Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous-feed furnace assembly and processes for preparing and continuously thermally exfoliating graphite oxide to give a highly exfoliated graphite.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon composite material, the method including providing a 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate-metal complex in a vessel, putting the vessel carrying the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate-metal complex into an environment with a protective gas therein, and heating the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate-metal complex to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 1300° C.

Abstract: Bridged graphite oxide material comprising graphite sheets bridged by at least one diamine bridging group. The bridged graphite oxide material may be incorporated in polymer composites or used in adsorption media.

Abstract: [Problems] A carbon nanotube has a low apparent bulk density and therefore has serious problems in the workability upon use. Particularly when two or more types of carbon nanotubes are used together, the workability becomes more serious, and it is more difficult to exploit the properties of the carbon nanotubes. [Means for Solving the Problems] One or more types of carbon nanotubes are mixed and granulated. In this manner, it becomes possible to increase the apparent bulk density of a carbon nanotube, improve the workability of a carbon nanotube during the production of a resin master batch or a dispersion solution, and exploit the properties of a carbon nanotube satisfactorily.

Abstract: Methods for producing macroscopic quantities of oxidized graphene nanoribbons are disclosed herein. The methods include providing a plurality of carbon nanotubes and reacting the plurality of carbon nanotubes with at least one oxidant to form oxidized graphene nanoribbons. The at least one oxidant is operable to longitudinally open the carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one acid. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one protective agent. Various embodiments of the present disclosure also include methods for producing reduced graphene nanoribbons by reacting oxidized graphene nanoribbons with at least one reducing agent. Oxidized graphene nanoribbons, reduced graphene nanoribbons and compositions and articles derived therefrom are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Deuterium and hydrogen terminated diamond surfaces are functionalized with alkyl or aryl peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method and apparatus of functionalizing a carbon nanotube, and more specifically, to a continuous method of functionalizing a carbon nanotube under subcritical water or supercritical water conditions without additional functionalizing processes, comprising: a) continuously feeding the carbon nanotube solution and an oxidizer under a pressure of 50 to 400 atm, respectively or together, and then preheating the mixture of said carbon nanotube solution and said oxidizer; b) functionalizing the carbon nanotube in the preheated said mixture under the subcritical water or the supercritical water condition of to 400 atm; c) cooling down the functionalized product into 0 to 100° C. and depressurizing the functionalized product into 1 to 10 atm; and d) recovering the cooled down and depressurized product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are both dispersible and electrically conducting. The process comprises: (a) preparing a pristine NGP material from a graphitic material; and (b) subjecting the pristine NGP material to an oxidation treatment to obtain the dispersible NGP material, wherein the NGP material has an oxygen content no greater than 25% by weight. Conductive NGPs can find applications in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays, additives for battery and supercapacitor electrodes, conductive nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc.

Abstract: A modified graphite oxide material contains a thermally exfoliated graphite oxide with a surface area of from about 300 m2/g to 2600 m2/g, wherein the thermally exfoliated graphite oxide displays no signature of the original graphite and/or graphite oxide, as determined by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon-based material having an activated surface includes: (a) mixing an elastomer and a carbon material, and dispersing the carbon material by applying a shear force to obtain a composite elastomer; and (b) heat-treating the composite elastomer at a temperature for vaporising an elastomer to vaporize the elastomer in the composite elastomer.

Abstract: An ammonia and fertilizer production process is based on partial oxidation of fossil fuel, which co-produces polycarbonsuboxide. The four step process is low-cost and low-carbon-dioxide emission. It comprises the steps of reacting fossil fuel with oxygen in air and steam in an electric discharge plasma to produce a gas exit stream of polycarbonsuboxide, hydrogen with associated nitrogen (110); cooling the gas stream to condense and separate the polycarbonsuboxide as a solid polymer (120); compressing the gas stream to pressures for synthesis of ammonia (140); and, converting the gas stream to ammonia by employing a catalytic converter (150). Optional steps involve gas cleanup, which include removal of contaminants from the gas stream and adding hydrogen or nitrogen to the gas stream to adjust the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen to three to one, respectively, prior to converting the gas stream to ammonia (130).

Abstract: Methods for the reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide emissions from combustion or oxidation reactions are provided. The various methods involve the formation of carbon suboxides and/or polymerized carbon suboxides (PCS), preferentially over gaseous carbon oxides to thereby reduce gaseous carbon dioxide emissions. The various methods can be employed for efficient generation of energy and/or hydrogen. In addition, various methods for the use of polymerized carbon suboxide are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube, and more specifically, to a continuous method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube by feeding functional compounds having one or more functional group into a functionalizing reactor into which a carbon nanotube mixture including oxidizer is fed under a pressure of 50 to 400 atm and a temperature of 100 to 600° C. to a subcritical water or supercritical water condition of a pressure of 50 to 40 atm by using a continuously functionalizing apparatus to obtain the functionalized products, such that the functional group of the functional compound can be easily introduced to the carbon nanotube, thereby increasing the functionalized effect of the carbon nanotube and increasing the dispersibility accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to covalently bonded fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CBFFCNTs), a method and an apparatus for their production and to their end products. CBFFCNTs are carbon nanotubes with one or more fullerenes or fullerene based molecules covalently bonded to the nanotube surface. They are obtained by bringing one or more catalyst particles, carbon sources and reagents together in a reactor.

Abstract: Methods for the reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide emissions from combustion or oxidation reactions are provided. The various methods involve the formation of carbon suboxides and/or polymerized carbon suboxides (PCS), preferentially over gaseous carbon oxides to thereby reduce gaseous carbon dioxide emissions. The various methods can be employed for efficient generation of energy and/or hydrogen. In addition, various methods for the use of polymerized carbon suboxide are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition, in particular a dispersion, which contains nanofiber material in at least one organic matrix component, said nanofiber material being pre-treated in at least one method step for adjusting the physical properties of the composition.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube, method for positioning the same, field effect transistor made using the carbon nanotube, method for making the field-effect transistor, and a semiconductor device are provided. The carbon nanotube includes a bare carbon nanotube and a functional group introduced to at least one end of the bare carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A supercapacitor or battery electrode containing a modified graphite oxide material, which is a thermally exfoliated graphite oxide with a surface area of from about 300 m2/g to 2600 m2/g.

Abstract: Electrode material typically is made from treated carbons. The number of functional groups residing on the treated carbon is reduced before the treated carbon is integrated into an electrochemical double layer capacitor. In one implementation, the number of functional groups on a given treated carbon is reduced by over 80%.

Abstract: Carbon nanostructures are formed from a carbon precursor and catalytic templating nanoparticles and are treated with a severe oxidative agent to introduce oxygen-containing functional groups to the surface of the graphitic material. Methods for manufacturing carbon nanostructures generally include (1) forming a precursor mixture that includes a carbon precursor and a plurality of catalytic templating particles, (2) carbonizing the precursor mixture to form an intermediate carbon material including carbon nanostructures, amorphous carbon, and catalytic metal, (3) purifying the intermediate carbon material by removing at least a portion of the amorphous carbon and optionally at least a portion of the catalytic metal, and (4) treating the intermediate carbon material with a severe oxidative treatment to increase surface functionalization.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in manufacturing methacrolein by reacting with one of isobutene and t-butanol, the catalyst composition being represented by the formula of: x (Mo12Bi8FebCocAdBeOf)/y Z. Mo12BiaFebCocAdBeOf is an oxide compound. Z is a catalyst carrier is one of graphite, boron, silicon, germanium powder, and a mixture thereof Mo, Bi, Fe, Co, and O are chemical symbols of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, and oxygen respectively. A is one of W, V, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ni, and Re. B is one of K, Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba. The catalyst is adapted to not only enhance the production of methacrolein with high activeness and high selectivity but also effectively control the heat point of the catalyst during the methacrolein manufacturing process to prolong the catalyst life.

Abstract: A combination comprising a bed of a particulate copper-containing catalyst and, a guard bed of a particulate composition containing a) lead and/or at least one lead compound that reacts with hydrogen chloride and b) a support therefor. The lead compound is preferably lead nitrate. The combination is of particular utility for the low temperature shift reaction wherein carbon monoxide is reacted with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a desulfurization process of pastel and grids of lead accumulators comprising a carbonation in two steps, a granulometric separation between the two steps followed by specific desulfurization of the large part, a desodification obtaining the conversion of the PbSO4 contained in the pastel into PbCO3 which can be easily converted into metallic Pb in an oven by the addition of coal. The system used for the desodification of the large part of the pastel can also be used for the desulfurization of the fine part of the grids.

Abstract: A method of producing ultra-thin, separated nano-scaled platelets having an average thickness no greater than 2 nm or comprising, on average, no more than 5 layers per platelet from a layered graphite material. The method comprises: (a) providing a supply of nano-scaled platelets with an average thickness of no more than 10 nm or having, on average, no more than 30 layers per platelet; and (b) intercalating the supply of nano-scaled platelets to produce intercalated nano platelets and exfoliating the intercalated nano platelets at a temperature and a pressure for a sufficient period of time to produce the ultra-thin nano-scaled platelets. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for further processing of the carbon-containing residue derived from fullerene production and from carbon-nanostructures production, characterized in that the residue is functionalized via introduction of chemical substituents, and the functionalization is carried out during or after the production process. The functionalized carbon-containing residue obtainable by the process is also provided, as is its use as a hydroxylating agent, wetting agent, additive in rubber compounds, and for tether-directed remote functionalization.

Abstract: An improved activated carbon adsorbent for disk drives that has improved or increased adsorption capacity for moisture between 25% RH and 45% RH while optionally maintaining good capacity for organic vapors, acid gasses and moisture at 95% RH.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., graphite and graphite oxide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm, and often between 0.34 nm and 1.02 nm. The method comprises: (a) subjecting the layered material in a powder form to a halogen vapor at a first temperature above the melting point or sublimation point of the halogen at a sufficient vapor pressure and for a duration of time sufficient to cause the halogen molecules to penetrate an interlayer space of the layered material, forming a stable halogen-intercalated compound; and (b) heating the halogen-intercalated compound at a second temperature above the boiling point of the halogen, allowing halogen atoms or molecules residing in the interlayer space to exfoliate the layered material to produce the platelets.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing the surface of carbon microfibers that includes contacting the microfibers with an oxidizing agent that includes sulfuric acid and potassium chlorate under reaction conditions sufficient to oxidize the surface. The invention also features a method of decreasing the length of carbon microfibers that includes contacting the microfibers with an oxidizing agent under reaction conditions sufficient to decrease the length.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the extraction of acid or basic oxides contained in a vegetal matter, more specifically it concerns the extraction of silica from rice husks. The invention also concerns pure oxides extracted from vegetal matter. The invention also concerns the process for the extraction of carbon-rich oxide compositions from vegetal matter, and compositions obtained through said process.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing carbon fibers in a vapor phase by causing a carbon compound to contact a catalyst and/or a catalyst precursor compound in a heating zone. In this process, the carbon compound, the catalyst precursor compound and an additional component are supplied to the heating zone, and these components are subjected to a reaction under a reaction condition such that at least a portion of the additional component is present as a solid or liquid in the heating zone.

Abstract: A method of adapting an axial flow reaction vessel having opposed ports to an opposed axial flow reaction vessel comprises installing a process fluid collection means system within the body of the vessel in fluid communication with one or more of said ports.

Abstract: Methods for the reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide emissions from combustion or oxidation reactions are provided. The various methods involve the formation of carbon suboxides and/or polymerized carbon suboxides (PCS), preferentially over gaseous carbon oxides to thereby reduce gaseous carbon dioxide emissions. The various methods can be employed for efficient generation of energy and/or hydrogen. In addition, various methods for the use of polymerized carbon suboxide are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of coated granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. The preparation is carried out by fluidized-bed spray granulation at a temperature TG in the range from 45 to 75° C., and the coating is effected by the spray application of an aqueous solution containing at least one coating component in a fluidized bed at a temperature TU in the range from 35 to 100° C. According to the invention, a) after the fluidized-bed spray granulation but before the coating, drying is carried out at TNT of greater than TG, or b) the fluidized-bed granulation is carried out in at least two steps at TG1, TG2 . . . TGn, TG2 or TGn being higher than TG1, and drying being unnecessary if ? of the granulate have been formed at TG1, or c) drying takes place not after the granulation but after the coating, at TUNT, TUNT being at least 20° C. higher than TG.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that a) at least one of the Components A and/or B which is not used in the form of a solution, shortly before or during mixing of the components, and/or b) the mixture containing the Components A and B is subjected to intensive grinding until an average particle size (D50) in the range of approx. 0.1 to 5 ?m is obtained, and optionally, after aging treatment or hydrothermal treatment, the resulting hydrotalcite product is separated, dried, and optionally calcinated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lanthanum sulfide or cerium sulfide sintered compact usable as a thermoelectric conversion material having a high Seebeck coefficient. The sintered compact has a chemical composition of La2S3 or Ce2S3, and a crystal structure consisting of a mixture of beta and gamma phases having a Seebeck coefficient higher than that of the crystal structure otherwise being in gamma single-phase. The sintered compact is produced by preparing a beta-phase La2S3 or alpha-phase Ce2S3 powder of raw material having a high purity with a suppressed carbon impurity concentration and a given range of oxygen concentration, charging the raw material into a carbon die having an inner surface covered with an h-BN applied thereon, and hot-pressing the charged material under vacuum to form a mixture of beta and gamma phases having a high Seebeck coefficient.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of functionalizing the sidewalls of a plurality of carbon nanotubes with oxygen moieties, the method comprising: exposing a carbon nanotube dispersion to an ozone/oxygen mixture to form a plurality of ozonized carbon nanotubes; and contacting the plurality of ozonized carbon nanotubes with a cleaving agent to form a plurality of sidewall-functionalized carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A metal container to be filled with a halogen containing gas, with the inner surface processed with a polishing agent. The gas has a reduced purity decline by the increase of the water content or impurities from the inner surface of the container which is absorbed by the gas over the passage of time. The inner surface processing method is improved such that the value of dividing the area of the Si2s peak by the area of the Fe2p3/2 peak in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the gas container inner surface with the inner surface process with a polishing agent applied is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: A non-chrome, copper-containing catalyst, Cu—Al—O and method of preparing the same are provided wherein the Cu—Al—O catalyst is prepared by the co-precipitation of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and sodium aluminate (Na2Al2O4) solutions using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a precipitant. The precipitate is filtered, washed to removed excess sodium, and dried. The dried product, to be used in a powder form, is calcined at a preferred temperature of approximately 700° to 900° C. for approximately 1 to 4 hours. The dry powder, to be tableted or extruded, is calcined at a temperature of approximately 400° to 700° C. The activity of the Cu—Al—O catalyst can be promoted in hydrogenolysis applications by the addition of various agents. The Cu—Al—O catalyst can be employed in applications in place of Cu/Cr, or other copper based catalysts.

Abstract: Compositions including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide-based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided. The fluid phase catalytic reactions catalyzed include hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurisation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallisation, hydrodeoxigenation, hydrodearomatization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, isomerization, alkylation, dealkylation and transalkylation.

Abstract: An amorphous hard carbon film has low friction coefficient from the beginning of sliding, when the metal oxide is contained in the film. The adhesion of the film to the substrate is also improved due to the low temperature treatment of RF plasma enhanced CVD method. This film can be applied to many sliding members, e.g., a piston ring, a vane of compressor and a plunger of fuel injection pump, used under severe condition.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous production of alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration ranging from 2 to 10% by weight and their direct use in oxidation processes. The process operates under high safety conditions and with a high productivity and molar selectivity towards the formation of H2O2.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of radioactive graphite which includes the following steps: (i) reacting the radioactive graphite at a temperature in the range of from 250° C. to 900° C. with superheated steam or gases containing water vapor to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (ii) reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide from step (i) to form water and carbon dioxide; and (iii) reacting the carbon dioxide of step (ii) with metal oxides to for carbonate salts. The process enables radioactive graphite, such as graphite moderator, to be treated either in-situ or externally of a decommissioned nuclear reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for controlling the oxidant injection to a reactor by determining fluctuations in the requirements from monitoring the flow rates and pressures of an upstream reactor. The method is used to oxidize carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich reformate stream supplied to a fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixed phase materials for the preparation of catalytic membranes which exhibit ionic and electronic conduction and which exhibit improved mechanical strength compared to single phase ionic and electronic conducting materials. The mixed phase materials are useful for forming gas impermeable membranes either as dense ceramic membranes or as dense thin films coated onto porous substrates. The membranes and materials of this invention are useful in catalytic membrane reactors in a variety of applications including synthesis gas production. One or more crystalline second phases are present in the mixed phase material at a level sufficient to enhance the mechanical strength of the mixture to provide membranes for practical application in CMRs.

Abstract: Compositions including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide-based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for controlling the oxidant injection to a reactor by determining fluctuations in the requirements from monitoring the flow rates and pressures of an upstream reactor.

Abstract: The proposed carbon-containing material comprises an electrode-active material, preferably a fluorocarbon, containing 58-67 wt. % fluorine, a binder, an agent adding to the conductance of the electrode-active material, and an expanding agent, in the capacity of which graphite fluoroxide is used is used. The proposed method of making a porous electrode comprises the following steps: a step-by-step mixing of the abovesaid components, at the first of which graphite fluoroxide is mixed together with the electrode-active material, the resultant mixture is modified, predominantly by subjecting it to impact action to prepare an intermediate product which at the second step is mixed together with the binder and the agent adding to the conductance of the electrode-active material, followed by forming an electrode and its heat-treatment to establish pores in its structure without destruction thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium-rich carbonaceous substance which can be used as a negative electrode in a lithium accumulator. This substance has the following formula: LiNaxCyOz  (I) in which x, y and z are such that 0.4≦x≦0.6 2.5≦y≦3.5 0.2≦z≦1 It can be prepared by the insertion of lithium electrochemically in a graphite-sodium-oxygen compound.

Abstract: The proposed carbon-containing material comprises an electrode-active material, preferably a fluorocarbon, containing 58-67 wt. % fluorine, a binder, an agent adding to the conductance of the electrode-active material, and an expanding agent, in the capacity of which graphite oxyfluoride, is used is used. The proposed method of making a porous electrode comprises the following steps: a step-by-step mixing of the abovesaid components, at the first of which graphite oxyfluoride is mixed together with the electrode-active material, the resultant mixture is modified, predominantly by subjecting it to impact action to prepare an intermediate product which at the second step is mixed together with the binder and the agent adding to the conductance of the electrode-active material, followed by forming an electrode and its heat-treatment to establish pores in its structure without destruction thereof.