activated carbon. The method of forming magnetically responsive activated carbon typically includes providing activated carbon in a solution containing ions of ferrite forming elements, wherein at least one of the ferrite forming elements has an oxidation state of +3 and at least a second of the ferrite forming elements has an oxidation state of +2, and increasing pH of the solution to precipitate particles of ferrite that bond to the activated carbon, wherein the activated carbon having the ferrite particles bonded thereto have a positive magnetic susceptibility. The present invention also provides a method of filtering waste water using magnetic activated carbon.

Abstract: In various embodiments a urethane/molecular rebar formulation comprising a specific composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a urethane polymer or prepolymer/discrete carbon nanotube formulation. Utility of the urethane/molecular rebar composition includes improved foams and adhesives.

Abstract: A chemically treated carbon black product is provided, which includes a pellet having an agglomerated mass of carbon black aggregates densified in a generally spheroidal form. The carbon black aggregates have polysulfide adsorbed on surfaces thereof. The polysulfide is thereby distributed throughout the pellet. Elastomeric compositions containing the chemically treated carbon black are also provided, and exhibit a reduction in hysteresis and equivalent or better abrasion resistance. A method for manufacturing the treated carbon black product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition of graphene-based nanomaterials and a method of preparing the composition are provided. A carbon-based precursor is dissolved in water to form a precursor suspension. The precursor suspension is placed onto a substrate, thereby forming a precursor assembly. The precursor assembly is annealed, thereby forming the graphene-based nanomaterials. The graphene-based nanomaterials are crystallographically ordered at least in part and configured to form a plurality of diffraction rings when probed by an incident electron beam. In one aspect, the graphene-based nanomaterials are semiconducting. In one aspect, a method of engineering an energy bandgap of graphene monoxide generally includes providing at least one atomic layer of graphene monoxide having a first energy bandgap, and applying a substantially planar strain is applied to the graphene monoxide, thereby tuning the first energy band gap to a second energy bandgap.

Abstract: A method of analyzing graphene includes providing a first graphene structure including graphene having grains and grain boundaries, and a support portion for supporting the graphene, generating a second graphene structure by oxidizing the first graphene structure, and detecting a shape of the graphene.

Abstract: A mechanochemical oxidation process that allows relatively benign oxidizers to be used for the production of at least partially oxidized graphite, and a method of preparing a carbon fiber using oxidized graphite and a fiber component. Partially oxidized graphite is fully dispersible in water and can be used to prepare thin films with conductivities rivaling pure graphite. This offers the potential for improved electronic displays, solar cells, and lithium ion batteries. A carbon nanotube and a method of making the same is also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing a reduced graphene oxide foam, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a colloidal suspension of graphene oxide; forming a graphene oxide compact layered film from the colloidal suspension of graphene oxide using flow-directed assembly; and chemically reducing the graphene oxide compact layered film using a chemical reducing agent to form a porous and continuous cross-linked structure that is the reduced graphene oxide foam.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for multimetallic assemblies, methods of making a multimetallic assembly, methods of oxidizing water, methods of O-atom transfer catalysis, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of making metal oxide and mixed metal oxide particles. The method includes treating a mixture formed from a metal source, such as metal alkoxide, a surfactant, and a first alcohol in an aqueous media at a very high metal oxide yield. The mixture is reacted using a catalyst to form metal oxide particles having a desired particle size in said mixture. The method is particularly suitable for forming silica particles. The metal oxide particles can then be heat treated to form synthetic fused metal oxides such as, for example, synthetic fused silica.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution having a hydrogen peroxide concentration [H2O2] expressed as % by weight of the solution and an apparent pH of from pHmin to pHmax, such that pHmin=3.45?0.0377×[H2O2], and pHmax=3.76?0.0379×[H2O2]. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of said hydrogen peroxide solution and the use of said solution in a process for the epoxidation of olefins.

Abstract: A graphene oxide used as a raw material of a conductive additive for forming an active material layer with high electron conductivity with a small amount of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery using the graphene oxide as a conductive additive is provided. The graphene oxide is used as a raw material of a conductive additive in a positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery and, in the graphene oxide, the weight ratio of oxygen to carbon is greater than or equal to 0.405.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: Method for making graphene sheets exfoliated by oxidation from graphite by mixing graphite powder with a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid and subjecting the resultant mixture to microware irradiation until a finely dispersed suspension graphene sheets is formed in the solution. Graphene sheets exfoliated by oxidation from graphite are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon material that can be useful, for example, in ultracapacitors. Also disclosed are applications and devices containing the carbon material.

Abstract: A method for surface treating a carbon-containing material in which carbon-containing material is reacted with decomposing ozone in a reactor (e.g., a hollow tube reactor), wherein a concentration of ozone is maintained throughout the reactor by appropriate selection of at least processing temperature, gas stream flow rate, reactor dimensions, ozone concentration entering the reactor, and position of one or more ozone inlets (ports) in the reactor, wherein the method produces a surface-oxidized carbon or carbon-containing material, preferably having a surface atomic oxygen content of at least 15%. The resulting surface-oxidized carbon material and solid composites made therefrom are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of graphene oxide and its use in various applications. The invention provides a method for the preparation of graphene oxide which involves treating a mixture of graphene oxide and impurities with a solution of a base. The impurities in the graphene oxide include oxygen-containing species that are associated with it i.e. bound to the graphene oxide but which are not covalently bonded to the graphene. The graphene oxide of the present invention has improved purity relative to the poorly characterised graphene oxide that is produced by existing methods.

Abstract: Highly-pure graphite oxide, graphene oxide, or graphene is mass-produced. Graphite is oxidized by an oxidizer, so that a graphite oxide solution is obtained, and electrodialysis is performed on the graphite oxide solution to remove aqueous ions, whereby the purity of graphite oxide is increased. Graphene oxide manufactured using the graphite oxide is mixed with powder, and the mixture is reduced, whereby graphene exhibiting conductive properties is yielded and the powder can be bonded. Such graphene can be used instead of a conduction auxiliary agent or a binder of a variety of batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a graphite oxide while purging chlorine dioxide. The invention process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, a nitric acid, a chlorate salt, and a graphite and further employs an inert purge gas.

Abstract: A method for chemical modification of graphene includes dry etching graphene to provide an etched graphene; and introducing a functional group at an edge of the etched graphene. Also disclosed is graphene, including an etched edge portion, the etched portion including a functional group.

Abstract: Provided is an aluminum oxycarbide composition production method capable of increasing a yield of Al4O4C while reducing a content rate of Al4C3 and achieving high productivity, and an aluminum oxycarbide composition. The method comprises: preparing a blend substantially consisting of a carbon-raw material having a mean particle diameter of 0.5 mm or less and an alumina-raw material having a mean particle diameter of 350 ?m or less, wherein a mole ratio of the carbon-raw material to the alumina-raw material (C/Al2O3) is in a range of 0.8 to 2.0; homogeneously mixing the blend to allow a variation in C component to fall within ±10%; and melting the obtained mixture in an arc furnace at 1850° C. or more.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a layered structure usable in a strain sensor. In one embodiment, the layered structure has a substrate with a first surface and an opposite, second surface defining a body portion therebetween; and a film of carbon nanotubes deposited on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the film of carbon nanotubes is conductive and characterized with an electrical resistance. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are aligned in a preferential direction. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are formed in a yarn such that any mechanical stress increases their electrical response. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymeric scaffold that is attached to the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes are functionalized such that its electrical conductivity is increased.

Abstract: A method for preparing a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery is provided. In the method, a solvent-thermal reaction of a graphite material and a modifier precursor in an organic solvent is conducted to form a reaction product. And then, the reaction product is dried. Next, a heat treatment is applied to the dried reaction product to obtain the negative electrode material. The negative electrode material prepared by the method has improved cycle stability and high current performance.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction. In some embodiments, the pH-influenced reaction involves the conversion of CO2 to a dissolved species.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an aluminum oxycarbide composition capable of suppressing oxidation of Al4O4C during use to maintain advantageous effects of Al4O4C for a long time. In an aluminum oxycarbide composition comprising Al4O4C crystals, the Al4O4C crystals have an average diameter of 20 ?m or more, based on an assumption that a cross-sectional area of each Al4O4C crystal during observation of the aluminum oxycarbide composition in an arbitrary cross-section thereof is converted into a diameter of a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area. This aluminum oxycarbide composition can be produced by subjecting a carbon-based raw material and an alumina-based raw material to melting in an arc furnace and then cooling within the arc furnace.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) compounds of the formula: F—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—F??I by contacting a nonfluorohalide compound of the formula: X—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—X with bismuth trifluoride under conditions sufficient to produce the bis(fluorosulfonyl) compound of Formula I, where Z and X are those defined herein.

Abstract: A method of forming a composition includes oxidation of graphene oxide to form holey graphene oxide having defects therein and reduction of the holey graphene oxide.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device, includes providing a graphene sheet, creating a plurality of nanoholes in the graphene sheet to form a graphene nanomesh, the graphene nanomesh including a plurality of carbon atoms which are formed adjacent to the plurality of nanoholes, passivating a dangling bond on the plurality of carbon atoms by bonding a passivating element to the plurality of carbon atoms, and doping the passivated graphene nanomesh by bonding a dopant to the passivating element.

Abstract: Drilling fluids comprising graphenes and nanoplatelet additives and methods for production thereof are disclosed. Graphene includes graphite oxide, graphene oxide, chemically-converted graphene, and functionalized chemically-converted graphene. Derivatized graphenes and methods for production thereof are disclosed. The derivatized graphenes are prepared from a chemically-converted graphene through derivatization with a plurality of functional groups. Derivatization can be accomplished, for example, by reaction of a chemically-converted graphene with a diazonium species. Methods for preparation of graphite oxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a platinum-manganese dioxide/carbon complex for a positive-electrode material of a lithium-air battery. More specifically, a manganese dioxide/carbon complex is prepared by dispersing carbon in a manganese dioxide precursor solution and applying microwaves, filtering and drying to the resulting solution. Next a platinum-manganese dioxide/carbon complex is prepared by dispersing the manganese dioxide/carbon complex in ethylene glycol, adding a platinum precursor and applying microwaves to the resulting solution. The platinum-manganese dioxide/carbon complex synthesized according to the present invention exhibits lower overvoltage and higher current density in oxygen reduction and oxidation reactions as compared to either a manganese dioxide/carbon complex or a platinum/carbon complex.

Abstract: [Means for solving] A graphene oxide sheet which changes to a substance having a graphene structure when reduced, and which is obtainable by dispersing a graphene-containing carbon substance using a dispersant to reduce the size of the aggregate units of the graphene-containing carbon substance, and then oxidizing the graphene-containing carbon substance.