Abstract: A process for regenerating one or more deactivated cobalt comprising Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particle(s), comprising the steps of: (i) oxidizing the catalyst particle(s) at a temperature between 20 and 400° C.; (ii) treating the catalyst particle(s) for more than 5 minutes, (iii) drying the catalyst particle(s); and (iv) optionally reducing the catalyst particle(s) with hydrogen or a hydrogen comprising gas. This process may be preceded by a step in which Fischer-Tropsch product is removed from the catalyst particle(s). The treatment is performed using carbon dioxide and a liquid comprising ammonia.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a regenerated hydrotreating catalyst by regenerating a spent hydrotreating catalyst in a prescribed temperature range, wherein the prescribed temperature range is a temperature range of T1?30° C. or more and T2+30° C. or less, as determined by subjecting the spent hydrotreating catalyst to a differential thermal analysis, converting a differential heat in a measuring temperature range of 100° C. or more and 600° C. or less to a difference in electromotive force, differentiating the converted value twice by temperature to provide a smallest extreme value and a second smallest extreme value, and representing a temperature corresponding to the extreme value on the lower-temperature side as T1 and a temperature corresponding to the extreme value on the higher-temperature side as T2.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a promoted VPO catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and wherein the catalyst is promoted with at least one of niobium, cobalt, iron, zinc, molybdenum or titanium, said process comprising the steps of (i) preparing a VPO catalyst comprising vanadyl pyrophosphate as the major component and containing less than 5 wt % of vanadyl phosphate, (ii) contacting the VPO catalyst with a solution comprising a metal source compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium, cobalt, iron, zinc, molybdenum or titanium to form a metal impregnated VPO catalyst, and (iii) drying the metal impregnated VPO catalyst to form the promoted VPO catalyst. In one embodiment, a niobium promoted VPO catalyst is prepared.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating gaseous emission pollutants from a scrubber by using a narrow band of UV light energy emitted from an LED light source. The method includes sweeping the evolved gas away from the flow of liquid containing the pollutant using a non-reactive gas. The pollutant can be CO2, NOx, SOx, or other pollutants. The method can operate on multiple pollutants the gas stream, using different banks of LEDs, specifically tuned for a certain pollutant.

Abstract: Processes for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts include the transportation of a modular, portable catalyst activation and/or regeneration unit to Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate production units. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a production unit at a catalyst treatment facility. An alternative process for activating and/or regenerating Fischer-Tropsch and/or oxygenate synthesis catalysts includes activating and/or regenerating the catalyst in a synthesis reactor at a catalyst treatment facility.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for mixing spent catalyst and recycled regenerated catalyst in a regenerator vessel. Mixing is conducted in a confined space to which catalyst is delivered from catalyst conduits protruding through the wall of the regenerator.

Abstract: A method for producing a regenerated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst obtained by regenerating a spent catalyst used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, comprising a steaming step of bringing the above spent catalyst into contact with a mixed gas comprising 1 to 30% by volume of steam and an inert gas at a pressure of atmospheric pressure to 5 MPa and a temperature of 150 to 350° C., the above spent catalyst being a spent catalyst in which cobalt and/or ruthenium is supported on a carrier comprising silica with an average pore diameter measured by a nitrogen adsorption method of 4 to 25 nm, and of which activity represented by an initial carbon monoxide conversion is 40 to 95%, based on the activity of a corresponding unused catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing an activated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst comprising a hydrogen reduction step of subjecting a catalyst comprising 3 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass, as a metal atom, of a cobalt compound and/or a ruthenium compound, based on 100 parts by mass of a carrier containing a porous inorganic oxide, supported on the carrier, to reduction in a gas containing molecular hydrogen at a temperature of 300° C. to 600° C.; and a CO reduction step of subjecting the catalyst to reduction in a gas containing carbon monoxide and containing no molecular hydrogen at a temperature of 200° C. to 400° C.

Abstract: This invention describes a two-stage regeneration zone that has a regenerated catalyst circuit such as the one that results from the mixing of a partially regenerated catalyst with a residual coke rate of between 0.3 and 0.7% and a totally regenerated catalyst with a coke rate that is less than 0.15%. All things being equal, this double-population regenerated catalyst enables the maximization of the LCO yield.

Abstract: A process for providing a blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler in a continuous catalyst regeneration system. The process includes removing a first effluent stream from a regeneration tower, providing the first effluent stream to a regeneration cooler; providing a first air stream to the regeneration cooler to form a heated first air stream, combining at least a portion of the heated first air stream with a second air stream to form a blended cooling air stream, and providing the blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler.

Abstract: A method of preparing a spray dried catalyst by combining spray dried catalyst particles with wax so the spray dried catalyst particles are coated with wax, yielding wax coated catalyst particles, and shaping the wax coated catalyst to provide shaped wax coated catalyst. A method of activating Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles containing oxides by contacting the catalyst particles with a reducing gas in an activation vessel to produce an activated catalyst, wherein contacting is performed in the absence of a liquid medium under activation conditions. A system for activating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing an activation reactor configured to introduce an activation gas to a fixed or fluidized bed of the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in the absence of a liquid medium and at least one separation device configured to separate a gas stream comprising entrained catalyst fines having an average particle size below a desired cutoff size from the activation reactor.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent ionic liquid catalyst including (a) applying a voltage across one or more pairs of electrodes immersed in a spent ionic liquid catalyst comprising conjunct polymer-metal halide complexes to provide freed conjunct polymers and a regenerated ionic liquid catalyst; and (b) separating the freed conjunct polymers from the regenerated ionic liquid catalyst is described. An alkylation process incorporating the regeneration process is also described.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.

Abstract: Provided are improved regenerable SOx trap formulations for on-board vehicle applications. The regenerable sulfur trap formulations reduce the rate of sulfur poisoning of a downstream nitrogen storage reduction (NSR) catalyst trap in exhaust gas cleaning systems for combustion engines by adsorbing SOx as metal sulfate under lean exhaust conditions and desorbing the accumulated SOx under rich exhaust conditions. The regenerable sulfur oxides trap catalyst compositions include a metal (M) oxide, wherein M is selected from Cu, Fe, Mn, Ag, Co and combinations thereof and a metal (M)-La—Zr oxide, wherein M is selected from Cu, Fe, Mn, Ag, Co and combinations thereof. In addition, provided are improved exhaust gas cleaning systems and methods for treating exhaust gas from a combustion source that include a hydrogen generation system, a regenerable sulfur oxides trap, and a regenerable nitrogen storage reduction (NSR) catalyst trap.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a used acidic catalyst which has been deactivated by conjunct polymers by removing the conjunct polymers so as to increase the activity of the catalyst is disclosed. Methods for removing the conjunct polymers include addition of a basic reagent and alkylation. The methods are applicable to all acidic catalysts and are described with reference to certain ionic liquid catalysts.

Abstract: A composition of a value added RFCC catalyst and a process of preparation of a composition for a dual function additive catalyst from a spent catalyst are disclosed. The value added spent FCC catalyst offers improved performance, options such as either employing as an additive for passivation of both vanadium and nickel and enhancing catalytic activity, for initial start-up or make-up for attrition losses. The value addition process does not harm any of physical properties of starting material with respect to ABD, attrition index, surface area and particle size distribution. Value added catalyst can be used in a range from 1-99 wt % in fluid catalytic cracking process in which, feeds may have higher metals and carbon.

Abstract: A process for regenerating one or more deactivated cobalt comprising Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particle(s), comprising the steps of: (i) oxidizing the catalyst particle(s) at a temperature between 20 and 400° C.; (ii) treating the catalyst particle(s) for more than 5 minutes with a solvent, which solvent comprises an amine, (iii) drying the catalyst particle(s); and (iv) optionally reducing the catalyst particle(s) with hydrogen or a hydrogen comprising gas. This process may be preceded by a step in which Fischer-Tropsch product is removed from the catalyst particle(s).

Abstract: A substrate monolith 6 having a length L and comprising a first zone 11 of substantially uniform length defined at one end by a first end of the substrate monolith, which first zone comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst for reducing oxides of nitrogen with a nitrogenous reductant in exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine and a second zone 8 of substantially uniform length less than L defined at one end by a second end of the substrate monolith, which second zone comprising (a) at least one particulate metal oxide or a mixture of any two or more thereof for trapping gas phase platinum group metal (PGM), which at least one particulate metal oxide does not act as a support for any other catalytic component; or (b) a component capable of trapping and/or alloying with gas phase PGM.

Abstract: A method of screening catalysts for liquid-phase selective hydrogenation by preparing a test catalyst by adding a promoter to a reference catalyst; preparing a liquid reactant stream comprising C2H2 dissolved in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; testing the test and reference catalysts by contacting the reactant stream and gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide in continuous flow with the test catalyst and reference catalyst, respectively, at selective hydrogenation reaction conditions to produce a product stream, condensing substantially all of the n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone from the product stream; measuring the concentrations of products comprising C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 in the product stream at steady state; determining performance parameters for the test catalyst and the reference catalyst comprising the respective C2H2 conversion Sc and C2H4 selectivity relative to C2H6 Ss; and comparing the test catalyst performance parameters to those for the reference catalyst.

Abstract: Processes are disclosure which comprise alternately contacting an oxygen-carrying catalyst with a reducing substance, or a lower partial pressure of an oxidizing gas, and then with the oxidizing gas or a higher partial pressure of the oxidizing gas, whereby the catalyst is alternately reduced and then regenerated to an oxygenated state. In certain embodiments, the oxygen-carrying catalyst comprises at least one metal oxide-containing material containing a composition having the following formulas: (a) CexByB?zB?O?, wherein B=Ba, Sr, Ca, or Zr; B?=Mn, Co, and/or Fe; B?=Cu; 0.01<x<0.99; 0<y<0.6; 0<z<0.5; (b) Ce1-x-yNixByO2-*, wherein B=Zr, Ba, Ca, La, or K; 0.02<x<0.1; 0<y<0.1; and 0.02<*<0.15; and 1<?<2.2 and (c) coal ash either as a catalyst material itself or as a support for said unary or binary metal oxides.

Abstract: The invention relates to auxiliary systems ensuring functioning of alkaline fuel cell (AFC), in particular to a method and device for sorptive purification of air used in an AFC of carbon dioxide. In accordance with the invention, in the method for purifying air for a fuel cell, the starting air is passed through an adsorber with an adsorbent of carbon dioxide, then the adsorbent is regenerated. After utilization the adsorbent comprising hydrated oxides of transition metals is regenerated at a temperature of 60-120° C. by the air spent in the fuel cell.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for treating a hydrocarbon stream having one or more compounds with a boiling point of about 140° to about 450° C. The apparatus can include an extraction zone and a regeneration zone. The extraction zone can include at least one settler. Each settler can have a height and a length. Typically the length is greater than the height. Also, the settler can form a boot, which can be adapted to receive a feed at one end. The regeneration zone may include a regenerator for an ionic liquid. The regenerator can include a column adapted to provide a regenerated ionic liquid to the extraction zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the regeneration of a catalyst comprising at least one metal from Group VIII and at least one metal from Group VIB which are deposited on a refractory oxide support, comprising: at least one first step of heat treatment of the catalyst in the presence of oxygen and at a temperature ranging from 350° C. to 550° C.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for regenerating a deactivated reforming catalyst by circulating a first oxygen-containing gas stream from a gas compressor to a catalyst bed in a reforming reaction zone in order to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous deposits on the reforming catalyst. Then, a second oxygen-containing gas stream is further circulated from the gas compressor to the reforming catalyst bed, for oxidizing the reforming catalyst, and an inert gas stream is passed from the gas compressor through the reforming catalyst bed to purge a substantial portion of the oxygen contained therein for a time sufficient to reduce the oxygen content of an exiting purge gas stream to less than about 2% by volume oxygen.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a complex oxide catalyst which exhibits superior catalytic activity in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, particularly in production of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process is characterized by the steps of preparing an aqueous slurry by mixing a complex oxide containing molybdenum and cobalt with an acid and water; drying the aqueous slurry; and calcining the resulting dried solid. Preferably, the complex oxide is obtained as follows: a molybdenum- and cobalt-containing complex oxide catalyst which has been used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction is mixed with an aqueous extracting solution obtained by dissolving at least one of ammonia and an organic base in water, to thereby extract molybdenum and cobalt into the aqueous phase; and the aqueous phase is dried and is then calcined under an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas.

Abstract: Processes for the alcoholysis, inclusive of transesterification and/or disproportionation, of reactants are disclosed. The alcoholysis process may include feeding reactants and a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound to a reactor comprising a solid alcoholysis catalyst, wherein the soluble organometallic compound and the solid alcoholysis catalyst each independently comprise a Group II to Group VI element, which may be the same element in various embodiments. As an example, diphenyl carbonate may be continuously produced by performing transesterification over a solid catalyst followed by disproportionation, where a trace amount of soluble organometallic compound is fed to the transesterification reactor.

Abstract: An improved spent catalyst regenerator which contains sub-troughs branching off from the main trough, distribution troughs which extend outward from the sides of the main trough and the sub-troughs, and downflow tubes extending downward from the bottom of the main trough and sub-troughs.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing catalyst, such as chromium catalysts, are provided. The valence of at least a portion of the catalyst sent to an activator is changed from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The catalyst is prepared or activated continuously using a fluidization bed catalyst activator.

Abstract: A process for catalyst regeneration is presented. The process regenerates a catalyst in a paraffin dehydrogenation process, where the reaction is endothermic. The regeneration process provides the heat for the process through heating the catalyst and removes the need for a charge heater to the dehydrogenation reactor, which in turn eliminates high temperature thermal residence time which eliminates thermal cracking of the feed and improves the overall product selectivity. In addition, plot area, equipment costs and operating complexity are reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for generating gaseous hydrocarbon fuel from a carbon based synthesis gas including a reaction chamber having a rotating shaft including a plurality of radial blades mixing and circulating carbon based synthesis gas and particulate catalyst upwardly generating gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, a stripping chamber located above the reaction chamber having a second axial rotating shaft including a plurality of radial blades driving hydrocarbon fuel radially outwardly, a source of hot stripping gas, an annular filter surrounding the stripping chamber and an annular gas collection chamber surrounding the filter. The blades in the stripping chamber are rotated independently at a greater velocity than the blades in the reaction chamber and the reaction is controlled by the temperature of the synthesis gas and the rotational velocity of the mixing blades in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A regenerated spent hydroprocessing catalyst treated with a chelating agent and having incorporated therein a polar additive.

Abstract: The invention describes methods of welding onto laminated devices using a low temperature welding process. Also described are laminated devices with welds that do not disrupt a brazed core block of sheets in the laminated devices. Novel laminated devices with welded features for servicing the devices are also described.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment method is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal. The method includes sensing a system parameter related to carbon loading of a catalyst, producing a signal corresponding to the system parameter and sending the signal to a controller; and controlling a dosing of a reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: A highly effective and regenerable method, system and device that enables the desulfurization of warm fuel gases by passing these warm gasses over metal-based sorbents arranged in a mesoporous substrate. This technology will protect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts and other sulfur sensitive catalysts, without drastic cooling of the fuel gases. This invention can be utilized in a process either alone or alongside other separation processes, and allows the total sulfur in such a gas to be reduced to less than 500 ppb and in some instances as low as 50 ppb.

Abstract: Methods for hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks, including hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, using rejuvenated supported metallic catalysts are provided. The supported metallic catalysts comprised of a Group VIII metal, a Group VIB metal, are rejuvenated by a process making use of these metals, an organic complexing agent, and optionally an organic additive. The rejuvenation includes stripping and regeneration of a spent or partially spent catalyst, followed by impregnation with metals and at least one organic compound. The impregnated, regenerated catalysts are dried, calcined, and sulfided.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system is provided. Method of increasing activation of NOx reduction catalyst using two or more reductant is discussed. The exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust source, a reductant source, a nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction catalyst, a sensor, and a controller. The reductant source includes a first reductant and second reductant, and is disposed to inject a reductant stream into an exhaust stream from the exhaust source. The NOx catalyst is disposed to receive both the exhaust stream and reductant stream. The sensor is disposed to sense a system parameter related to carbon loading of the catalyst and produce a signal corresponding to the system parameter. The controller is disposed to receive the signal and to control dosing of the reductant stream based at least in part on the signal.

Abstract: A method for regenerating an adsorber or absorber on board a submarine, wherein the adsorber or absorber is present in the interior of the submarine for binding metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases, and wherein the metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases are transferred outboard via a compressor. The thermal energy for regenerating the adsorber or absorber is generated by burning a hydrocarbonaceous energy carrier with oxygen, wherein at least one combustion product, together with the metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases, is transferred outboard via the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to certain catalyst compositions and processes that are capable of reducing sulfur compounds normally found as part of the gasoline fraction streams of fluid catalytic cracking processes. The present invention is a cracking catalyst composition comprising a zeolite in combination with a Lewis Acid containing component, wherein the cracking catalyst composition comprises 0.2% Na2O or less. It has been found that sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon feeds to fluid catalytic cracking processes can be reduced by at least 15% compared to the same composition, which does not comprise the aforementioned Lewis Acid containing component.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream, such as a stream of raw natural gas. The contaminated hydrocarbon stream is passed through a first adsorbent bed containing molecular sieves to adsorb contaminants on the molecular sieves, thereby removing at least some of the contaminants from the hydrocarbon stream. The contaminated hydrocarbon stream may optionally be passed through a second adsorbent bed containing a desiccant material other than molecular sieves. The molecular sieves are regenerated using a wet regeneration process in which both the water content and temperature of the regeneration fluid stream are staged.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator.

Abstract: A spray can product capable of preventing leakage where used or stored in a tilted or an inverted position, and keeping good safety and liquid retention even where a flammable liquefied gas is used. The spray can product is formed by filling a spray can having an ejection opening with a liquefied gas and an absorbing body for retaining liquid, and the absorbing body is composed of an assembly of cellulose fibers containing at least 45 mass % of fine cellulose fibers having a fiber length of 0.35 mm or less. The absorbing body compressed into a block-shaped configuration corresponding to that of the spray can is accommodated within the spray can while defining a space on the side of an ejection opening, and a lid-like member is provided between the space and the absorbing body to protect a surface of the absorbing body in a gas permeable manner.

Abstract: Provided is a process for safely transporting or recycling an ionic liquid catalyst based on chloroaluminates. The process comprises mixing a secondary alcohol with an ionic liquid based on a chloroaluminate and allowing a reaction to occur forming an aluminum chloride adduct precipitate. The precipitate is filtered and the secondary alcohol removed, leaving a solid salt. This solid salt is the ionic liquid catalyst absent aluminum chloride, for example, Nbutylpyridinium chloride. This salt is recycled to the reactor. AlCl3 is added to the salt prior to introduction into the reactor to remake the ionic liquid catalyst, for example, Nbutylpyridinium heptachloroaluminate.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed from decant oil, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a reduced nitrogen content within the coke so that the coke particles do not experience as much puffing during the formation of graphitized carbon articles produced from such coke upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: Systems and methods that facilitate operating proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are provided. The methods can involve contacting a reducing agent comprising a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, or a reducing plasma with a cathode catalyst of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to reduce the cathode catalyst. The systems employ a fuel supply component that supplies fuel to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; and a regeneration component that provides a reducing agent comprising a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, or a reducing plasma to a cathode catalyst of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to reduce the cathode catalyst.

Abstract: New methods for activating chromium catalysts for polymerization processes decrease the amount of time required for activation and increase catalyst activity. Rapid heating to a first temperature is followed by a first hold period before heating to a higher second temperature and maintaining the second temperature for a second hold period. In one aspect, the overall activation process takes less than 10 hours.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for facilitating a transfer of a metal catalyst component from at least one donor particle to at least one recipient particle in a catalytic naphtha reforming unit. The process can include transferring an effective amount of the metal catalyst component from the at least one donor particle to the at least one recipient particle under conditions to effect such transfer to improve a conversion of a hydrocarbon feed.