Abstract: Waste nylon 6 and/or nylon 6,6 are treated with aliphatic monocarboxylic acid to depolymerize the polymer to desirable monomer.

Abstract: Useful monomeric products are obtained in the reaction of nylon 6,6 with ammonia. Increased yield of monomer products from nylon 6,6 is obtained from ammonolysis when a mixture with nylon 6 is employed.

Abstract: Butanetetracarboxylic acid with acceptably low levels of color-causing contaminants, suitable for permanent press agent use, is prepared in high conversion and yield from tetraalkyl butanetetracarboxylates by a series of steps including purification of precursor material, hydrolysis with high concentration of acid catalyst, and oxidative purification of product.

Abstract: Six carbon diacids or lactones or 5 carbon lactones or 6 carbon diacid anhydrides or branched mono-olefinic five carbon acids are converted (isomerized) to adipic acid or pentenoic acids by reacting them is the presence of carbon monoxide and a iodide promoted iridium catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing mono-condensation derivatives of adipic acid with fewer steps and better purity is disclosed. In particular, this process comprises: (a) forming relatively concentrated and pure cyclic monomeric adipic anhydride by depolymerization and concentration starting from polymeric adipic anhydride; and (b) adding a condensation reactant having an active hydrogen, e.g., a primary or secondary amine, to said cyclic monomeric adipic anhydride to form the corresponding mono-condensation derivative of adipic acid.

Abstract: Novel carbonyl containing compositions are prepared by contacting, in the presence of a free radical initiator, a first compound selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, substituted saturated hydrocarbons, polymers and mixtures thereof with a carbonyl containing compound or mixtures thereof having the structure: ##STR1## where X and Y are independently selected from OH, OR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 and R.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected independently from the group consisting of aryl radicals or alkyl radicals of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides a class of water-soluble probucol derivatives having one or more ester groups replacing the phenyl hydroxyl groups of the probucol molecule. Some derivatives have polar or charged functionalities such as carboxylic acid groups, amino groups, aldehyde groups and amide groups located on the ester groups. Some of these compounds are spontaneously hydrolyzable in typical biological milieus. The present invention also provides method of treating an animal with probucol by administering a water-soluble probucol prodrug to the animal.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compounds of structural formula (I): ##STR1## and compositions and methods of treatment utilizing these compounds to inhibit farnesyl protein transferase and farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing sulfonic acid groups supported on an inert carrier having a hydrophobic surface with a mean pore diameter of at least 1000 .ANG.. Use of this catalyst provides improved hydrocarbon conversion processes for oligomerization of olefins, hydration of olefins and hydrolysis of esters.

Abstract: A malonic monoester is prepared in a good yield by a single step reaction by reacting malonic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a base and an activator of malonic acid selected from the group consisting of an acyl halide or halocarbonate and an acid anhydride or dicarbonate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers which contain monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids as copolymerized monomer units, which comprises copolymerizinga) 10 to 60% by weight, based on the sum of the monomers, of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, -or an alkali metal salt thereof or, an anhydride thereof,b) 90 to 40% by weight of a monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkali metal salt thereof andc) 0 to 20% by weight of another monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, not having carboxyl groups and which is copolymerizable with a) and b);in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on monomers, of a water-soluble initiator.

Abstract: A process for economically producing highly purified succinic acid comprises growing a succinate-producing microorganism on a low cost carbohydrate substrate; simultaneously neutralizing the fermentation broth and precipitating the succinate as calcium succinate by adding a calcium ion source to form calcium succinate; isolating the calcium succinate; slurrying the calcium succinate in water and treating it with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate and succinic acid; and then treating the succinic acid with first a strongly acidic ion exchanger and then a weakly basic ion exchanger to remove impurities and obtain a highly purified succinic acid product. In a preferred embodiment, the calcium succinate is isolated from the fermentation broth by filtration; the filtrate is heated to precipitate additional calcium succinate; and, the spent filtrate which contains nutrients is recycled to the fermentor.

Abstract: A method of producing succinic acid comprises growing a succinate producing microorganism in medium containing sodium ions an assimilable carbohydrate, other required nutrients and dissolved carbon dioxide at pH of about 5.8 to about 6.4. The succinic acid can be isolated from the fermentation broth if it is present in high enough concentrations by maintaining the pH at about 5.8 to about 6.4 and adding calcium hydroxide so that calcium succinate precipitates.

Abstract: A process for producing and purifying succinic acid comprises growing a succinate salt-producing microorganism on an inexpensive substrate containing carbohydrate, other nutrients, sodium ions and tryptophan under a CO.sub.2 partial pressure until most of the carbohydrate is converted to succinate. The fermentation broth is then electrodialyzed to recover and concentrate the succinate salt in an aqueous stream which is subjected to water-splitting electrodialysis to form base and a succinic acid product. The resulting succinc acid product is treated first with a strongly acidic ion exchanger in the acid form to remove any sodium or other cations and then treated with a weakly basic ion exchanger in the free base form to remove any sulfate ions or sulfuric acid and to obtain a highly purified succinic acid product.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods for preparing in high purity and in high yield p-phenyl sulfonic acid acyl glycolates of the formula ##STR1## where R represents branched or straight chain alkyl having 6-12 carbon atoms by treating a phenyl ester or phenyl acyl glycolate of the formula ##STR2## where R represents branched or straight chain alkyl having 6-12 carbon atoms with a sulfonating agent to form intermediate sulfonation; transmuting the intermediate sulfonation products; and quenching the transmuted intermediate sulfonation products with a quenching reagent reactive with sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: Novel copolymers of unsaturated acidic reactants and high molecular weight olefins wherein at least 20 percent of the total high molecular weight olefin comprises the alkylvinylidene isomer are useful as dispersants in lubricating oils and fuels and also may be used to prepare polysuccinimides and other post-treated additives useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Oligomers and addition products obtained from the reaction of a saturated or olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, alcohol, ether, or ester with a substituted or unsubstituted acetic anhydride in the presence of a Mn compound, and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Epoxides are prepared by reaction of compounds containing olefinic unsaturation, for example .alpha.-olefins, terpenes and steroids, with an aliphatic diperoxydicarboxylic acid. The diperoxydicarboxylic acid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms and suitably at least 6 carbon atoms. The process gives a good epoxidation process and does not give rise to byproduct formation.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are --COOR.sup.4, --COOR.sup.5, and --COOR.sup.6, respectively; R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or alkali metal; W is hydroxyl; X, Y, and Z each is hydrogen or hydroxyl; a dotted line indicates the presence or absence of a single bond; or where W/R.sup.3, X/R.sup.1, and/or Z/R.sup.3 may be combined together, a lactone is formed, which compound is useful as a phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitor. Process for the production of the compound (I) and a cell culture of a microorganism Circinotrichum falcatisporum RF-641 producing the same are also provided.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystal modification of magnesium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate (hereinunder referred to as ".beta.-type crystal") which is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern having strong peaks at angles of diffraction of (2.theta.) [.degree.] 4.5, 8.9 and 13.3 according to X-ray diffractometry with Cu-K.alpha. line, and a process for producing the .beta.-type crystal modification of magnesium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate comprising the step of reacting a water-soluble magnesium salt with an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate. This process facilitates the production of the .beta.-type crystal modification having a higher purity than a known .alpha.-type crystal modification. The .beta.-type crystal is a very useful intermediate as a starting material of pharmaceutical.

Abstract: .beta., .gamma.-Unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g., 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, are selectively prepared by carbonylating (with carbon monoxide) an allyl alcohol, e.g., a butenediol, at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a palladium-based catalyst and at least one quaternary onium chloride of one of the Group VB elements nitrogen or phosphorus, such element being tetracoordinated via carbon atoms and with the proviso that such nitrogen atom may be coordinated to two pentavalent phosphorus atoms.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention includes the novel compound having the formula:Ca.sub.2 (OOC--CH.sub.2 --COHCOO-CH.sub.2 COO)(CH.sub.3 CHOH-COO)In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for the treatment of a calcium related pathology. The inventive method includes the steps of providing a pharmaceutically acceptable composition, including as the active principle the compound dicalcium citrate-lactate, and administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of said pharmaceutically acceptable composition.In yet another aspect of the present invention, a process is provided for producing the compound dicalcium citrate-lactate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a low sediment method of producing oleaginous compositions containing copper salts of the product of a polyolefin having a numerical average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of at least 600 which has been substituted with an average of at least 0.5 dicarboxylic acid anhydride moiety per polyolefin molecule, wherein the polyolefin-substituted dicarboxylic acid anhydride is contacted with a water-soluble copper reactant in the presence of at least 1,000 wt. % above the amount theoretically required to hydrolyze the polyolefin-substituted dicarboxylic acid anhydride material charged) and in the presence of a solvent for the polyolefin-substituted dicarboxylic acid anhydride material charged. The resulting copper salt products, and amine derivatives thereof, are useful in lubricating oils as additives, e.g., as antioxidant lube oil additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pentanedioic acid derivatives. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and to the use of such compounds and compositions as hypolipidemic drugs.

Abstract: A process for oxidation of a tetrahydro compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' independently are H, alkyl, aryl or halo, to a glycol of the formula ##STR2## comprises treating the tetrahydro compound with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature in the absence of a catalyst.The thus-formed glycol can be further oxidized in a butanetetracarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR3## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a manganese salt, an iron salt, a chromium salt, a cerium salt, a persulfate, a perborate, a silicate, tungstic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof, or molybdic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl malonates by carbonylation of chloroacetate in the presence of a carbonyl source, a carbonylation catalyst, such as chromium carbonyl and an aliphatic alcohol, this reaction being carried out in a two-phase liquid medium.A process for recycling the catalyst also forms part of the invention.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing trialkylsilyl ester and acid halide derivatives of carboxylic acids is provided along with novel trialkylsilyl ester intermediates of 2-(2-furyl)-2-methoximinoacetic acid.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing unsaturated dicarboxylic acids comprises heating the acids in the presence of a catalytic proportion of an unactivated clay and water. The product dimer is distilled to separate unreacted monomer acids. The product dimers of 36, 40 and 44 content are useful as corrosion inhibitors, epoxy resin curing agents, lubricants and intermediates for synthetic polymeric resins and polymeric resin plasticizers.

Abstract: Aliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g., adipic acid, are prepared by oxidizing a monocyclic ketone with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a vanadium compound having one of following formulae (I) and (II):H.sub.3+n [PM.sub.12-n V.sub.n O.sub.40 ].multidot.y H.sub.2 O (I)VO(Y).sub.m (II)in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 6; M is a molybdenum or tungsten atom; y is an integer ranging from zero to less than 50; Y is an acetylacetonate group or an alkoxy radical containing from 1 to 10 atoms; and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: Isomerization of branched saturated alkyl carboxylic acids to linear or isomeric branched alkyl carboxylic acids, or vice versa, by heating in the presence of a iodide or bromide promoted rhodium catalyst and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Adipic acid is prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl or rhodium carbonyl complex with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) dehydrocarbonylation of the mixture consisting essentially of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters in the presence of one or more elements of subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: In the process of hydrocarboxylating an .alpha.-enamide with CO and H.sub.2 O or an organic hydroxyl compound to produce an N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid or ester, respectively, the improvement comprising using as the .alpha.-enamide reactant, an .alpha.-enamide which has a chiral center that is essentially all L or D, thereby producing a reaction mixture containing diastereomeric N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acids or esters having two chiral centers, said mixture having essentially no enantiomeric pairs.

Abstract: Tricarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids of specific carbon atom content in the presence of a catalytic proportion of an unactivated clay and water. The product acids of 34, 35, 36, 38, or 40 carbon atoms are useful as corrosion inhibitors, epoxy resins curing agents, lubricants, polymeric resin plasticizers and intermediates for synthetic polymeric resins.

Abstract: A phenylalanine derivative having the formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen provided that both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not hydrogen at the same time;C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, pyridyl, or phenyl which may further be substituted with nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or halogen;C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, hydroxylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amidino, pyridylcarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which may further be substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of pimelic acid comprising reacting .epsilon.-caprolactone with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst, such as a Group VIII metal and hydrogen halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel low profile additive (LPA) for uncured polyester resins and the resultant molding compositions. The low profile additive is the reaction product of an ethylene/alphaolefin copolymer with a carboxylic acid or anhydride, to thereby form a non-thermoplastic carboxyl modified polyolefin. The novel LPA is a remarkably effective dimensional stabilizer and has displayed the ability to achieve net expansion in a cured polyester resin molding composition.

Abstract: Fumaric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group or a metallic cation, andR.sub.2 is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl group, psoralen-9-yl, retinyl, .alpha.-tocopheryl (vitamin E), calciferyl, corticosteroid-21-yl or monosaccharid-.omega.-yl; a group of fumaric acid derivatives based on glycerol, alkane diol or polyol molecules; and fumaric acid derivatives of the forumla ##STR2## wherein n is an interger from 30 to 260,R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group,R.sub.4 is one of the R.sub.3 groups and n is the number of molecule repetitions, processes for their production and compositions containing same are described. These compounds are useful as drugs for the treatment of cryptogenically-caused diseases and have antisporiatic as well as antimicrobial action.

Abstract: Allyl formate is substantially selectively converted to isobutyric acid, n-butyric acid and/or glutaric acid by bringing the alyl formate into contact with activated carbon in the presence of carbon monoxide, water and formic acid and a halide promoted group VIII soluble metal catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. Isobutyric and n-butyric acids are preferentially formed in the presence of relatively low concentrations of water and formic acid whereas glutaric acid is preferentially formed in the presence of relatively higher concentrations of water and formic acid.

Abstract: In the present invention, hydrated magnesium salts of the carboxylate group in certain aromatic or olefinically unsaturated peroxyacids such as monoperoxyphthalic acid or monoperoxymaleic acid are made by reacting the corresponding anhydride with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and a magnesium base, in the absence of a significant amount of free iron. By so doing, the process avoids the use of non-aqueous solvents such as ethyl acetate. Solid product can be obtained by using no more than enough hydrogen peroxide and water for solely a damp product to be obtained or by crystallization from an aqueous solution, preferably with recycle of the mother liquor. Preferably the reaction temperature is maintained at 5.degree. to 25.degree. C., employing 1.8 to 2.2 moles anhyhdride per mole of magnesium base, and 0.95 to 1.2 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of anhydride.The product can be used as a bleach and as a disinfectant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel method of preparing 3-alkyl-substituted glutaric acids and 2-alkyl-substituted succinic acids from 5-alkyl-substituted-1,3-cyclohexane-diones or 3-alkyl-substituted-5-ketohexanoic acids via transition-metal catalyzed oxidation.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic scrubbing liquors obtained when oxidation mixtures from the oxidation of cyclohexane are scrubbed with water are stabilized by a process in which the scrubbing liquors are heated at from 50.degree. to 130.degree. C. in the presence of a water-soluble vanadium compound.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,12-dodecanoic diacid by hydroformylating an unsaturated carboxy compound in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and oxidation of the aldehyde with oxygen, wherein undecyl-10-ene-acid is hydroformylated in the presence of hydridotristriphenylphosphine-rhodium-carbonyl combined with triphenylphosphine and/or triphenylphosphite, and the 11-formyl undecanioc acid which is thus formed is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of inorganic and organic Co(II) salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting biopolyesters consisting of straight-chain hydroxyacid monomers containing 10 to 40 carbon atoms, such as suberin and cutin, into a plain mixture of organic acids and their salts containing only a few main components. The depolymerization is carried out according to the invention by oxidizing either with a strong oxidizer or by dehydrating oxidation with strong alkali at elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,12-dodecanoic diacid by hydroformylating an olefin in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and oxidation with oxygen of the aldehyde which is thus formed wherein 1,9-decadiene is hydroformylated in the presence of hydridotris-triphenylphosphine-rhodium-carbonyl combined with triphenylphospine and/or triphenylphosphite, and the 1,12-dodecanedialdehyde which was thus formed is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of inorganic or organic Co(II) salts.

Abstract: Preparation of diesters of alkanedioic acids by reacting a dihydrocarbyl peroxide with carbon monoxide and optionally with an alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a solvent, a Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof and of a cupric salt.

Abstract: In the process of hydrocarboxylating an .alpha.-enamide with CO and an organic hydroxyl compound to produce a N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid ester, the improvement comprising using as the organic hydroxyl compound reactant, an organic hydroxyl compound which has a chiral center that is essentially all L or D, thereby producing a reaction mixture having essentially no enantiomeric pairs and containing diastereomeric N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid esters having two chiral centers.

Abstract: The antimicrobial compound, bis(carbomethoxymethyl) adipate is disclosed. It was prepared by condensing the methyl ester of glycolic acid and the acid chloride of adipic acid. Tests for antimicrobial activity exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against molds, yeasts, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: Unsaturated compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which: Q denotes alkyloxycarbonyl, cyano or formyl, R.sub.1 denotes a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical, R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic radical and R.sub.4 denotes a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical which may be substituted, are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of vitamin E.