Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a flat fluorescent lamp. The fluorescent lamp includes a plurality of discharge channels, a gas inlet connecting to the discharge channels, and an exhaust pipe connecting to the gas inlet. The process for manufacturing the fluorescent lamp includes exhausting air from the discharge channels through the exhaust pipe, diffusing a mercury vapor within the discharge channels, blocking a passage between the gas inlet and the most outer channel, and removing the gas inlet and the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element array includes a substrate, a first organic EL element emitting red light, a second organic EL element emitting green light, and a third organic EL element emitting blue light. The first, second, and third organic EL elements each include a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a light-transmissive second electrode arranged on the substrate in that order. The second electrode of the first organic EL element has a semitransparent reflective layer. The first electrode of the first organic EL element has a reflective face and a resonant structure located between the reflective face and the semitransparent reflective layer. The second and third organic EL elements each has a resonant structure located between a reflective face of the first electrode of the second or third organic EL element and a light-extracting face of the transparent layer of the second or third organic EL element.

Abstract: A lamp (10) has a light source (12) with a distal portion (14) and a proximal portion (16), the proximal portion (16) comprising a press seal (17) having a given cross-section. A lamp envelope (18) receives the light source (12), the envelope (18) being arrayed about a longitudinal axis (20) and having a base (22) generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (20). A clip-receiving aperture (24) is formed in the base (22), and at least one clip locator surface (26, 52, 54) is formed in the base (22) adjacent the clip-receiving aperture (24). A clip (28) is positioned in the clip-receiving aperture (24), the clip having a passage (29) shaped and formed to receive the press seal (17) of the light source (12) therein. The clip (28) has at least one first retainer (32) and at least one second retainer (33), the at least one first retainer (32) being shaped and formed to engage the at least one clip locator surface (26, 52, 54), whereby the clip (28) is located within the clip-receiving aperture (24).

Abstract: An interior trim panel (10) comprises at least one lighting element (12). The lighting element (12) comprises a light-conducting body (14) arranged in a receiving bore (22) formed in the interior trim panel (10), wherein the light-conducting body (14) comprises a light entry face (16) and a light exit face (18) arranged in the area of a panel surface (26) visible in the mounted state of the interior trim panel (10). The visible panel surface (26) and the light exit face (16) of the light-conducting body (14) are provided with a continuous layer of lacquer (28).

Abstract: An example embodiment there is provided an electroluminescent device comprising: an electroluminescent component, a first piezoelectric component, an alpha electrode and a first beta electrode, the electroluminescent component being located between the alpha electrode and the first piezoelectric component, the first beta electrode being in electrical contact with the alpha electrode and in electrical contact with the first piezoelectric component, the alpha electrode, first beta electrode, first piezoelectric component, and electroluminescent component being configured to generate a potential difference across the electroluminescent component responsive to a mechanical stress applied to the first piezoelectric component.

Abstract: A method of growing carbon nanotubes and a method of manufacturing a field emission device using the same is provided. The method of growing carbon nanotubes includes steps of preparing a substrate, forming a catalyst metal layer on the substrate to promote growing of carbon nanotubes, forming an inactivation layer on the catalyst metal layer to reduce the activity of the catalyst metal layer, and growing carbon nanotubes on a surface of the catalyst metal layer. Because the inactivation layer partially covers the catalyst metal layer, carbon nanotubes are grown on a portion of the catalyst metal layer that is not covered by the inactivation layer. Thus, density of the carbon nanotubes can be controlled. This method for growing carbon nanotubes can be used to make an emitter of a field emission device. The field emission device having carbon nanotube emitter made of this method has superior electron emission characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus includes light emitting members; anode electrodes disposed on the light emitting members in an overlapping manner; a partition member disposed between adjacent light emitting members; a resistance member disposed on the partition member, the resistance member connecting adjacent anode electrodes to each other; and a feeding electrode connecting the resistance member to a power supply, wherein the feeding electrode is disposed on a base adjacent to the partition member, and the feeding electrode is connected, on the base, to the resistance member and to a power supply.

Abstract: A field emission element includes at least one supporting wire and at least one carbon nanotube wire. The supporting wire and the carbon nanotube wire are twisted together. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing at least one carbon nanotube wire and at least one supporting wire; (b) twisting the carbon nanotube wire and the supporting wire together to form a multi-strand structure by a spinning process; and (c) cutting the multi-strand structure according to a predetermined length to form a field emission element.

Abstract: A method of applying at least two phosphors to an LED, wherein a first phosphor material having a lower absorption, shorter luminescence decay time, and/or lower thermal quenching than a second phosphor material is positioned closer to the LED than the second phosphor. Such an arrangement provides a light emitting device with improved lumen output and color stability over a range of drive currents.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp including, in a lamp chamber formed by a lamp body having a front opening and a transparent front cover attached to the front opening, a semiconductor light-emitting element; and an inner lens positioned forward of the semiconductor light-emitting element. The inner lens includes a first light control portion for diffusing light from the semiconductor light-emitting element in a horizontal direction; and second light control portions respectively positioned on left and right sides of the first light control portion, each of which have a reflective surface for reflecting the light from the semiconductor light-emitting element in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: An easily replaceable lamp cartridge system that provides a narrow line of light and that can be placed into an optical path of an instrument or optical system. The cartridge comprises an integrated lamp, at least one focusing element, cooling components and at least one slit aperture mounted in a housing typically comprising mechanical indexing features and connectors to facilitate easy placement and replacement.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure for mounting a component to a lighting device, including at least one lighting-device base, at least one metal film, and a lighting array chip. The lighting-device base has a surface to which a first layer of metal bonding agent is applied. The metal film has a surface attached to the first metal bonding agent layer on the surface of the lighting-device base. The lighting array chip has a bottom surface to which a second layer of metal bonding agent is applied. The second metal bonding agent layer is further attached to an opposite surface of the metal film so as to securely mount the lighting array chip to the surface of the lighting-device base.

Abstract: The invention relates to foil element constructed from a) an at least partly transparent carrier foil, component A, which comprise at least one cold-stretchable foil material which is provided with optional graphical representations, b) a semitransparent reflecting layer B, c) an at least partly transparent foil comprising at least one cold-stretchable foil material, component C, d) at least one electroluminescent element, component D, applied onto the at least partly transparent foil C, containing the following components da) an at least partly transparent electrode, component DA, db) optionally a first insulating layer, component DB, dc) a layer, component DC, containing at least one luminous substance that is capable of being excited by an electric field, dd) optionally a further insulating layer, component DD, and de) a back electrode, component DE, e) a protective layer, component EA, or a foil, component EB.

Abstract: An electrode of a light-emitting device of the OLED type adapted for forming with a second electrode, an optical cavity, including at least one layer based on a material of refraction index n1 including a structured face comprising a plurality of recesses filled with a material of refractive index n2 different from n1.

Abstract: A method for generating atmospheric pressure cold plasma inside a hand-held unit discharges cold plasma with simultaneously different rf wavelengths and their harmonics. The unit includes an rf tuning network that is powered by a low-voltage power supply connected to a series of high-voltage coils and capacitors. The rf energy signal is transferred to a primary containment chamber and dispersed through an electrode plate network of various sizes and thicknesses to create multiple frequencies. Helium gas is introduced into the first primary containment chamber, where electron separation is initiated. The energized gas flows into a secondary magnetic compression chamber, where a balanced frequency network grid with capacitance creates the final electron separation, which is inverted magnetically and exits through an orifice with a nozzle. The cold plasma thus generated has been shown to be capable of accelerating a healing process in flesh wounds on animal laboratory specimens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to light-emitting devices and in particular organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). In particular, the invention relates to the use of luminescent isonitrile/metal complexes as oligomer emitters in devices of this type.

Abstract: A light emitting diode lamp, includes a pair of contacts for the electrical connection of the light emitting diode, wherein the pair of contacts includes two crimp contacts separated electrically from one another, each crimp contact including a conducting input including a conducting crimping skirt and a clinching zone intended to receive by clinching an electrical contact of the light emitting diode.

Abstract: A front plane laminate (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,982,178) is produced by forming a sub-assembly comprising a lamination adhesive layer and an electro-optic layer, forming an aperture through the sub-assembly, and securing a light-transmissive electrode layer to the sub-assembly so that the electrode layer extends across the aperture. Alternatively, formation of the aperture is omitted, and the electrode layer has a tab portion extending beyond the edges of the lamination adhesive and electro-optic layers. When a front plane laminate is secured to a backplane to form an electro-optic display, a stiffening layer may be attached to either part to increase its stiffness, then removed after the lamination. An electro-optic display or front plane laminate may use an adhesive layer comprising separate layers of cross-linked and non-cross-linked adhesive.

Abstract: A plasma electrodeless lamp comprises a substantially hollow metallic body, closely receiving two coupling elements, the first coupling element connected to the output of an RF amplifier, and the second coupling element connected to the input of an RF amplifier. The first coupling element is conductively connected (grounded) to metallic lamp body at its top surface, while the second coupling element is not. The lamp further comprises a vertical metallic post, the post being grounded to the metallic lamp body at the post's bottom surface. The lamp further comprises a dielectric sleeve which closely receives the metallic post, and which is in turn closely supported by the lamp body or alternatively or in combination a tuning stub. The lamp further comprises a bulb that is closely received by the metallic post, and that encloses a gas-fill which forms a radiant plasma when excited.

Abstract: A method and system for connecting a light emitting apparatus is disclosed herein. The system includes at least two rod assembly connectors, in which each rod assembly connector includes a rod assembly body having a first end and a second end. The first end of one of the rod assembly connectors is configured to connect with the second end of the second rod assembly connector. Further, at least one of the rod assembly connectors includes an attachment mechanism, in which the attachment mechanism is configured to attach to a light emitting apparatus.

Abstract: An envelope for photographic lighting that enhances and modifies light from a light source to create desirable light for photography. The envelope is constructed to include a series of linear lenses surrounding a light source to produce multiple distorted images of light at a diameter corresponding to the curvature of the lens and the distance from the light source. The envelope homogenizes the distribution of light by multiplying the projected light dispersion pattern to modify or “shape” the light for stage, studio, motion picture or still photography.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a plasma display panel (PDP) device having one or more substrates and a multiplicity of pixels or sub-pixels. Each pixel or sub-pixel is defined by a hollow Plasma-disc filled with an ionizable gas. The Plasma-disc has at least two opposing flat sides such as a flat top and flat bottom. One or more other sides or edges may also be flat. Two or more addressing electrodes are in electrical contact with each Plasma-disc. A flat side of the Plasma-disc shell is in contact with a substrate and each electrode is in electrical contact with a flat side of the Plasma-disc. The PDP may include inorganic and organic luminescent materials that are excited by the gas discharge within each Plasma-disc. The luminescent material may be located on an exterior and/or interior surface of the Plasma-disc or incorporated into the shell of the Plasma-disc. Up-conversion and down-conversion materials may be used. The substrate may be rigid or flexible with a flat, curved, or irregular surface.

Abstract: An improved LED lamp manufacturing method is described. An LED lamp bulb and a pair of electrical cables are provided. The LED lamp bulb is electrically coupled with the pair of electrical cables. A main body is provided to enclose the LED lamp bulb, wherein the main body consists of a first plastic member and a second plastic member. The first plastic member is coupled with the second plastic member.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) and a method of manufacturing the same suppresses variation in the height of the intersecting barrier walls with a simple method and that prevents cross talk from occurring between the discharge cells. A concave part is formed at a position contacting an intersecting part of a first barrier wall before baking and a second barrier wall before baking orthogonal to the first barrier wall before baking. When such concave part is formed, the values of the surface area per volume of the intersecting part and the surface area per volume of the first barrier wall before baking and the second barrier wall before baking between the intersecting part and the intersecting part adjacent to the intersecting part become substantially equal. As a result, the height of the intersecting part does not become high after baking, a barrier wall of aligned height is obtained, and cross talk does not occur between the discharge cells.

Abstract: A method for improving power distribution of a transparent electrode that includes forming an LED over a substrate; the LED including a first electrode, a transparent electrode, and one or more light-emissive layers formed there-between. A patterned protective layer is formed on the transparent electrode; the patterned protective layer having open areas wherein the protective layer is not present, and covered areas wherein the protective layer is present. A solution having curable conductive precursor components is deposited over the open areas onto the transparent electrode. The precursor components of the solution are pattern-wise cured to form patterned electrically conductive areas on the transparent electrode in the open areas, and any uncured precursor components of the solution are removed.

Abstract: A high temperature stable composition includes a first material and a second material interspersed within the first material so as to form a structure. The composition is structured such that the first and second materials maintain a periodicity of distribution between about 100 nm and about 1000 nm, and the composition is operable to reflect photons having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm and to emit or transmit photons having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 700 nm at temperatures greater than about 2000 Kelvin for at least about 10 hours.

Abstract: A rear combination lamp y for a vehicle includes a rear combination lamp housing with an inboard cavity, an intermediate cavity, and an outboard cavity. First, second, and third light-emitting diodes extend into the inboard cavity, intermediate cavity, and outboard cavity, respectively. A turn signal member is operably connected to the first, second, and third light-emitting diodes and engagement of the turn signal activates the first, second, and third light-emitting diodes sequentially.

Abstract: A conformal thin-film phosphor layer is disposed over a surface of a hemispherical lens, a Fresnel lens, or a microlens array, thereby forming a phosphor-coated light extraction structure. Also disclosed is a phosphor-converted photonic crystal light emitting device that incorporates a thin-film phosphor layer. A wafer-level packaging process incorporating a thin-film phosphor layer is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image display panel, having one or more cells formed in an isolated manner from one another by partition walls and accommodating image display media and a plurality of image display elements, in which the image display media are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of the two substrates being transparent, and, in which the image display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, characterized in that the improvement comprises the steps of: (1) manufacturing a substrate with the partition walls on one substrate; applying an adhesive mixture obtained by mixing a photo-curing resin and a heat-hardening resin on the partition walls; and then connecting the other substrate to the partition walls through the adhesive mixture, the steps of: (2) manufacturing a substrate with the partition walls by forming the partition walls on one substrate; performing a washing by a dry treatment with respect to the thus manufactured su

Abstract: An inverted OLED device, comprising: a substrate; a cathode disposed on the substrate; an anode spaced from the cathode; at least one light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; a hole-transporting layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer(s); an electron-transporting layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer(s); a first electron-accepting layer disposed between the hole-transporting layer and the anode and including a first electron-deficient organic material constituting more than 50% by volume of the first electron-accepting layer and having a reduction potential greater than ?0.5 V vs. a Saturated Calomel Electrode; and a second electron-accepting layer disposed between the electron-transporting layer and the cathode including a second electron-deficient organic material constituting more than 50% by volume of the second electron-accepting layer and having a reduction potential greater than ?0.5 V vs. a Saturated Calomel Electrode.

Abstract: A lamp (10), which is particularly a motor vehicle head-light, comprises a burner (12) for emitting light, which is supported by a holder (16) for mechanically connecting the burner (12) with a socket (14). The holder (16) comprises a metal ring (26) surrounding the burner (12). The metal ring (26) is thermally connected to the burner (12) via a single connecting surface (40), which is in planar contact to the burner (12) over an angle of ?350° in circumferential direction. Due to the increased heat transfer to the environment the used materials are less subjected to heat, so that the overall lifetime and the shock resistance of the lamp (10) are increased at the same time.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a substrate for an organic light-emitting device (10) bearing a discontinuous electrode (2a to 2?c) having a metallic functional layer having an intrinsic electrical conductivity property, between a contact layer and an overlayer, the electrode having a surface resistance equal to or less than 5 ?/? for a functional layer thickness of less than 100 nm, the electrode being in the form of at least one row of electrode zones, each electrode zone having a first dimension (l) of at least 3 cm in the direction (X) of said row, the electrode zones of each row being spaced apart by what is called the intra-row distance (d1), this being equal to or less than 0.5 mm. The subject of the invention is also an organic light-emitting device (10) incorporating this electrode and the fabrication of this electrode and of this device.

Abstract: An apparatus for lighting. The apparatus includes a first light source. The apparatus includes a first housing in which the first light source is disposed. The apparatus includes a support structure to which the first housing is attached. The apparatus includes a reflection portion having a least two reflectors. The reflection portion attached to the support structure and in spaced relationship with the first housing such that light from the first light source is directed to desired locations. Alternatively, the apparatus includes a first light source. The apparatus includes a first housing in which the first light source is disposed. The apparatus includes a support structure to which the first light source is attached. The apparatus includes a second light source. The apparatus includes a second housing in which the second light source is disposed. The second housing attached to the support structure and in spaced relationship with the first housing.

Abstract: A sensor mounting arrangement for a vehicle has a headlamp shell (5) with a recess (14) and a hole (16) spaced from the recess (14). A protective plate (11) has a projection (15) that protrudes into the recess (14) of the headlamp shell (5). A blind rivet bolt (18) is riveted to the protective plate (11) at a location spaced from the projection (15) of the protective plate (11). The blind rivet bolt (18) has a bolt head (17) that passes through the hole (16) in the headlamp shell (5). A crash sensor (19) is connected firmly to the blind rivet bolt (18) and hence to the protective plate (11). The connection ensures that forces generated in the event of a crash will not cause the protective plate (5) to shear off the headlamp shell (5) before the sensor (19) has time to respond.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lighting assembly capable of instant ON/OFF operation with a lamp housing having therein an HID lamp, an instant ON igniter circuit and lamp driver circuitry. The housing may have a screw in base or may be configured for fixed mounting on an open receptacle box. In one version, a non-replaceable HID lamp has leads permanently connected to the instant ON circuitry. In another version, the HID lamp has an integral base with pins which are plugged in to a socket provided in the housing.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device having little dispersion of its electron emission characteristic and a suppressed “fluctuation” of its electron emission quantity is provided. The electron-emitting device includes a substrate equipped with a first portion containing silicon oxide and a second portion arranged abreast of the first portion and having a higher heat conductance, and an electroconductive film including a gap therein, the electroconductive film arranged on the substrate, wherein the first and the second portions having a resistance higher than that of the electroconductive film, and the gap is arranged on the first portion.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an infrared emitter made of an endless quartz glass body, wherein a reflector layer is deposited at least partially on the surface of the body made of quartz glass. The quartz body is divided into individual sections after application of the reflector layer. An infrared emitter is also provided.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp unit includes a projection lens disposed on an optical axis extending in a vehicular longitudinal direction; a light source disposed rearward of a rear side focal point of the projection lens; a reflector for reflecting direct light from the light source forward towards the optical axis; an additional reflector disposed between the projection lens and the light source; and a shade portion disposed on the front end edge of the upper surface of the additional reflector. The additional reflector includes a flat upper surface extending rearward along the optical axis from a front end edge positioned in the vicinity of the rear side focal point of the projection lens that reflects a part of the reflected light from the reflector towards the projection lens. The shade portion forms a cut-off line of a light distribution pattern by blocking a part of the reflected light from the reflector and a part of the direct light from the light source.

Abstract: An inorganic electroluminescence (“EL”) device includes a lower electrode; a dielectric layer disposed on the lower electrode; an inorganic emission layer disposed on the dielectric layer; an upper electrode disposed on the inorganic emission layer; a waveguide layer disposed on the upper electrode; and a reflection film partially coating the waveguide layer and including an emission portion through which light is emitted.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp unit includes a projection lens disposed on an optical axis extending in a vehicular longitudinal direction; a light source disposed rearward of a rear side focal point of the projection lens; a reflector reflecting direct light from the light source forward towards the optical axis; a shade disposed between the projection lens and the light source such that the shade blocks a part of reflected light from the reflector and a part of the direct light from the light source to form a cut-off line of a light distribution pattern; a first reflective surface formed on a tip portion of the reflector such that the first reflective surface reflects a part of the direct light from the light source downward to the front of the shade; and a second reflective surface formed on the front of the shade and below the rear side focal point of the projection lens such that the second reflective surface reflects reflected light from the first reflective surface towards the projection lens so that upward directed

Abstract: A lighting assembly has a light fixture with a light source and heatsink thermally coupled to the light source. The light source has a light engine with light emitting diodes. A lens is mounted to the light fixture over the light source. The lens is a clear or translucent material. A removable trim is mountable to the light fixture. The removable trim has a flange, recessed portion, and mounting rim. The recessed portion has a depth to reduce glare. The removable trim is formed using a stamping or die casting process. The flange has thermally conductive properties. The removable trim is a metal, thermally conductive plastic, or thermally conductive carbon fiber composite material. A screw is used to mount the removable trim to the light fixture. The light fixture and removable trim are mounted to a recessed can housing using a clip or spring.

Abstract: An EL device is presented which consists of a simple three active layer construction. A layer of a dielectric material, a traditional EL phosphor layer, and a quantum dot layer are present between an electrode and a transparent electrode. The EL device is operated efficiently by an AC source. Quantum dots which emit in the visible spectrum are used. The EL device is fully color tunable by altering the composition and thickness of the layers.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp unit includes a projection lens disposed on an optical axis extending in a vehicular longitudinal direction; a light source disposed rearward of a rear side focal point of the projection lens; a reflector reflecting direct light from the light source forward towards the optical axis; a shade disposed between the projection lens and the light source such that the shade blocks a part of reflected light from the reflector and a part of the direct light from the light source to form a cut-off line of a light distribution pattern; a first reflective surface formed on a tip portion of the reflector such that the first reflective surface reflects a part of the direct light from the light source downward to the front of the shade; and a second reflective surface formed on the front of the shade and below the rear side focal point of the projection lens such that the second reflective surface reflects reflected light from the first reflective surface towards the projection lens.

Abstract: An electrodeless or induction ceramic HID lamp includes a ceramic arc body having a generally spheroidal portion enclosing a discharge chamber and an induction coil received around a perimeter portion of the spheroidal portion. At least one leg extends from the spheroidal portion of the arc body. A mounting structure connects the arc body to the surrounding lamp assembly. In one arrangement, a mounting tube is received over at least a portion of the leg, and may further include a light transmissive shroud that also abuts with the induction coil to precisely locate the arc body relative to the coil. In another arrangement, first and second mounting members extend from spaced locations of the arc body, either as pins or legs extending from the spheroidal portion, or radially extending legs from an equatorial portion of the arc body.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel and a filter positioned in front of the plasma display panel. The filter includes a near infrared ray shielding layer that absorbs or reflects near infrared rays. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate, and a barrier rib, formed between the front and rear substrates, partitioning a discharge cell. An exhaust unit is omitted in the rear substrate. The discharge cell is filled with a discharge gas containing xenon (Xe) equal to or more than 10% based on total weight of the discharge gas.

Abstract: An encapsulation structure for a display device includes a sealing structure and a stabilization layer. The sealing structure is an essentially water/oxygen impermeable film which covers environmentally sensitive parts and protrusions on the display device. The stabilization layer covers the display device, protrusions on the display and the sealing structure with a scratch resistant protective layer, resulting in a water/oxygen impermeable and scratch resistant encapsulation structure.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having a discharge vessel (2) that comprises at least one bulb neck (21, 22), into which are fused a holding rod (6) extending into the discharge space (3) for an electrode (4, 5), a carrier part (10) on which at least one current-carrying element (9) is arranged, a support element (7) enclosing the holding rod (6) and a tube (13) enclosing the carrier part (10) with the current-carrying element. The tube (13) encloses the support element (7) over a partial length (L3) which is less than the total length (L) of the support element (7).

Abstract: A ceramic body electrodeless lamp and a method to produce the lamp are provided. In an example embodiment, the ceramic body electrodeless lamp may include an open tubular arm body, a filler rod formed to have an outer diameter sized to fit at least partially within an inner diameter of the open tubular arm body, and a frit material to form a seal between the open tubular arm body and the filler rod once the frit material is melted.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes: a light source; a diffusion member that diffuses light; and reflection means provided on a side opposite to the diffusion member with the light source interposed therebetween for reflecting light emitted from the light source toward the diffusion member, wherein the reflection means is formed by layering a plurality of optical components and the plurality of optical components are stopped by each other with stopper means.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for fabricating ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratio at low temperature, which is associated with semiconductor manufacturing process and a gate controlled field emission triode is obtained. The process comprises providing a semiconductor substrate, depositing a dielectric layer and a conducting layer, respectively, on the semiconductor substrate, defining the positions of emitter arrays on the dielectric layer and conducting layer, depositing an ultra thin ZnO film as a seeding layer on the substrate, growing the ZnO nanowires as the emitter arrays by using hydrothermal process, and etching the areas excluding the emitter arrays, then obtaining the gate controlled field emission triode.