Abstract: The synthesis of a carbon-based catalyst from sludge materials such as produced by the paper mill industry and the like is described wherein the treated material is subjected to processing including chemical activation with an appropriate metal-based activating agent, light and humidity treatment, and pyrolysis to result in a desired carbon-based catalyst.

Abstract: A fibril aggregate that includes a multiplicity of carbon fibrils whose longitudinal axes have substantially the same relative orientation, each of the fibrils characterized as having graphitic layers that are substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis and being free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat, and a method of preparing such aggregates.

Abstract: A composite catalyst which comprises a catalyst particle and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a porous or net-form cation-exchange resin and a porous or net-form hydrophobic polymer, wherein the resin and polymer exist on the surface of the catalyst particle.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: Carbon aerogels used as a binder for granularized materials, including other forms of carbon and metal additives, are cast onto carbon or metal fiber substrates to form composite carbon thin film sheets. The thin film sheets are utilized in electrochemical energy storage applications, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (aerocapacitors), lithium based battery insertion electrodes, fuel cell electrodes, and electrocapacitive deionization electrodes. The composite carbon foam may be formed by prior known processes, but with the solid particles being added during the liquid phase of the process, i.e. prior to gelation. The other forms of carbon may include carbon microspheres, carbon powder, carbon aerogel powder or particles, graphite carbons. Metal and/or carbon fibers may be added for increased conductivity. The choice of materials and fibers will depend on the electrolyte used and the relative trade off of system resistivity and power to system energy.

Abstract: Fluorinated chemical precursors, methods of manufacture, polymer thin films with low dielectric constants, and integrated circuits comprising primarily of sp2C—F and some hyperconjugated sp3C—F bonds are disclosed in this invention. Precursors are disclosed for creating fluorinated silanes and siloxanes, and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers. Thermal transport polymerization (TP), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), high density PECVD (HDPCVD), photon assisted CVD (PACVD), and plasma-photon assisted (PPE) CVD and PPETP of these chemicals provides thin films with low dielectric constants and high thermal stabilities for use in the manufacture of integrated circuits.

Abstract: An adsorptive monolith made by extruding a mixture of activated carbon, a ceramic forming material, a flux material, and water, drying the extruded monolith, and firing the dried monolith at a temperature and for a time period sufficient to react the ceramic material together and form a ceramic matrix. The extrudable mixture may also comprise a wet binder. The monolith has a shape with at least one passage therethrough and desirably has a plurality of passages therethrough to form a honeycomb. The monolith may be dried by vacuum drying, freeze drying, or control humidity drying. The monolith is useful for removing volatile organic compounds and other chemical agents such as ozone from fluid streams. Particularly useful applications include adsorptive filters for removing ozone from xerographic devices and other appropriate office machines and volatile organic compounds from automobile engine air intake systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst consisting of a metal of the VIII group supported on acid activated carbon functionalized with sulfonic groups, a process for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen which uses said catalyst and the use of the hydrogen peroxide solution in oxidation processes catalyzed by titanium-silicalite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a phosphorus treated activated carbon composition suitable for use as a catalyst support, a catalyst, and an adsorbent. The invention method involves treating (e., mixing or impregnating) an activated carbon material having a surface area greater than 100 m2/g with a phosphorus-containing compound, drying, and heating to a temperature of from 450° C. to about 1200° C., wherein the resulting composition is characterized by a phosphorus compound combined with the carbon in an amount of from above 2.5% to about 10% phosphorus, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for purifying a crude N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) containing color bodies or their precursors, the method comprising: a) forming a hot aqueous solution of the crude APAP; and b) subsequently contacting the hot solution with an acid washed adsorbent carbon, e.g., an activated carbon, which acid washed carbon, prior to such contact, has been pretreated by contacting it with an aqueous solution of a reducing sulfite.

Abstract: The process of the present invention is directed to the use of sulfuric acid and/or an organic acid to regenerate spent sorbent from a metal recovery process. The sorbent can be activated carbon.

Abstract: Process for the production of activated carbon, which comprises the stages of carbonizing the starting material and activating the carbonized material. Water and/or carbon dioxide in the supercritical state are employed, as activating agents, in the activation stage of the carbonized material.

Abstract: This invention concerns composite materials comprising a plurality of carbon fibrils in a matrix wherein the carbon fibrils are each characterized by a substantially constant diameter between about 3.5 to 70 nanometers and are substantially free of pyrolytically deposited thermal carbon.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a high-softening-point pitch rich in mesopores having a softening point measured by temperature gradient method of 150° C. or higher, a weight loss by heating up to 300° C. of 5 wt. % or less and mesopores of 100 mm3/g or greater, in terms of minute pore volume calculated by the Dollimore-Heal method, and a process for making carbonaceous materials carrying metal thereon are disclosed. The high-softening-point pitch rich in mesopores can easily provide carbonaceous material carrying metal thereon by using no oxidizing agent such as nitric acid, and, therefore, the high-softening-point pitch rich in mesopores is especially suitable for the production of carbonaceous materials carrying metal thereon or highly crystalline graphitized carbonaceous materials in a short heating time.

Abstract: A carbon supported solid catalyst suitable for the vapor phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ester, and ester-alcohol mixtures, and desirably, methanol, to produce carboxylic acid, esters and mixtures thereof. The solid supported catalyst includes an effective amount of iridium and gold associated with a solid carbon support, and a halogen promoter.

Abstract: This invention pertains to improved formulations of platinum--molybdenum alloys for use as anode catalysts. These electrocatalysts find utility as a constituent of gas diffusion electrodes for use in fuel cells that operate at less than 180.degree. C. or in applications whereupon hydrogen is oxidized in the presence of carbon monoxide or other platinum inhibiting substances. The new formulations derive unexpected activity through creating highly dispersed alloy particles of up to approximately 300 .ANG. on carbon supports. The desired activity is achieved by carefully controlling the platinum to molybdenum ratio during preparation and judiciously selecting a proper loading of alloy on the carbon support.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a carbon fibril aggregate and a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst supported therein, a process for performing a catalytic reaction in fluid phase using the supported catalyst and a process for making the supported catalyst are disclosed.

Abstract: An activated carbon catalyst having sulfur dispersed homogeneously thereon, the sulfur being chemically bonded to the activated carbon. A method of making the catalyst involves forming an intimate mixture of a synthetic carbon precursor and a sulfur-containing material, curing the carbon precursor, carbonizing the carbon precursor, activating the carbonized carbon precursor to produce an activated carbon catalyst having sulfur chemically bonded to the activated carbon and uniformly dispersed thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of molecular sieve compound and in particular, to a manufacturing method whereas crystalline aluminosilicate salt is formed in the pores of activated carbon and thereby possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic adsorption capacity, therefore the molecular sieve compound manufactured according to this present invention is in use for treatment agent of wastewater, deodorizing agent, antibacterial and disinfectant agent, adsorbent of organic matter and water, removal agent of harmful gas of cigarette, separable agent of air and many other applications.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the removal of sulfur oxides from gas or vapor media containing oxygen and H.sub.2 O by contacting the media with a catalytically-active carbonaceous char. The improvement is provided by the use of a catalytically-active carbonaceous char prepared by low-temperature carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous material at temperatures below 700.degree. C., followed by contact of the carbonized, oxidized char with one or more nitrogen-containing compounds at a temperature which is stable at, or is increasing to, temperatures less than 700.degree. C., and then increasing the temperature of the resultant material to or above 700.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly activated carbon particles derived from caustic digestion of rice hull ash obtained from thermal pyrolysis of rice hulls having an iodine number of at least 650 to 1000. The activated carbon pores are free of silicate residue from the caustic digestion. Also disclosed are methods of removing the silicate residue from the caustic silicate solution during digestion effective to substantially improve the activation of the carbon particles to commercial grade.

Abstract: Hydrogenation catalysts comprising metallic palladium supported on activated carbon, wherein less than 50% by weight of the palladium is comprised within a surface layer with a depth of up to 50 microns, the remainder being comprised in a layer between 50 and 400 microns deep. The catalysts can be used in particular in purifying terephthalic acid obtained by oxidation of p-xylene.

Abstract: Active carbon of which the pore size distribution as measured by a Cranston-Inkley method has a peak within each of ranges of from 10 to 20 .ANG. and from 20 to 100 .ANG..

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high power density double layer energy storage devices.

Abstract: A method for making an activated carbon-supported catalyst involves providing an inorganic support having a continuous coating of activated carbon, activated carbon being derived from a synthetic carbon precursor, introducing a catalyst precursor into the pore structure of the activated carbon, and thermally treating the catalyst precursor to form an activated carbon-supported catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an adsorbent comprising a densified carbon black. The densified carbon black comprising the adsorbent preferably has an increase in density of from about 100% to about 500% above the undensified form of the adsorbent. The densified carbon black adsorbent has an increase in adsorption capacity per unit volume over the undensified form of the adsorbent in excess of 100%. The densified carbon blacks are particularly useful as adsorbents for gases.

Abstract: A process for producing a molecular sieve carbon, which comprises subjecting a cured product obtained by curing a raw material thermosetting resin to heat oxidation; pulverizing the oxidized product formed after the heat oxidation treatment; granulating the resulting pulverized product; subjecting the resulting granule to carbonization; subjecting the carbonized charcoal obtained in the carbonizing step to heat treatment; and adjusting the pore size of the heat-treated carbonized charcoal.

Abstract: A plurality of processes for producing unique end products containing elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides on and in a carbon substrate, or mixtures of elemental metals or metal oxides in the absence of such a carbon substrate, all of which processes involve the preparation of a first-step intermediate product that is a carbonaceous material appearing to be non-graphitic by X-ray diffraction standards and containing metal and halogen, which intermediate product is made from graphite fluoride and an appropriate metal halide. Among the end products are aluminum oxide fibers, elemental iron fibers, magnetic carbon fibers containing either iron or an iron-nickel alloy, and carbon containing various metals in the form of elemental metal or oxides.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced by catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds in the gas phase. The catalyst includes palladium and lead on graphite or on a graphite-containing coke support. From 30 to 6000 equivalents of hydrogen for each equivalent of nitro groups are contacted with the catalyst during this process.

Abstract: A method for converting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to a lower boiling product is described which comprises suspending metal-impregnated carbonaceous particles in a reaction zone including hydrogen and the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock at hydrocracking conditions. The metal impregnated on the particles may be sulfided in the reaction zone. The impregnated particles are shown to be surprisingly selective catalysts, and anomalous ranges of particle size and concentration are identified. Methods for preparing the particles are additionally presented.

Abstract: An adsorptive monolith made by extruding a mixture of activated carbon, a ceramic forming material, a flux material, and water, drying the extruded monolith, and firing the dried monolith at a temperature and for a time period sufficient to react the ceramic material together and form a ceramic matrix. The extrudable mixture may also comprise a wet binder. The monolith has a shape with at least one passage therethrough and desirably has a plurality of passages therethrough to form a honeycomb. The monolith may be dried by vacuum drying, freeze drying, or control humidity drying. The monolith is useful for removing volatile organic compounds and other chemical agents such as ozone from fluid streams. Particularly useful applications include adsorptive filters for removing ozone from xerographic devices and other appropriate office machines and volatile organic compounds from automobile engine air intake systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are shell catalysts which contain, on powdered or shaped supports, one or more metals from groups VIII and IB of the Periodic Table of Elements. The catalysts are obtained by coating the support with the catalytically active metals in aqueous solutions of mono- or bimetallic colloids of these metals, wherein the colloids are stabilized by highly hydrophilic surfactants.

Abstract: A carbon-containing catalyst support is prepared by treating the carbon-containing catalyst support with a compound of the formula IM(OR).sub.m X.sub.n Iwhere M is Ti or Zr, X is Cl or Br, and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, and m and n are integers from zero to four, where the sum of m and n is equal to four.

Abstract: Products containing carbon fibrils having a morphology of vermicular tubes that are free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat and have graphitic layers, wherein the length of the projection of the graphitic layers on the fibril axis extends along the axis for a distance of at least two fibril diameters. The fibrils are used to form composites, adsorbents and mats.

Abstract: Extruded pellets comprising a majority of activated carbon particles and an inorganic binder are disclosed to provide improved performance when processed through tumbling equipment while the pellets are in their "green" state (i.e., pellets which are fresh off the extruder and contain activated carbon), binder material, and water and have not been subjected to any thermal processing (drying or calcining). The tumbling action both smooths and densifies (i.e., reduces interparticle voids within) the pellet, thereby closing any cracks and greatly improving appearance. Improved performance results from an ability to increase the weight of carbon pellets which can be packed into a fixed volume and thereby increase the volumetric working capacity of the bed for adsorbing/desorbing vapors. Another benefit is to greatly reduce the levels of dust associated with the carbon, both the initial dust and the dust attrition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rigid fine-celled foam composition and a method of producing it. The foam composition is nontoxic, environmentally friendly, has improved absorption/adsorption and retention of liquids, is not as hard as prior art foams, does not include polymerization by-products detrimental to flower and plant life, and is a foamed mixture of a caustic silicate solution derived from the caustic digestion of rice hull ash having diffused activated carbon particles from thermal pyrolysis of rice hulls rather than from commercial sodium silicate solutions. Valuable by-products of commodity grade are obtained including activated carbon and sodium fluoride.

Abstract: A surface hydrophobic active carbon is disclosed which has undergone a treatment with trimethyl chlorosilane and exhibits a silicon concentration on the surface thereof, Si.sub.2p /C.sub.1s, in the range of 0.005-0.03 as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a humidity for starting adsorption of water in the range of 45-60% as determined from the equilibrium adsorbed water content curve, and a method for the production of a surface hydrophobic active carbon is disclosed which comprises exposing active carbon to trimethyl chlorosilane, allowing the exposure to continue for a prescribed length of time, evacuating the ambience, thereby removing excess amount of trimethyl chlorosilane, and subsequently heating the active carbon under a vacuum.

Abstract: A naphtha or a middle distillate hydrocarbon is dehydroaromatized by hydrotreating in the presence of a catalyst containing non-noble Group VIII metal and Group VI-B metal on carbon.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of a carbonaceous char capable of catalyzing the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. This carbonaceous char is produced from a bituminous coal or a bituminous material that has been carbonized and extensively oxidized at low temperatures (less than 700.degree. C.). The resultant carbonized and oxidized bituminous coal or bituminous material is then contacted with a nitrogen-containing compound in combination with an aliphatic organic compound containing both ether and alcohol functionalities as the temperature of the low-temperature char is increased to minimally 700.degree. C. This treatment results in a high-temperature char which may then be activated as desired. These activated chars show the aforementioned ability to rapidly decompose aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide and are also useful for the catalytic chemical conversion of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x, chloramines, and/or peroxides in liquid and/or gaseous streams.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is brought into contact with activated carbon at a temperature of about 300.degree. to about 650.degree. C. and a pressure of about 0-1000 psig in the absence of added hydrogen to reduce the content of aromatic, sulfur and nitrogen compounds contained therein and to simultaneously lower the specific gravity thereof.

Abstract: An antidotal food product containing activated charcoal is provided for ingestion into the gastro-intestinal tract of a user. The antidotal food product is orally administered having the visual appearance and physical properties which enables the desire on the part of young children to chew and ingest the food product. The food product in a preferred embodiment includes a substantially dry friable wafer which is adapted to be chewed by the user for ingestion. The dry friable wafer has a wafer mixture composition formed by blending a first predetermined weight of sorbent particulate composition having an initial adsorption value with respect to a toxin to a second predetermined weight of a substantially non-interfering flavored binding composition which provides for a creamy and sweet tasting food product.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus using a fluidized bed type adsorbing tower for manufacturing a TEDA-impregnated active carbon which is used for removing toxic materials from a fluid. A base active carbon is dried to remove the water component, and the dried active carbon is filled into the fluidizing type adsorbing tower and to above a sieve plate. A TEDA reagent is injected into a TEDA vapor generating vessel. A heated air is supplied into the TEDA vapor generating vessel so as to generate a TEDA vapor mixed with the heated air. The heated air mixed with the TEDA vapor is supplied into the lower portion of the fluidized bed type adsorbing tower so as to make the base active carbon fluidized. Thus the TEDA vapor is impregnated into the active carbon within the fluidized carbon bed.

Abstract: This invention relates to activated charcoal granule compositions which can be dry spread and "watered-in" to a site to reduce undesirable biological activity of deleterious organic compounds. When wet, these granules disperse very rapidly with a large dispersion area to original granule diameter ratio. The granules have high loadings of charcoal, i.e., from about 60 to about 95 weight percent and contain from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of a surfactant system which exhibits excellent dispersing; rewetting; and binding properties.

Abstract: Extruded pellets comprising a majority of activated carbon particles and an organic binder provide improved performance when processed through tumbling equipment while the pellets are in their "green" state, i.e., pellets which are fresh off the extruder and contain activated carbon, binder, and water and have not been subjected to any thermal processing (drying). The tumbling action both smoothes the pellets (by closing any cracks and greatly improving appearance) and increases the density of the packed bed, e.g., by increasing particle density and reducing voids between the pellets. Improved performance results from an ability to increase the weight of carbon pellets which can be packed into a fixed volume and thereby increase the volumetric working capacity of the bed for adsorbing/desorbing vapors. Another benefit is to greatly reduce the levels of dust associated with the carbon, both the initial dust and the dust attrition.

Abstract: A fibril aggregate that includes a multiplicity of carbon fibrils whose longitudinal axes have substantially the same relative orientation, each of the fibrils characterized as having graphitic layers that are substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis and being free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat, and a method of preparing such aggregates.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition of matter is disclosed comprising a mixture of: (a) a first activated carbon having a plurality of pore sizes, pore volumes and pore surface areas sufficient to selectively adsorb fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 4,000 Angstroms; and (b) a second activated carbon having a plurality of pore sizes, pore volumes, and pore surface areas to selectively adsorb fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 4,000 Angstroms. The pore size distribution of pores in the second activated carbon that adsorbs fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 15 Angstroms is greater than that of the first activated carbon. The second activated carbon is present in an amount sufficient to provide a methane working capacity of the mixture greater than the methane working capacity of the first activated carbon.

Abstract: A method for producing catalysts from coal is provided comprising mixing an aqueous alkali solution with the coal, heating the aqueous mixture to treat the coal, drying the now-heated aqueous mixture, reheating the mixture to form carbonized material, cooling the mixture, removing excess alkali from the carbonized material, and recovering the carbonized material, wherein the entire process is carried out in controlled atmospheres, and the carbonized material is a hydrocracking or hydrodehalogenation catalyst for liquid phase reactions. The invention also provides for a one-step method for producing catalysts from coal comprising mixing an aqueous alkali solution with the coal to create a mixture, heating the aqueous mixture from an ambient temperature to a predetermined temperature at a predetermined rate, cooling the mixture, and washing the mixture to remove excess alkali from the treated and carbonized material, wherein the entire process is carried out in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: Treatment of a wet activated carbon with carbon dioxide or with carbon dioxide followed by air results in a carbon having a reduced contact pH. The activated carbon is characterized by a modified contact pH less than about 9.0 and typically between about 7.3 and 9.0. Use of this carbon in a water treatment system eliminates the excessive effluent water pH rise which commonly occurs with activated carbon.

Abstract: A volume of carbon fibrils that includes a multiplicity of fibrils having a morphology consisting of vermicular tubes that are free of a continuous thermal carbon overcoat and have graphite layers that are substantially parallel to the fibril axis and a process for preparing such fibrils.

Abstract: Extruded pellets comprising a majority of activated carbon particles and a minority of a binder material are disclosed to provide improved performance when processed through tumbling equipment while the pellets are in their "green" state (i.e., pellets which are fresh off the extruder and contain activated carbon), binder material, and water and have not been subjected to any thermal processing (drying or calcining). The tumbling action both smooths and densifies (i.e., reduces void volume within) the pellet, thereby closing any cracks and greatly improving appearance. Improved performance results from an ability to increase the weight of carbon pellets which can be packed into a fixed volume and thereby increase the volumetric working capacity of the bed for adsorbing/desorbing vapors. Another benefit is to greatly reduce the levels of dust associated with the carbon, both the initial dust and the dust attrition.