Abstract: Production of dialkyl adipate by reaction of butadiene, carbon dioxide, and a lower alkyl alcohol in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a tertiary nitrogen base cocatalyst to form a liquid mixture containing alkyl 3-pentenoate, adding alkanoic acid to the mixture in an amount sufficient to keep the cobalt catalyst active, and then reacting the mixture to form dialkyl adipate. The acid addition increases the rate of reaction relative to catalyst deactivation rate and reduces the consumption of the tertiary nitrogen base cocatalyst.

Abstract: The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C.sub.2-4 -alkenes or 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of:(a) a Pd and/or Ru compound,(b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and(c) an Ag and/or Cu salt,yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

Abstract: A process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene with CO and an alcohol or water in the presence of an aprotic solvent is carried out in the presence of a dissolved catalytic system prepared by combining a Pd(II) compound, at least 5 mol of a triarylphosphine per gram atom of Pd and at least 1 mol of HC1 per gram atom of trivalent P.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds has been found to be effective in blocking cholesterol and neutral lipid synthesis in-vivo without adversely affecting energy metabolism, useful for the treatment of obesity, hyperlipidemia and maturity-onset diabetes. The active compounds have the general formula ##STR1## or in-vivo hydrolyzable functional derivatives of the carboxylic groups thereof,whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or hetercyclyl radical;X and Y each independently represents hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl; andQ represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteratom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure.

Abstract: A new class of compounds, the alkyl 9-alkoxy-7-nonenoates, is disclosed. These compounds are important intermediates in the synthesis of sebacic acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for dimerizing lower alkyl acrylates or lower alkyl methacrylates utilizing a bis(ethylene) rhodium tetrafluoroborate catalyst.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds has been found to be effective in blocking cholesterol and neutral lipid synthesis in-vivo without adversely affecting energy metabolism. The active compounds have the general formula ##STR1## or in-vivo hydrolysable functional derivatives of the carboxylic groups thereof, whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl radical;X and Y each independently represent hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl; andQ represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteroatom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization in the liquid phase of an aliphatic mono-olefin having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with a catalytic system formed by combining, in the presence of water, an alcohol or a carboxylic acid,a. a palladium compound,b. a chelate ligand having as coordinating atoms at least two Group Va atoms which are connected through a chain comprising 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, andc. a compound containing an anion of an acid, except hydrohalogenic acids.

Abstract: The dicarbonylation product of 1,4-disubstituted-2-butene is useful as intermediate in the production of adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and 1,6-hexanediol. It is produced by carbonylating a solution of the disubstituted butene in a polar, aprotic non-basic solvent at 80.degree.-140.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprised of a halide of the transition metal. The dicarbonylation product is converted to adipic acid by hydrogenation followed by hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for preparing aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters from aliphatic, non-conjugated dienes via carbonylation in the presence of a homogeneous palladium-phosphine catalyst or a palladium-phosphine melt catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for reducing the reaction time in the hydrolysis of a condensation polymer wherein molten condensation polymer is intimately admixed with a depolymerizing agent which is either (i) one of the products resulting from the complete hydrolytic depolymerization of the condensation polymer; or (ii) water. The depolymerization agent is present in the mixture in an amount which is less than the weight of the condensation polymer and the materials are intimately admixed for a time sufficient that the molecular of the condensation polymer is reduced by at least 50%. The treated condensation polymer of lower molecular weight is thereafter subjected to neutral hydrolysis. In addition to decreasing the overall time required to effect complete hydrolytic depolymerization, this process additionally permits the use of a smaller hydrolysis vessel, thereby reducing the fabrication cost of the hydrolysis unit.

Abstract: Process for the concurrent preparation of olefinically unsaturated or satted .alpha.,.omega.-dialdehydes and .alpha.,.omega.-diacids, characterized by the fact that the monoozonide of a a mono- or polyunsaturated cycloolefine in solution in a polar solvent, is treated with water and subsequently with an alkaline aqueous solution at room pressure and at a temperature from -5.degree. C. to 70.degree. C., maintaining during the addition of the alkali, a pH not higher than 12, the dialdehyde and the diacid being subsequently isolated by known, conventional methods.

Abstract: Dimethyl adipate is produced from dimethyl hex-3-enedioate which is prepared by carbonylation of butadiene under reactive conditions in the presence of an alcohol, a platinum-group-metal catalyst and quinone oxidant.

Abstract: Monomethyl-substituted methylene compounds are obtained by reacting methylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another represent --CN, --CO--R.sup.3, --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.3 or --NO.sub.2 andR.sup.1 can additionally denote -aryl(R.sup.1).sub.n,whereinR.sup.3 denotes --OH, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aralkoxy or aryloxy, or amino which is substituted by alkyl and/or aralkyl and/or aryl, and furthermoretwo radicals R.sup.3 together can be an alkylene group, the radical of an aliphatic diol or of an aliphatic diamine or the group --NH--CO--NH-- and n represents 1, 2 or 3,with formaldehyde and with hydrogen in the presence of a condensation catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature, the methylene compound being introduced into the liquid phase of the mixture of reactants in the course of the reaction.

Abstract: Interpolymers of .alpha.-olefins having at least about 6 carbon atoms and unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as maleic anhydride, may be prepared by heating reactive amounts only of the monomers with a free radical initiator, preferably in a solvent-free system and typically at a temperature of at least about 135.degree. C. The time required for polymerization is relatively short under these conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst and a liquid phase process are provided for the dimerization of acrylic compounds. The process includes contacting an acrylic compound with the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, wherein the catalyst comprises an inorganic oxide catalyst support, trivalent pendant atoms covalently bonded to the support and ruthenium complexed with said trivalent pendant atoms.

Abstract: Process for the production of 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid from isophorone. In a first step the isophorone is converted with ozone into an ozone-addition product. The ozone-addition product is converted by hydrolysis into 3,3-dimethyl-5-oxohexanoic acid. The latter is converted into 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid by treatment with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The freezing point of an aqueous system is lowered by adding to the system a freezing point lowering quantity of at least one and preferably two or more water soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids having at least three carbon atoms, specifically a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group which consists of adipic, glutaric, succinic and malonic acids, the salt being a sodium, potassium, ammonium or organoamine salt.

Abstract: Process for the production of 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid or its esters from dimedone. Dimedone is converted with ozone into an ozone-addition product. The latter is converted by hydrolysis into 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid or by alcoholysis into one of its esters.

Abstract: Waste streams from adipic acid manufacture containing nitric, succinic, glutaric and adipic acids and valuable catalytic metal as salts are treated with alcohols, thereby separating, as esters, succinic and glutaric acids which would contaminate pure adipic acid on recycling, and allowing the re-use of the resulting stream containing nitric acid and metal catalytic salts.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous preparation of adipic acid by hydrolysis of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl adipates with water at an elevated temperature in the presence of a strongly acidic ion exchanger, the improvement that the esters and excess water are fed to the middle section of a column, reaction mixture is taken off at a plurality of trays of the column below the feed point, passed over a strongly acidic ion exchanger and recycled, alkanols or alkanol/water mixtures are taken off at the top of the column and an aqueous solution of adipic acid is taken off at the bottom of the column.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the production of higher homologues of aliphatic carboxylic acids by reaction of said acids with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of one or more palladium-containing catalysts in combination with a Group VB tertiary donor ligand and in the presence of an iodide or bromide promoter.

Abstract: New homopolymerizable or copolymerizable 3,3-disubstituted furan dione compounds are described of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a reactive moiety and Y and R are unreactive moieties.

Abstract: .alpha.-substituted derivatives of valproic acid are provided for conjugation to antigenic compositions, particularly poly(amino acids), and enzymes. The antigenic conjugates are employed for the production of antibodies, which find particular use in immunoassays for the determination of valproate, while the enzyme conjugate finds use in a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of valproate. The compounds are synthesized by alkylating valproate at the tertiary carbon atom by an aliphatic chain with a terminal double bond which is cleaved to provide an acid or aldehyde group.

Abstract: Process industrially and economically useful for preparing difunctional aliphatic organic compounds of formulaX-(CH.sub.2).sub.n -Yin which n=6,7, X=--COOH, --COOR, Y=--CN, --COOH, --CONH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2 --COOR wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms.The process starts from a ketone of the formula ##STR1## in which n=2,3 and R.sub.1 =--CN, --COOH. The ketone (I) is changed to the corresponding hydroperoxide by means of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, the hydroperoxide is catalytically split by means of a catalyst Fe.sup.++ /Cu.sup.++ to give an unsaturated acid of the formulaHOOC--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --CH.dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -R.sub.1and this is catalytically hydrogenated to the compoundHOOC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -R.sub.1When R.sub.1 is different from Y, R.sub.1 is changed to Y through known methods.

Abstract: An inert organic solvent dispersion of alkali hydroxide is prepared by mixing an alkali hydroxide, an inert organic solvent and a stabilizer and heating and stirring at the temperature for forming the pasty alkali hydroxide and cooling the dispersion. The dispersion of alkali hydroxide is used in a reaction of an active methylene compound with an organoalkyl halide such as a reaction of a halophenylacetonitrile with an isopropyl halide to obtain .alpha.-isopropyl halophenylacetonitrile.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low viscosity hydroxylated liquid polymer having polymerized therein a mercaptan compound containing hydroxyl and/or carboxyl group(s) in an amount sufficient to reduce viscosity and provide low peel property on the order of 10 to 25 ounces without significantly lowering the adhesive properties thereof, to a removable, low peel adhesive which is a reaction product of the liquid polymer and an isocyanate prepolymer, and to a substrate having deposited thereon said adhesive. The removable adhesive produces a clean 180.degree. peel while maintaining good tack and shear and due to its low viscosity, it can be processed at 100% solids, i.e., without any solvent.

Abstract: A method of purifying alkali metal chloride brine containing calcium ion impurities which comprises adding to the brine a proportion of an alkali metal carboxylate compound to form an insoluble calcium carboxylate precipitate, separating the insoluble carboxylate precipitate from the brine to purify the brine and recovering the resulting purified brine. The alkali metal carboxylate compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein Me is an alkali metal and n is an integer from 0 to 6.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds and their alkali metal salts are useful metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. Selected compounds are also intermediates useful in the syntheses of aconitic acid as well as isocitric and alloisocitric acids and their lactones. The novel polyfunctional compounds are obtained from the reaction of maleic anhydride with selected active methylene or methane containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the production of higher homologues of aliphatic carboxylic acids by reaction of said acids with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of one or more ruthenium catalyst components and an iodide or bromide promoter.

Abstract: Conjugated diolefins (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) are carbonylated by the palladium-catalyzed addition of carbon monoxide and an alcohol of the formula ROH (e.g., benzyl alcohol) whereby polycarboxylic esters are formed in which the pair of double bonds of the conjugated diolefin has been transformed into a moiety having the formula: ##STR1## In the process, the olefin, carbon monoxide, and alcohol are reacted in the presence of a palladium(II) salt, a copper(II) salt, and a base, at certain concentrations and at a pressure and temperature sufficient to effect the carbonylation. The resulting unsaturated diester can be hydrolyzed and hydrogenated or vice versa to obtain the corresponding linear diacid (e.g., adipic acid).

Abstract: Sebacic acid is produced from adipic acid by half esterifying adipic acid with methanol to produce monomethyl adipate, carrying out electrolytic condensation of the monomethyl adipate in a methanol solution containing an alkali metal salt of the monomethyl adipate to give an electrolytic solution containing dimethyl sebacate, treating the electrolytic solution by a combination of water treatment and anion exchange treatment or a combination of cation exchange treatment and anion exchange treatment to remove the monomethyl adipate and its alkali metal salt from the electrolytic solution, separating the dimethyl sebacate, and hydrolyzing the dimethyl sebacate to give sebacic acid.

Abstract: Novel alkyl 1-(hydroxyalkyl)piperidines and acid addition salts thereof, useful as inhibitors of dental plaque and therefore also useful against dental caries and periodontitis, are disclosed. Methods of making same, orally-acceptable compositions thereof, a method of treating therewith, and important and novel intermediates for the production thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention consists of a process for preparing bifunctional aliphatic organic compounds of at least 6 carbon atoms, wherein a cycloaliphatic oxyhydroperoxide is reacted with an alpha-olefine having its double bond activated by a conjugate electron-attracting group, in the presence of a bivalent Cr salt, a bivalent V salt or a trivalent Ti salt.

Abstract: Water and serum soluble cholesterol compounds are prepared by reactively combining certain esters of cholesterol with a solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of peptides, proteins, water soluble polycarboxylic acids, organic and inorganic water soluble salts of said polycarboxylic acids, and cis-vicinal water-soluble polysaccharides. The water-soluble cholesterol compounds can be lyophilized and added to serum as a standard for the determination of cholesterol in biological fluids either by traditional saponofication methods or by enzymatic methods.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a salt of a poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylic acid, which salt contains monomeric units of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and in which M represents the cationic radical resulting from the dissociation of a base, by reacting, with the base, in the presence of water, a solid polylactone derived from the corresponding poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylic acid, in which process the reaction is carried out in a liquid medium containing water and a diluent, the diluent being one which does not dissolve the polylactone and the salt produced and being present in an amount such that the polylactone and salt produced do not dissolve in the medium. In the process, an oxidizing agent is added to the liquid medium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble coating composition having excellent properties including corrosion resistance, adhesion, impact resistance and so on. The coating composition comprises an adduct of a butadiene lower polymer or copolymer and .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound resulting from the special addition reaction, a hydrophilic solvent and a neutralizer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble coating composition having excellent properties including corrosion resistance, adhesion, impact resistance and so on. The coating composition comprises an adduct of a butadiene lower polymer or copolymer and .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound resulting from the special addition reaction, a hydrophilic solvent and a neutralizer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a water-soluble coating composition having excellent properties including corrosion resistance, adhesion, impact resistance and so on. The coating composition comprises an adduct of a butadiene lower polymer or copolymer and .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid compound resulting from the special addition reaction, a hydrophilic solvent and a neutralizer.

Abstract: A process for converting cyclopentane to glutaric acid which involves oxidizing cyclopentane with molecular oxygen in the presence of critical amounts of cobaltic ions in an aliphatic monobasic acid while maintaining critical temperature, pressure and contact time in the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of oligomeric builders for use in detergent compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to a biodegradable, oligomeric polyacrylate having a molecular weight of greater than about 500 and less than about 10,000, preferably less than about 5000. In the most desirable embodiments at least one end of the oligomer chain is terminated with either a sulfur containing moiety or an hydroxy containing moiety. Preferred cations are alkali metals, ammonium and substituted ammonium.