Abstract: To accelerate a film formation rate in forming a negative electrode active material film by vapor deposition using an evaporation source containing Si as a principal component, and to provide an electrode for lithium batteries which is superior in productivity, and keeps the charge and discharge capacity at high level are contemplated. The method of manufacturing an electrode for lithium batteries of the present invention includes the steps of: providing an evaporation source containing Si and Fe to give a molar ratio of Fe/(Si+Fe) being no less than 0.0005 and no greater than 0.15; and vapor deposition by melting the evaporation source and permitting evaporation to allow for vapor deposition on a collector directly or through an underlying layer. The electrode for lithium batteries of the present invention includes a collector, and a negative electrode active material film which includes SiFeyOx (wherein, 0<x<2, and 0.0001?y/(1+y)?0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer oxygen-consuming electrode having a side facing the oxygen-containing gas and a side facing the alkaline electrolyte, wherein the electrode includes at least one support, and at least two layers comprising a catalyst and a hydrophobic material, wherein the outermost layer facing the gas side has a lower proportion of catalyst than the outermost layer facing the electrolyte side and wherein the proportion of hydrophobic material is not more than 8% by weight based on the total amount of the catalyst and the hydrophobic material.

Abstract: To smoothly deliver a thermal energy required in an active site of a catalyst carried on a carrier. A method of manufacturing a catalyst carrier of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a mixed thin film in which at least metal and ceramics are mixed on a metal base, by spraying aerosol, with metal powders and ceramic powders mixed therein, on the metal base; and making the mixed thin film porous, by dissolving the metal of the mixed thin film into acid or alkaline solution to remove this metal.

Abstract: A negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery that can stably and efficiently realize a high-performance nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery in which a high discharge capacity, high charge/discharge efficiency at an initial stage and during charge/discharge cycles, and excellent charge/discharge cycle properties are provided as well as electrode expansion in volume after charge/discharge cycles is suppressed. The negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery in the form of particles having, at least on the surface thereof, a compound of the phase in which an element Z is present in Si in a non-equilibrium state.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell, the electrode including a catalyst layer, a method of making the same, and a fuel cell including the electrode. The catalyst layer includes a catalyst and at least one selected from the group consisting a first benzoxazine monomer, represented by Formula 1 below, a second benzoxazine monomer represented by Formula 2 below, a combination thereof, a homopolymer consisting of the first benzoxazine monomer, a homopolymer consisting of the second benzoxazine monomer, and a copolymer consisting of the first and second benzoxazine monomers. The electrode the first and/or second benzoxazine monomers contain fluorine or a fluorine-containing functional group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of catalytic metal such as Pt in a fuel cell. The present invention provides a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprising a conductive carrier and catalytic metal particles, wherein the CO adsorption amount of the electrode catalyst is at least 30 mL/g·Pt.

Abstract: An electrode is described completely made of graphenes or containing high amounts of these compounds in mixture with nanostructured or non-nanostructured carbon-based materials. An electrooxidation process for the removal of contaminants from liquids, and a reactor for performing the process, based on the use of said electrodes, are also described.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon. In particular, the present invention features a method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon, including: dispersing core nanoparticle powder supported on carbon in ethanol; adding a metal precursor which forms a shell and hydroquinone thereto; and mixing and reducing the same. Preferably, the disclosed method for preparing core-shell nanoparticles supported on carbon enables coating of transition metal nanoparticles including platinum on the surface of core metal nanoparticles at a monolayer level. Prepared core-shell nanoparticles of the present invention may be useful as catalysts or electrode materials of fuel cells.

Abstract: The direct oxidation fuel cell of the invention includes at least one unit cell, the unit cell including: a membrane-electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween; an anode-side separator; and a cathode-side separator. The cathode includes a first cathode catalyst layer, a diffusion layer being in contact with the cathode-side separator, and an intermediate layer disposed therebetween. The intermediate layer includes a second cathode catalyst layer and a porous composite layer, the porous composite layer containing a hydrophobic material and an electron-conductive material. The anode-side separator has a fuel flow channel, and the cathode-side separator has an oxidant flow channel.

Abstract: A process for producing a separator-electrode assemblies (SEAs) which comprises a porous electrode useful as a positive or negative electrode in a lithium battery and a separator layer applied to this electrode wherein the separator layer being an inorganic separator layer comprising at least two fractions of metal oxide particles different from each other in their average particle size and/or in the metal, and the electrode having active mass particles that are bonded together and to a current collector by an inorganic adhesive; and the separator-electrode assembly comprises no organic polymer binder. The process comprising form the porous electrode by applying a suspension comprising active mass particles suspended in a sol or a dispersion of nanoscale active mass particles in a solvent and solidifying the suspension.

Abstract: A battery having a cathode, an anode, an electrolytic solution, and a separator is provided. An open circuit voltage per pair of cathode and anode in a perfect charging state lies within a range from 4.25V or more to 6.00V or less. The electrolytic solution contains: an additive of at least one kind selected from a group consisting of an acid anhydride and its derivative; and cyclic carbonic ester derivative having a halogen atom.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode layer may include a catalyst, an electronic conductor, and an ionic conductor. Within the electrode layer are a plurality of electronic conductor rich networks and a plurality of ionic conductor rich networks that are interspersed with the electronic conductor rich networks. A volume ratio of the ionic conductor to the electronic conductor is greater in the ionic conductor rich networks than in the electronic conductor rich networks. During operation of a fuel cell that includes the electrode layer, conduction of electrons occurs predominantly within the electronic conductor rich networks and conduction of ions occurs predominantly within the ionic conductor rich networks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material, comprising a first step of subjecting azulmic acid to a first heat treatment in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere, thereby preparing a heat-treated product, and a second step of subjecting the heat-treated product to a second heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell having a gradient structure in which pore size becomes gradually smaller from a porous electrode to an electrolyte thin film in order to form a dense electrolyte thin film of less than about 2 microns and preferably less than 1 micron on the porous electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a nanocomposite for the catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode including: a carbon nanofiber; and metal catalyst particles uniformly applied to the surface of the carbon nanofiber, wherein the carbon nanofiber has a surface oxygen content of at least 0.03 calculated by the formula: Oxygen content=[atomic percentage of oxygen/atomic percentage of carbon] using atomic percentages of oxygen and carbon, respectively calculated from an area of an oxygen peak having a binding energy of 524 to 540 eV, an area of a nitrogen peak having a binding energy of 392 to 404 eV, and an area of a carbon peak having a binding energy of 282 to 290 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocomposite according to the present invention has high surface oxygen content and has metal catalyst nano particles densely and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the carbon fibers, thereby having high electrochemical efficiency. Thus, efficiency of fuel cells can be improved using the nanocomposite.

Abstract: A device having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an ion-conducting electrolyte in contact with both electrodes. Each electrode has a metal, a metal oxide, a hydrous metal oxide, alloy thereof, or mixture thereof, however, the electrodes are different such materials. The positive electrode is capable of storing and donating ions and electrons and reducing oxygen. The negative electrode is capable of storing and donating ions and electrons and oxidizing hydrogen. The electrolyte permits transport of oxygen and hydrogen. The device can charge using ambient hydrogen and oxygen. It can be discharged as an electrochemical capacitor or be operated in a fuel cell mode.

Abstract: A chemically linked catalyst-binder hydrogel material comprised of a water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is useful in, for example, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors, semi-fuel cells etc. The water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is prepared by a chemical cross-linking reaction between a polymer (such as PVA or chitosan or gelatin) and an aqueous cross-linking agent such as glutaraldehyde, which is catalyzed by protic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst, suitable for use in a fuel cell, comprises an alloy having a single crystalline phase, wherein the alloy consists of 5-95 at % palladium, 5-95 at % ruthenium and less than 10 at % of other metals, provided that the alloy does not consist of 50 at % palladium and 50 at % ruthenium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate; a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer. The present invention also provides an electrode for generation of hydrogen comprising: a conductive substrate, a catalytic layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing: at least one platinum group metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd and Rh and/or at least one oxide of said platinum group metals; and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum series metals, valve metals, iron series metals and silver and/or at least one oxide of said metals; and a hydrogen adsorption layer formed on the catalytic layer.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode is provided. The method includes providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon; providing a transfer substrate with an adjacent adhesive layer; adhering the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adjacent to the adhesive layer to form a composite structure; removing the carrying substrate from the composite structure; and removing the transfer substrate from the composite structure to form the stand-alone nanostructured thin catalytic film comprising the adhesive layer with the nanostructured thin catalytic layer adhered thereto. A stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic film and methods of constructing electrodes with the stand alone nanostructured thin catalytic films are also described.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell, wherein one of the electrodes of the fuel cell or an electrically conductive carrier, on which this electrode is applied, is designed as stabilizing substrate (1), in which multiple tubular hollows with preferably round, oval and/or square cross sections and with at least one open end are arranged, wherein the hollows are coated with at least an electrolyte (2) and at least the other, second electrode (3) of the fuel cell, and wherein at least one constructional element, hereinafter also denoted as constructional feature, is arranged on or at and/or integrated into the substrate, said constructional element being adapted for the integration of the fuel cell into a reactor.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell with an operating temperature of about 100° C. or more. The electrode has an electrode catalyst layer that includes an electrode catalyst with a conductive carrier and catalyst particles supported on the conductive carrier. The electrode catalyst includes an acid impregnated electrode catalyst in which the conductive carrier is impregnated with an acid component having proton conductivity by a heat treatment with the acid component in advance, and a non-impregnated electrode catalyst. The acid impregnated electrode catalyst and the non-impregnated electrode catalyst are uniformly distributed in the electrode catalyst layer.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell includes: a solid electrolyte; and electrodes on both surfaces of the solid electrolyte, wherein at least one of joint surfaces where the solid electrolyte and the electrodes are in contact with each other is a roughened surface having at least two different types of surface roughness.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell, and a membrane-electrode assembly and a fuel cell system including the same. The electrode for a fuel cell includes a supporter including a nano-carbon fiber, a nano-carbon grown from the nano-carbon fiber, and a catalyst disposed on the nano-carbon.

Abstract: Provided are an additive to an electrode for a fuel cell that is a proton conductive compound having at least one phosphate group, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, a method of manufacturing the electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using the electrode. The additive to an electrode for a fuel cell improves the durability of a fuel cell and reduces the amount of phosphoric acid discharged during operation of the fuel cell by fixing the phosphoric acid. Accordingly, a fuel cell having improved efficiency may be prepared using the additive because of improved proton conductivity and durability.

Abstract: The cathode catalyst includes a zeolite-containing carrier, and a ruthenium (Ru)-M-tellurium (Te) alloy supported on the carrier, where M is selected from the group consisting of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and combinations thereof. The cathode catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for a reduction reaction of an oxidant, and is highly stable under an acidic atmosphere thereby being capable of improving performances of a membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell system.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A catalytic material includes a plurality of nanoparticles that each comprise a gold substrate and a catalyst on the gold substrate. The gold substrate includes surface facets of which a predominant amount are Au(100)-oriented crystal planes.

Abstract: A nanostructured composite anode with nano gas channel and an atmosphere plasma spray manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The anode consists of a porous base material and a composite film with nano gas channels above the porous base material while the composite film has a plurality of nano gas pores and a plurality of nano gas channels. The manufacturing method according to the present invention includes the steps of: provide micron-sized agglomerated and nanostructured powders having mixture of nano oxide particles and a binder; heat the micron-sized agglomerated and nanostructured powders into melt or semi-melt oxide mixture; spray the melt or semi-melt oxide mixture on a porous base material; and generate the nanostructured anode composite film with nano gas channels through hydrogen reduction. The anode of the present invention increases the electrochemical activity and slows down nickel particle aggregation effect under high temperature environment.

Abstract: In some embodiments a ternary electrocatalyst is provided. The electrocatalyst can be used in an anode for oxidizing alcohol in a fuel cell. In some embodiments, the ternary electrocatalyst may include a noble metal particle having a surface decorated with clusters of SnO2 and Rh. The noble metal particles may include platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the ternary electrocatalyst includes SnO2 particles having a surface decorated with clusters of a noble metal and Rh. Some ternary electrocatalysts include noble metal particles with clusters of SnO2 and Rh at their surfaces. In some embodiments the electrocatalyst particle cores are nanoparticles. Some embodiments of the invention provide a fuel cell including an anode incorporating the ternary electrocatalyst. In some aspects a method of using ternary electrocatalysts of Pt, Rh, and SnO2 to oxidize an alcohol in a fuel cell is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode paste which comprises catalyst particles, a solvent and an varnish which comprises a solvent and an electrode electrolyte for a solid polymer fuel cell electrolyte, wherein the electrode electrolyte comprises a polymer with a structure having a main chain including a polyphenylene, a side chain including a sulfonic acid group and a repeating structural unit represented by formula (C) as a side chain including a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; wherein the structural variables are defined herein.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a direct methanol fuel cell includes an anode having a current collector and a catalyst layer formed on the current collector, a cathode having a current collector and a catalyst layer formed on the current collector, and an electrolyte membrane placed between the catalyst layers of the anode and the cathode. The anode-side catalyst layer includes a catalyst and a sheet-like organic compound consisting of a plurality of molecules having an aliphatic cyclic skeleton in which two carbon atoms are bonded to a cationic functional group and an anionic functional group, respectively. The sheet-like organic compound has a layered branch structure in which the molecules are layered by bonding different ions of the aliphatic cyclic skeleton to one another so that the molecules are displaced from one another, and a plurality of units each having the layered branch structure are present in the catalyst layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for electrodes that enables a firing process in air at a temperature of 600° C. or less and does not cause an increase in absolute resistance and a substantial variation of the resistance even when the composition is repeatedly subjected to the firing process. The composition for electrodes comprises: about 5 to about 95% by weight of aluminum powder, the aluminum powder having a particle size distribution of about 2.0 or less as expressed by the following Equation (1) and having D50 in the range of about 0.1 ?m?D50?about 20 ?m; about 3 to about 60% by weight of an organic binder; and the balance of a solvent: Particle size distribution=(D90?D10)/D50??(1) wherein D10, D50, and D90 represent particle diameters at 10%, 50% and 90% points on an accumulation curve of a particle size distribution when the total weight is 100%. An electrode and a PDP fabricated using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst for a fuel cell, and a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell and a fuel cell system that includes the same. The cathode catalyst includes an active material of an A-B-X compound where A is one of Cu, Ag or a combination thereof, B is one of Nb, Hf; Ta or combinations thereof, and X is one of S, Se, Te or combinations thereof, and a carbon-based material supporting the active material as a carrier.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a direct-methanol fuel cell includes an anode which includes a current collector and a first catalytic layer formed on the current collector and into which an aqueous methanol solution is introduced, a cathode which includes a current collector and a second catalytic layer formed on the current collector and into which an oxidizer is introduced and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode. The second catalytic layer includes a catalyst, a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid polymer, and a ternary metal-containing copolymer. The ternary metal-containing copolymer includes a first vinyl monomer containing an organic metal complex of Pt, a second vinyl monomer containing an organic metal complex of M1, where M1 is a metal selected from Sn, Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, Al and Cu and a third vinyl monomer containing an organic metal complex in which M2 is ionically bonded, where M2 is Eu or La.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst composition comprising one or more electrically conductive particles of one or more of carbon black, activated carbon, and graphite with one or more catalysts of a macrocycle and a metal adhered and/or bonded to the outer surface of the particles. The catalyst can be comprised, for example, of one or more of acetylacetonate and phthalocyanine and a metal. The metal component used in the electrocatalyst composition is comprised of one or more of iron, nickel, zinc, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, copper, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridum, platinum and gold. An ionic transfer membrane having a layer of the electrocatalyst thereon is disposed in a fuel cell in communication with and between current collectors.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell including a carbon-based carrier and an active metal supported in the carrier, for example, an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a carrier and an active metal supported in the carrier, wherein the electrode catalyst has an X value of 95 to 100% in Equation 1. X(%)=(XPS measurement value)/(TGA measurement value)×100??[Equation 1] wherein, the XPS measurement value represents a quantitative amount of the active metal present on a surface of the electrode catalyst, the TGA measurement value represents the XPS measurement value using a monochromated Al K?-ray, which is the quantitative amount of total active metal supported in the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of silicon particles as redox catalyst, an electrochemical device and method thereof. As electrocatalyst, the silicon particles catalyze a redox reaction such as oxidization of the redox reactant such as renewable fuels e.g. methanol, ethanol and glucose. The device such as a fuel cell comprises a redox reactant and a catalytic composition comprising silicon nanoparticles. The silicon particles catalyze the redox reaction on an electrode such as anode in the device. In preferred embodiments, the electrocatalysis is dramatically improved under low illuminance such as in darkness. The invention can be widely used in applications related to for example a fuel cell, a sensor, an electrochemical reactor, and a memory.

Abstract: Methods of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery are provided. One method includes forming a plurality of layers of the air electrode. The plurality of layers include an active layer and a gas diffusion layer. Forming at least one of the active layer or the gas diffusion layer includes forming a first sublayer having a first concentration of a first material and forming a second sublayer having at least one of a second concentration of the first material that differs from the first concentration or a second material that differs from the first material. In another embodiment, a method includes forming a layer of an air electrode such that a gradient of a material is formed in at least a portion of the layer by varying a concentration of the material deposited between a first portion of the layer and a second portion of the layer.

Abstract: A method of forming an air electrode of a metal-air battery includes forming at least a portion of the air electrode using a process selected from the group consisting of screen printing, spray printing, spin coating, and dip coating.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an electrode comprised of a first layer which comprises a mesoporous nanostructured hydrophobic material; and a second layer which comprises a mesoporous nanostructured hydrophilic material arranged on the first layer. In a further aspect, the present invention refers to an electrode comprised of a single layer which comprises a mixture of a mesoporous nanostructured hydrophobic material and a mesoporous nanostructured hydrophilic material; or a single layer comprised of a porous nanostructured material wherein the porous nanostructured material comprises metallic nanostructures which are bound to the surface of the porous nanostructured material. The present invention further refers to the manufacture of these electrodes and their use in metal-air batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells.

Abstract: The embodiments generally relate to a high performance ceramic anode which will increase flexibility in the types of fuels that may be used with the anode. The embodiments further relate to high-performance, direct-oxidation SOFC utilizing the anodes, providing improved electro-catalytic activity and redox stability. The SOFCs are capable of use with strategic fuels and other hydrocarbon fuels. Also provided are methods of making the high-performance anodes and solid oxide fuel cells comprising the anodes exhibiting improved electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst containing platinum, zinc, and at least one of nickel and iron.

Abstract: Shaped articles with the inherent capability to evolve in response to at least one of external and internal stimuli are described. These articles comprise at least one solid electrolyte with at least one dissolved salt, and at least one interface which involves a solid electrolytes and a conductive solid. Electric potential gradients, generated within the solid electrolyte by at least one of external and internal stimuli, guide and drive the self-healing and adaptation phenomena.

Abstract: The membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, and an anode and a cathode disposed on each side of the polymer electrolyte membrane and including a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has a first catalyst layer that has a porosity of less than or equal to about 40% and is disposed to contact the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second catalyst layer that has a porosity of more than or equal to about 50% and is disposed on the first catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for a fuel cell which includes an electrode substrate composed of nano-carbon fiber, with a catalyst layer formed on the electrode substrate. The electrode substrate has a better strength than an electrode substrate composed of a conventional carbonaceous material, and a pore size which can be controlled even though the composition for forming the catalyst layer may be coated in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have an R value of at least 1.3, where R is defined as the ratio (ID/IG) of an integral value of D band intensity (ID) to an integral value of G band intensity (IG) in the Raman spectrum. Such carbon nanotubes can be used to form a support catalyst with good catalyst activity because the surface defects on the carbon nanotubes promote improved catalyst distribution in that the support catalyst includes catalyst particles having a small mean particle size and a slight variation in particle size. Such a support catalyst has particularly useful properties when used as a catalyst layer for a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: The electrode for a fuel cell of the present invention includes a carbonaceous electrode substrate, a microporous layer formed on the surface of the electrode substrate with the microporous layer including a carbonized polymer, and nano-carbon formed on the surface of the microporous layer with a catalyst layer coated on the surface of the nano-carbon. Alternatively, an electrode for a fuel cell includes a carbonaceous electrode substrate in which carbon particles are dispersed, a nano-carbon on the electrode substrate with a catalyst layer on the surface of the nano-carbon.

Abstract: To provide a membrane/electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells capable of obtaining a high output voltage even in a high current density region, by providing electrodes having good gas diffusion properties, conductivity, water repellency and durability. A membrane/electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, comprising; an anode and a cathode each having a catalyst layer containing a catalyst and having a gas diffusion layer; and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the catalyst layer of the anode and the catalyst layer of the cathode, characterized in that at least one of the above anode and cathode, has a carbon layer containing a fluorinated ion exchange resin and carbon nanofibers having a fiber diameter of from 1 to 1,000 nm and a fiber length of at most 1,000 ?m, disposed between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A high power density direct oxidation fuel cell (DOFC) with comprising an anode electrode with a microporous layer (MPL) configured to alleviate cathode dryout and thus reduce electrode resistance in the cathode that interfaces with a hydrocarbon membrane. The MPL is configured to alleviate cathode dryout by comprising a fluoropolymer and an electrically conductive material, wherein the MPL is loaded with fluoropolymer in the range from about 10 to about 25 wt. %.