Abstract: An all-solid-state battery having a high output power and a long life, exhibiting high safety, and being produced at a low cost is provided. The all-solid-state battery has a cathode comprising a cathode material, an anode comprising an anode material, and a solid electrolyte layer comprising a solid electrolyte, wherein the cathode material, the anode material, and the solid electrolyte are a compound shown by the following formulas (1), (2), and (3), respectively: MaN1bX1c ??(1) MdN2eX2f ??(2) MgN3hX3i ??(3) wherein M represents H, Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, or Ca and X1, X2, and X3 are polyanions, each of N1 and N2 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Al, and Cu, and N3 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ge, Hf, Zr, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Sc, and In.

Abstract: A lithium polymer secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte layer between both electrodes, wherein the negative electrode and the positive electrode each has a solid electrolyte prepared by incorporating an organic electrolytic solution into a polymer, the polymer is obtained by solidifying a precursor solution containing vinylene carbonate and a content of vinylene carbonate in the precursor solution for the positive electrode is smaller than that in the precursor solution for the negative electrode.

Abstract: The invention is a thin film composite solid (and a means for making such) suitable for use as an electrolyte, having a first layer of a dense, non-porous conductive material; a second layer of a porous ionic conductive material; and a third layer of a dense non-porous conductive material, wherein the second layer has a Coefficient of thermal expansion within 5% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first and third layers.

Abstract: An electrolyte with high ion conductivity, a process for producing the same and a battery using the same, and a compound for the electrolyte. The electrolyte is set between a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The electrolyte includes a first polymer compound, a second polymer compound and light metal salt. The first polymer compound has a three-dimensional network structure formed by bridging bridgeable compounds with the bridge groups, which contributes to the high mechanical intensity of the electrolyte. The second polymer compound has no bridge groups and dissolves light metal salt. Each of the first and the second polymer compounds has an ether bond. The first and the second polymer compounds form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network, and achieve higher ion conductivity than that of each polymer compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved solid electrolyte made of an interpenetrating network type solid polymer comprised of two compatible phases: a crosslinked polymer for mechanical strength and chemical stability, and an ionic conducting phase. The highly branched siloxane polymer of the present invention has one or more poly(ethylene oxide) (“PEO”) groups as a side chain. The PEO group is directly grafted to silicon atoms in the siloxane polymer. This kind of branched type siloxane polymer is stably anchored in the network structure and provides continuous conducting paths in all directions throughout the IPN solid polymer electrolyte. Also disclosed is a method of making an electrochemical cell incorporating the electrolyte. A cell made accordingly has an extremely high cycle life and electrochemical stability.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium battery and a thin-film battery that employ the solid electrolyte are provided. The solid electrolyte contains nitrogen to enhance the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of batteries.

Abstract: A sanitizing device comprising: a sanitizing component for sanitizing a surface, liquid, gas, and/or associated surrounding environment, wherein the sanitizing component includes an electrochemical, chemical, and/or corona cell; and a housing for retaining the sanitizing component. A particulate filtering component capable of substantially trapping particulates thereon and fragrance emitting means are also provided.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising an electrode in which an active material layer which includes an active material that electrochemically occludes and releases lithium is formed on a current collector, wherein cracks are formed in the active material layer by occlusion and release of lithium ions and thereafter a solid electrolyte is formed in the cracks in the active material layer.

Abstract: A sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte that suppresses the reaction between silicon sulfide and metallic lithium even when the electrolyte is in contact with metallic lithium, a method of forming the electrolyte, and a lithium battery's member and lithium secondary battery both incorporating the electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises Li, P, and S without containing Si. It is desirable that the oxygen content vary gradually from the electrolyte to the lithium-containing material at the boundary zone between the two members when analyzed by using an XPS having an analyzing chamber capable of maintaining a super-high vacuum less than 1.33×10?9 h Pa and that the oxygen-containing layer on the surface of the lithium-containing material be removed nearly completely. The electrolyte can be formed such that at least part of the forming step is performed concurrently with the step for etching the surface of the substrate by irradiating the surface with inert-gas ions.

Abstract: A method and system for fabricating solid-state energy-storage devices including fabrication films for devices without an anneal step. A film of an energy-storage device is fabricated by depositing a first material layer to a location on a substrate. Energy is supplied directly to the material forming the film. The energy can be in the form of energized ions of a second material. Supplying energy directly to the material and/or the film being deposited assists in controlling the growth and stoichiometry of the film. The method allows for the fabrication of ultrathin films such as electrolyte films and dielectric films.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rechargeable lithium battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a polyacrylate compound having three or more acrylic groups.

Abstract: An La2O3 powder and an SiO2 powder are mixed with each other, and then heated. By heating, a porous material of LaXSi6O1.5X+12 (8?X?10) as a composite oxide is produced. Subsequently, the porous material is pulverized to obtain a powder, and the powder is added to a solvent to prepare a slurry. The slurry is solidified in a magnetic field to prepare a compact. After that, the compact is sintered, and an oxide ion conductor is obtained thereby.

Abstract: A proton conductor, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrochemical device using the proton conductor are provided. The proton conductor includes a carbon derivative which has a carbon material selected from the group consisting of a fullerene molecule, a cluster consisting essentially of carbon, a fiber-shaped carbon and a tube-shaped carbon, and mixtures thereof; and at least a proton dissociative group, the proton dissociative group being bonded to the carbon material via a cyclic structure of tricyclic or more. The method includes the steps of obtaining the carbon derivative, hydrolyzing the derivative with alkali hydroxide, subjecting the hydrolyzed product to ion exchange, and forming a group with proton-dissociating properties.

Abstract: A lanthanum oxide (La2O3) powder, a germanium oxide (GeO2) powder, and a strontium carbonate (SrCO3) powder are mixed in a ratio so that a composition of the obtained composite oxide LalXm(AO4)6?n(ZO4)nOp satisfies 8?l+m<10, 0?m?2, 0?n?2 and 0?p?2. Thenafter, the materials are formed and sintered to prepare an oxide ion conductor. The crystalline structure of LalXm(AO4)6?n(ZO4)nOp belongs to the apatite type structure. The conduction of oxide ion occurs when O2? 14 occupying the 2a site of the apatite type structure moves along the c-axis direction.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrochromic device, includes the steps of: providing a first electron conducting layer on a substrate, providing a working electrode in communication with the first electron conducting layer, providing an ion conducting layer in communication with the working electrode, providing an ion storage electrode in communication with the ion conducting layer, and providing a second electron conducting layer in communication with the ion storage electrode, wherein at least one and less than all of the providing steps include(s) plasma chemical vapor deposition. An electrochromic device produced by the method of the invention is disclosed, as is an apparatus adapted to perform the method of the invention, including plasma CVD devices and vacuum sputtering devices.

Abstract: A method of constructing a battery using a control unit to cause pallets on an automated conveyor system to move between indexed positions on the conveyor system. Control unit causes terminals to be deposited on said pallet in a first position, control unit causes pallet to be moved to a second position, and a delivery mechanism controlled by control unit deposits bicells on said terminals with use of an alignment plate, said alignment plate on a separate circulating conveyor, controlled by control unit. Bicells are aligned to be in electrical contact with said terminals.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions prepared by free-radical-driven grafting onto hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon ethers of olefinically unsaturated fluorocarbons containing sulfonyl fluoride, fluorosulfonate, fluorosulfonimide, or fluorosulfonyl methide groups, wherein the grafting step is followed by a hydrolysis step in the case of sulfonyl fluoride.

Abstract: A single ion-conducting nanocomposite of a substantially amorphous polyethylene ether and a negatively charged synthetic smectite clay useful as an electrolyte. Excess SiO2 improves conductivity and when combined with synthetic hectorite forms superior membranes for batteries. A method of making membranes is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides novel stable metallic mesoporous transition metal oxide molecular sieves and methods for their production. The sieves have high electrical conductivity and may be used as solid electrolyte devices, e.g., in fuel cells, as sorbents, e.g. for hydrogen storage, and as catalysts. The invention also provides room temperature activation of dinitrogen, using the sieves as a catalyst, which permits ammonia production at room temperature.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the composition and method for fabricating nano-tube composite polymer electrolyte. The composite polymer electrolyte is made by blending suitable amount of highly dispersed, nano-tube, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), with highly amorphous polymer electrolyte, such as polyethylene oxide. The hollow nano-tube structure facilitates salt dissociation, serves temporarily storage for lithium ions, creates new conducting mechanism and improves the conductivity thereof. The subsequent thermal treatment and high electric field arrange the nano-tubes in order for increase of the dielectric constant thereof, which increased ion mobility at room temperature. The mechanical properties are also improved due to the physical cross-linking of the nano-tubes, suitable for industrial processing.

Abstract: A complex oxide and an oxide-ion conductor made of the complex oxide are provided. The complex oxide has a basic composition of (Sm1-xAx)(Al1-yBy)O3, wherein “A” represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium and calcium, “B” represents an element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, iron and cobalt, x is a value in a range of 0.10 to 0.30, and y is a value in a range of 0 to 0.30.

Abstract: Compositions of biomolecules such as nucleic acids that form molten salts are provided. These compositions molten compositions that have useful electrical properties. Such compositions include a salt of (i) an organic polymer ion such as a polynucleic acid anion, and (ii) a polyether or polysiloxane couterion. Methods of making and using such compositions, along with electrical devices such as memory devices, are also provided.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte lithium secondary cell comprising a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt is characterized by that the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a room temperature molten salt as a main component, a material wherein a working potential of the negative electrode (2) is nobler by above 1V than a potential of a metallic lithium is used for a negative active material of the negative electrode. This nonaqueous electrolyte lithium secondary cell has excellent safety and cell performance.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a new method of making a polymer lithium ion battery with low cost, high efficiency and excellent quality. The new polymer lithium ion battery comprises four major components, each of which is a composite: an anode, a cathode, a polymer-gel-electrolyte-separator system and a soft packaging laminate. Adherent particles are introduced into the electrolyte and deposited on the surfaces of both separators and electrodes by Chemical Liquid Deposition (CLD) in-situ the battery cell during the battery assembly process. Those adherent particles not only serve as glue to strongly hold both the anode and cathode together with polyolefin separators, but also form a polymer-gelling electrolyte through the Polymer Gel Formation (PGF) process. The fabrication method creates a self-supporting and self-strengthening battery cell and allows a soft coffee bag laminate to be used as packing shell.

Abstract: In a solid polymer electrolyte membrane with an ion exchangeability employed in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an anion group is partially combined with the solid polymer membrane.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprising at least one substrate (1,7), at least one electroconductive layer (2,6) at least one electrochemically active layer (3,5) capable of reversibly injecting ions, and an electrolyte (4), wherein the electrolyte (4) is a layer or a multilayer stack comprising at least one layer (4b) made of an ionically conductive material capable of reversibly injecting said ions but whose overall degree of oxidation is maintained essentially constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrochromic side-chain oligomers or polymers which can be used as electrochromic media.

Abstract: A lithium battery excellent in initial capacity, high rate discharge performance, low temperature performance and cycle life performance can be provided without the necessity of any special production step. In other words, the present invention lies in a lithium battery having a power-generating element comprising at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator wherein a gel electrolyte comprising at least a polymer and a liquid electrolyte is used in at least a part of the power-generating element, characterized in that the concentration of lithium salt in the liquid electrolyte is from 1.5 to 5 mols per l of the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte battery includes a battery element in which a cathode having a cathode composite mixture layer formed by applying a cathode composite mixture on a cathode current collector so as to provide a part to which the cathode composite mixture is not applied at an end part in the longitudinal direction of the cathode current collector and an anode having an anode composite mixture layer formed by applying an anode composite mixture on an anode current collector so as to provide a part to which the anode composite mixture is not applied at an end part in the longitudinal direction of the anode current collector are laminated so as to provide a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a thin film electrolyte is provided wherein a volatile lithium-containing precursor and a volatile phosphate-containing precursor are mixed into a plasma generated from a plasma source. The mixture is then deposited upon a substrate. The apparatus has a plasma source (13) having a primary plenum (16) and a secondary plenum (23). The primary plenum is in fluid communication with a source of nitrogen gas (47) and a source of hydrogen gas (51). The secondary plenum is in fluid communication with a first bubbler (31) and a second bubbler (38).

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions prepared by free-radical-driven grafting onto hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon ethers of olefinically unsaturated fluorocarbons containing sulfonyl fluoride, fluorosulfonate, fluorosulfonimide, or fluorosulfonyl methide groups, wherein the grafting step is followed by a hydrolysis step in the case of sulfonyl fluoride.

Abstract: The inventive photoreactive device has a semiconductor and an oxidation-reduction material. The semiconductor has a conduction band with a potential and being capable of producing electrons under the irradiation of light on the semiconductor. The oxidation-reduction material has a redox potential being positive compared with the potential of the conduction band. The semiconductor supplies electrons into the oxidation-reduction material to reduce it under the irradiation of light for storing the electrons. The stored electrons are discharged from the oxidation-reduction material into a metal material to prevent the corrosion of the metal material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing lithium complex salts and their intermediaries and to the use of these in electrolytes.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte for use in a lithium secondary battery prepared by polymerizing a composition including 0.1 to 90% by weight of a first compound represented by formula 1, a second compound represented by formula 2 or a mixture thereof, 0.1 to 90% by weight of a third compound represented by formula 3, and 9.8 to 99.8% by weight of a nonaqueous organic solvent containing 0.5 to 2.0 M of a lithium salt. Formula 1 is CH(R1)═C(R2)—C(═O)O—R3-N(R4)(R5), Formula 2 is CH(R1)═C(R2)—C(═O)O—R3-CN, and Formula 3 is Z—{—Y—X—C(R2)═CH(R1)}n.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the production of a vanadium electrolyte, including a mixture of trivalent and tetravalent vanadium ions in a sulphuric acid solution, by the reactive dissolution of vanadium trioxide and vanadium pentoxide powders, the surface area and particle size characteristics being controlled for complete reaction to produce the desired ratio of V(III) to V(IV) ions in the solution. The solution may be suitable for direct use in the vanadium redox battery, or the solution can provide an electrolyte concentrate or slurry which can be reconstituted by the addition of water or sulphuric acid prior to use in the vanadium redox battery.

Abstract: An improved electrochromic device comprising a substrate and a first conductive layer located on the transparent substrate. An ion storage layer is located on the first conductive layer. An electrolyte layer is located on the ion storage layer with an active layer being located on the electrolyte layer. A second conductive layer is located on the active layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for use as a fracture absorption layer, an apparatus for use as a electrochemical device, and methods of manufacturing the same are taught. The apparatuses and methods of the present invention may be of particular use in the manufacture of thin-film, lightweight, flexible or conformable, electrochemical devices such as batteries, and arrays of such devices. The present invention may provide many advantages including stunting fractures in a first electrochemical layer from propagating in a second electrochemical layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion conducting matrix comprising: (i) 5 to 60% by volume of an inorganic powder having a good aqueous electrolyte absorption capacity; (ii) 5 to 50% by volume of a polymeric binder that is chemically compatible with an aqueous electrolyte; and (iii) 10 to 90% by volume of an aqueous electrolyte, wherein the inorganic powder comprises essentially sub-micron particles. The present invention further provides a membrane being a film made of the matrix of the invention and a composite electrode comprising 10 to 70% by volume of the matrix of the invention.

Abstract: In accordance with the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the invention and the process for the preparation thereof, charging is carried out with a combination of a positive electrode provided with excess lithium and a negative electrode in order to cause lithium to be deposited on the negative electrode. Accordingly, no oxidized surface film is interposed between lithium and the current collector of negative electrode or the negative active material layer as in the case where a metallic lithium foil is laminated on the negative electrode. In this arrangement, a battery having a small internal resistance can be provided. Since the deposition of lithium is conducted in the assembled battery, lithium does not come in contact with air, preventing the formation of a thick ununiform oxidized film on the surface thereof. Thus, the deposition of dendrite can be inhibited, making it possible to inhibit the drop of battery capacity and hence provide a battery having an excellent cycle life performance.

Abstract: Disclosed are ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and methods for their fabrication. The membranes may be incorporated in active metal negative electrode (anode) structures and battery cells. In accordance with the invention, the membrane has the desired properties of high overall ionic conductivity and chemical stability towards the anode, the cathode and ambient conditions encountered in battery manufacturing. The membrane is capable of protecting an active metal anode from deleterious reaction with other battery components or ambient conditions while providing a high level of ionic conductivity to facilitate manufacture and/or enhance performance of a battery cell in which the membrane is incorporated.

Abstract: A proton conducting material and proton conducting membrane which have high proton conductivity, high strength, flexibility (strong against deformation), and high size stability when swollen (water absorbed) are provided. The proton conducting material and the proton conducting membrane are formed by crosslinking the unit structure of a layered clay mineral, wherein a polyvalent metal ion is incorporated between layers of the layered clay mineral.

Abstract: An electrochemical device comprising at least one substrate (1, 7), at least one electroconductive layer (2, 6) at least one electrochemically active layer (3, 5) capable of reversibly injecting ions, and an electrolyte (4), wherein the electrolyte (4) is a layer or a multilayer stack comprising at least one layer (4b) made of an ionically conductive material capable of reversibly injecting the ions but whose overall degree of oxidation is maintained essentially constant.

Abstract: A method for producing a bridged polymer membrane includes the steps of: obtaining a liquid medium comprising a basic polymer having an amino group in a repeating unit, a bridging agent, and a solvent; shaping the liquid medium into a membrane configuration to obtain the shaped membrane; and bridging the basic polymer by the bridging agent in the shaped membrane. A fuel cell has the bridged polymer membrane. The mechanical strength of the polymer electrolyte membrane is improved.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer electrolyte containing a block copolymer comprising one or more blocks having sulfonic acid groups and one or more blocks having substantially no sulfonic acid group, and at least one block among all blocks is a block having aromatic rings in the main chain thereof, and a method for producing the same. The polymer electrolyte is suitable for a proton conductive film of a fuel cell due to excellent water resistance and heat resistance, and high proton conductivity.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte cell in which oxidative decomposition of electrolyte components is suppressed to maintain the superior cell performance. The solid electrolyte includes a negative electrode 9 having a negative electrode current collector 7 and a negative electrode active material 8, a positive electrode 12 having a positive electrode current collector 10 and a positive electrode active material 11 and a solid electrolyte 13 arranged between the negative electrode 9 and the positive electrode 12 and which is comprised of an electrolyte salt dispersed in a matrix polymer. A diene compound is contained in at least one of the positive electrode 12 and the solid electrolyte 13.

Abstract: The composite electrolyte for use in a thin plate rechargeable lithium battery comprises a porous or microporous inert polymer separator laminate which carries another porous polymer containing a dissociable lithium compound, and the adherent polymer layers are impregnated with an organic liquid containing a lithium salt. The porous or microporous separator laminate may be a single polymer layer or a multiple polymer layer. The composite electrolyte is inserted between the electrodes of a rechargeable lithium battery. In another embodiment the porous polymer separator sheet has an adherent dissociable lithium compound containing polymer layer on each of its major faces.

Abstract: A composite comprising: A) at least one separator layer Aa which comprises a mixture Ia, comprising a mix IIa consisting of: (a) from 1 to 95% by weight of a solid III having a primary particle size of from 5 nm to 20 &mgr;m; and (b) from 5 to 99% by weight of a polymeric composition IV; B) at least one cathode layer B which comprises an electron-conducting, electrochemically active compound which is able to release lithium ions on charging, and C) at least one anode layer C which comprises an electron-conducting, electrochemical compound which is able to take up lithium ions on charging.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising an electrode in which an active material layer which includes an active material that electrochemically occludes and releases lithium is formed on a current collector, wherein cracks are formed in the active material layer by occlusion and release of lithium ions and thereafter a solid electrolyte is formed in the cracks in the active material layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a proton migration type secondary battery using as an electrode active material a polymer having a quinoxaline structure exhibiting a large proton insertion-release capacity, the secondary battery being excellent in its safety, reliability and rapid current properties, and having a long life and a high weight energy density (kWh/kg), compared with the conventional aqueous solution type double layer capacitor and a lead acid battery using sulfuric acid. Also, the present invention provides a proton migration type secondary battery excellent in productivity and further in safety and reliability by using a solid electrolyte and/or a gel electrolyte obtained by curing a mixture of a polymerizable compound excellent in its polymerizability and a proton conductive electrolyte. Further, the present inventors provide a proton migration type secondary battery having a further long life and excellent in reliability by adding a non-electrically conductive powder to the electrolyte.

Abstract: Proton conductors, electrochemical devices employing same and methods of manufacturing same are provided. The proton conductor includes silicon oxide, bronsted acid and a derivative of a carbonaceous material predominantly composed of carbon and proton (H+) dissociating groups introduced to carbon atoms of the carbonaceous material. The proton conductor is produced by a step of forming a compound predominantly composed of silicon oxide and bronsted acid by a sol-gel method, and a step of mixing the compound with a derivative of a carbonaceous material obtained on introducing proton (H+) dissociating groups to carbon atoms forming a carbonaceous material predominantly composed of carbon.